Orta Çağ Polonya'sında Tekstil ve Yahudiler

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 105 - 134, 02.08.2023

Ebru Emine Oğuz

Öz

Orta Çağ Avrupa’sında tekstil ve giyim kuşama ilişkin veriler yapılan arkeolojik çalışmalar vasıtasıyla elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen buluntular ise dönem insanlarının sosyal yaşamları hususunda bilgi sahibi olabilmemizi sağlamıştır. Bu konudaki en önemli noktalardan biri de giysilerin toplumsal statü belirleyici niteliği olmuştur. Özellikle Geç Orta Çağ döneminin siyasî gidişatı nedeniyle Polonya’da yoğun bir Yahudi nüfusu mevcuttur. Ancak iki toplum arasındaki din farkı, bu alanda birtakım düzenlemeler yapılmasını gerektirmiş; belirtilen düzenlemeler kapsamında Hristiyan ve Yahudilerin birbirlerinden kolaylıkla ayırt edilebilmelerini sağlamak, önceliği teşkil etmiştir. Dolayısıyla bu amaçla insanlar arasında dış görünüşte fark yaratabilme doğrultusunda en basit yol olan giyim kuşama ilişkin değişiklikler kararlaştırılarak, kanunlar çıkarılmıştır. Çalışmamızda Orta Çağ Avrupa’sında giyecek alışkanlıklarının beraberinde XIV. ve XV. yüzyıllarda Polonya Krallığı’nın feodal yapısına dâhil olan Yahudiler ve giyim kuşamları ele alınmaya çalışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Orta Çağ, Avrupa, Polonya, Yahudiler, Giyim Kuşam

Kaynakça

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