FİNANSAL GELİŞME VE EKONOMİK KALKINMA İLİŞKİSİ: UYGULAMALI LİTERATÜR TARAMASI

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 1 - 24, 26.01.2024

Gülçin Gökçen

Öz

Finansal sistemlerin gelişimi ve ekonomik kalkınma ile olan ilişkisi hakkında literatür de
farklı fikir ve değer yargılarının yer alması, araştırmacılar nezdinde ekonomik rasyoları
yüksek önem teşkil etmektedir.
Bir ekonominin en önemli birimi olarak bilinen finansal sistem, çağdaş ekonomilerin en
fazla gereksinim duyduğu fon transferi sürecinin merkezi olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Bir
finansal sistemin veriminden bağımsız olarak bir ülke ekonomisinin başarıya ulaşması
mümkün görünmemektedir. Dahası, finansal sisteme bağlı olarak kazanılan ekonomik
büyüme yalnızca ortalama gelir düzeyinde artışa, yasal düzenlemelerde ve uluslararası
bütünleşme düzeyinde gelişmeye neden olmayacak, aynı zamanda finansal sistemin
gelişimine katkıda bulunacaktır.
Bu proje çalışmasında finansal gelişme ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki çeşitli
yönlerden ele alınmıştır. Çalışma üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde finansal
sistemin ekonomideki rolü açıklanırken finansal sistemin bileşenlerinden ve Türkiye’de
finansal sistemden bahsedilmiştir. İkinci bölümde finansal gelişme ile ekonomik büyüme
ilişkisi; finansal gelişimin karakteristikleri ile finansal aracılık, faiz, yatırım ve tasarruf,
finansal liberalizasyon ve nedensellik ilişkisi başlıkları incelenmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde ise
literatür de bulunan finansal sistem ve ekonomik kalkınma arasındaki ilişkiyi ele alan geçmiş
çalışmalar incelenmiştir. Tüm çalışmalarda finansal gelişme ve ekonomik büyüme arasında
güçlü bir ilişki bulunmasına rağmen, nedenselliğin yönü tartışmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

: Finansal sistem, finansal gelişme, ekonomik büyüme.

Kaynakça

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