Nurses’ Psychological Resilience Levels and Family Role Performances during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Descriptive and Correlational Study

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 112 - 122, 17.04.2023

Hakan Çelik , Mümin Savaş , Ömer Ödek , Handan Zincir

https://doi.org/10.38108/ouhcd.1016338

Cited By: 1

Öz

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the psychological resilience and family role performances of nurses who worked in a hospital pandemic during COVID-19.
Methods: This study was descriptive and correlational. The study sample consisted of 318 nurses working in a tertiary state hospital in Kayseri. Data were collected using by “Socio-Demographic Form”, “Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale”, and “Family Role Performance Scale”. After the normal distribution analysis of the data, SPSS 22.0 was used for descriptive and advanced analysis, and Lisrel 8.71 program was used for structural equation modeling.
Results: As a result of the structural equation model, it was found that the psychological resilience of nurses had a significant 0.61 effect on family role performance (p<0.01). It was found that the psychological resilience score of the nurses was higher and statistically significantly different in males, married, having children, and not having any fear of infection (p<0.05). The family role performance scores of the nurses were higher and statistically significantly different in those who did not have close contact with the patient with COVID-19, those who received isolation training, and those who see their families every day (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the results, the psychological resilience levels of participants nurses were high, their family role performances were moderate, and psychological resilience had a significant effect on family role performance. Therefore, nurses should maintain work and life balance during the pandemic and protect positive expectations and goals for life in the face of painful experiences.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19, nurse, family role performance, psychological resilience

Teşekkür

The authors thank all the nurses who agreed to participate in the study during the COVID-19 pandemic.

COVID-19 Salgınında Hemşirelerin Psikolojik Sağlamlıkları ve Aile Rol Performansları: Tanımlayıcı ve İlişki Arayıcı Çalışma

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma, COVID-19 salgını sırasında bir pandemi hastanesinde çalışan hemşirelerin psikolojik dayanıklılık düzeylerini ve aile rol performanslarını değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır.
Yöntem: Bu çalışma, tanımlayıcı ve ilişki arayıcı çalışmadır. Araştırmanın örneklemi Türkiye'de Kayseri ilinde yer alan üçüncü basamak bir devlet hastanesinde çalışan 318 hemşireden oluşmuştur. Veriler “Sosyo-Demografik Form”, “Connor-Davidson Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği” ve “Aile Rol Performansı Ölçeği” kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin normal dağılım analizinden sonra tanımlayıcı ve ileri analizini yapmak için SPSS 22.0, yapısal eşitlik modeli için Lisrel 8.71 programı kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Yapısal eşitlik modeli sonucunda hemşirelerin psikolojik sağlamlığının, aile rol performansı üzerinde 0.61’lik anlamlı etkisi olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0.01). Hemşirelerin psikolojik sağlamlık puanı erkeklerde, evli olanlarda, çocuk sahibi olanlarda ve virüs bulaşma endişesi olmayanlarda daha yüksek ve istatiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Hemşirelerde aile rol performansı puanlarının COVID-19’lu hastaya yakın temasta bulunmayanlarda, izolasyon eğitimi alanlarda ve ailesiyle her gün görüşenlerde yüksek ve istatiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği görülmüştür (p<0.05).
Sonuç: Araştırma sonucunda hemşirelerin psikolojik dayanıklılık düzeylerinin yüksek, aile rol performanslarının orta düzeyde olduğu ve psikolojik dayanıklılığın aile rol performansı üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi olduğu bulundu. Hemşireler salgın döneminde iş ve yaşam dengesini sağlamalı, acı verici deneyimler karşısında yaşam için olumlu beklentileri ve hedefleri korumalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19, hemşire, aile rol performansı, psikolojik sağlamlık

Kaynakça

• Akın A, Uğur E. (2014). The validity and reliability study of the family role performance scale. International Journal of Family, Child and Education, 4,125-133.
• Aktaş H, Gürkan GÇ. (2015). Mediating role of occupational commitment in the ınteractions of work-family & family-work conflict with ındividual performance: a research on nurses. Doğus University Journal, 16(2), 139-154.
• Anadolu Agency. (2020). Health Minister Koca: We are experiencing the second peak of the first wave of the coronavirus. Accesed: November 20,2020, https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/saglik-bakani-koca-koronavirusun-birinci-dalgasinin-ikinci-pikini-yasiyoruz/1961210
• Arslan HN, Karabekiroglu A, Terzi O, Dundar C. (2021). The effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on physicians’ psychological resilience levels. Postgraduate Medicine, 133(2), 223-230.
• Bandura A, Caprara GV, Barbaranelli C, Regalia C, Scabini E. (2011). Impact of family efficacy beliefs on quality of family functioning and satisfaction with family life. Applied Psychology, 60,421-448.
• Bozdağ F, Ergün N. (2020). Psychological resilience of healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic. Psychology Reports, 124(6), 2567-2586.
• Connor KM, Davidson JR. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor‐Davidson resilience scale (CD‐RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18(2), 76-82.
• Cooper AL, Brown JA, Rees CS, Leslie GD. (2020). Nurse resilience: A concept analysis. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 29(4),553-575.
• Chung G, Lanier P, Wong PYJ. (2020). Mediating effects of parental stress on harsh parenting and parent-child relationship during coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in Singapore. Journal of Family Violence, 1-12.
• Daks JS, Peltz JS, Rogge RD. (2020). Psychological flexibility and inflexibility as sources of resiliency and risk during a pandemic: Modeling the cascade of COVID-19 stress on family systems with a contextual behavioral science lens. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 18,16-27.
• Foster K, Roche M, Giandinoto J, Furness T. (2020). Workplace stressors, psychologicalwell‐ being, resilience, and caring behaviours of mental health nurses: A descriptive correlational study. International Journal Of Mental Health Nursing, 29 (1), 56– 68.
• Frone MR, Russell M, Cooper ML. (1992). Antecedents and outcomes of work family conflict: Testing a model of the work family interface. Journal Of Applied Psychology, 77 (1),65-78.
• Greenhaus JH, Beutell NJ. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. Academy of Management Review, 10,78–88.
• Han L, Wong FKY, She DLM, Li SY, Yang YF, Jiang MY, Chung LYF.(2020). Anxiety and depression of nurses in a north west province in china during the period of novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 52(5), 564-573.
• Higgins CA, Duxburry LE, Irving RH.(1992). Work family conflict in the dual career family. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 51(1),51-75.
• Huang L, Lin G, Tang L, Yu L, Zhou Z. (2020). Special attention to nurses’ protection during the COVID-19 epidemic. Critical Care, 24(1),120.
• Jiloha RC. (2020). COVID‐19 and mental health. Epidemiology International, 5(1),7‐9.
• Karaırmak Ö.(2010). Establishing the psychometric qualities of the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in a trauma survivor sample. Psychiatry Research, 179(3),350-356.
• Kılınç T, Sis Çelik A. (2021). Relationship between the social support and psychological resilience levels perceived by nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A study from Turkey. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 57 (3), 100-1008.
• Kutluturkan S, Sozeri E, Uysal N, Bay F. (2016). Resilience and burnout status among nurses working in oncology. Annals of General Psychiatry, 15(1),1-9.
• Labrague L. (2020). Psychological resilience, coping behaviors, and social support among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review of quantitative studies. Journal of Nursing Management, 29(7), 1893-1905.
• Labrague LJ, De Los Santos JAA. (2020). COVID-19 anxiety among front-line nurses: Predictive role of organisational support, personal resilience and social support. Journal of Nursing Management, 28,1653-1661.
• Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, et al. (2020).Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Network Open, 3(3),1-12.
• Li C, Jiafang L,Yingying Z. (2013). Cross-domain effects of work-family conflict on organizational commitment and performance. Social Behavior and Personality: an International Journal, 4(10),1641-1654.
• Lyu H, Yao M, Zhang D, Liu X. (2020). The relationship among organizational identity, psychological resilience and work engagement of the first-line nurses in the prevention and control of COVID-19 based on structural equation model. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 13, 2379-2386.
• Mo Y, Deng L, Zhang L, Yang Q, Liao C, Wang, N, et al. (2020). Work stress among Chinese nurses to support Wuhan in fighting against COVID‐19 epidemic. Jorunal of Nursing Management, 28,1002– 1009.
• Nohe C, Michel A, Sonntag K. (2014). Family-work conflict and job performance: A diary study of boundary conditions and mechanism. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35(3), 339-357.
• OECD. (2020). Nurses (indicator). 2020. Accessed: August 26, 2020, https://10.0.6.251/283e64de-en
• Pak MD, Özcan E, Çoban Aİ. (2017). Secondary traumatic stress level and psychological resilience of emergency service staff. The Journal of International Social Research, 10(52),628-644.
• Pallant J. (2017). SPSS Survival Manual A Step By Step Guide To Data Analysis Using IBM SPSS. 3rd edition, Balcı S, Ahi B.(Trans.). Ankara: Anı Publishing.
• Pappa S, Ntella V, Giannakas T, Giannakoulis VG, Papoutsi E, Katsaounou P. (2020). Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behavior and Immunity, 1591 (20), 901–907.
• Parasuraman S, Simmers CA. (2001). Type of employment, work-family conflict and well-being: A comparative study. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 22(5), 551-568.
• Rodriguez-Llanes JM, Vos F, Guha-Sapir D. (2013). Measuring psychological resilience to disasters: are evidence-based indicators an achievable goal? Environmental Health, 12(115),1-10.
• Santarone K, McKenney M, Elkbuli A. (2020). Preserving mental health and resilience in frontline healthcare workers during COVID-19. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 38(7), 1530-1531.
• Singh C, Cross W, Munro I, Jackson D. (2020). Occupational stress facing nurse academics—A mixed‐methods systematic review. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29(5–6), 720–735.
• Turkish Ministry Of Health (TMOH). (2020). General Directorate Of Public Health. Covid-19 General Information, Epidemiology And Diagnosis. June 29 2020. Ankara. Accessed: August 26, 2020, https://COVID19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/depo/rehberler/COVID-19_Rehberi.pdf
• Wade JB, Hart RP, Wade JH, Bajaj JS, Price DD. (2013). The relationship between marital status and psychological resilience in chronic pain. Pain Research and Treatment, 2013, 928473.
• World Health Organization [WHO]. (2015). Summary of probable SARS cases with onset of illness from 1 November 2002 to 31 July 2003. Accesed: November 22, 2020. https://www.who.int/csr/sars/country/table 2004_04_21/en/
• WHO. (2020). MERS situation update, January 2020. Accesed: April 22,2020, http://www.emro.who.int/ health-topics/mers-cov/mers-outbreaks.html
• Wu P, Fang Y, Guan Z, Fan B, Kong J, Yao Z, et al. (2009). The psychological impact of the SARS epidemic on hospital employees in China: exposure, risk perception, and altruistic acceptance of risk. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 54(5), 302–311.
• Wu J, Wu X, Wu F, Dia Y, Dechun C, Gong X. (2020). Survey of sleep quality of clinic-al front-line nurses and its influencing factors in the fight against new coronavirus pneumonia. Nursing Research, 344, 558–562.
• Xiao, H., Zhang, Y., Kong, D., Li, S., Yang, N. (2020). The effects of social support on sleep quality of medical staff treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in January and February 2020 in China. Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 26, e923549-1.
• Yörük S, Güler D. (2021). The relationship between psychological resilience, burnout, stress, and sociodemographic factors with depression in nurses and midwives during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A cross‐sectional study in Turkey. Perspective in Psychiatric Care, 57,390‐398.