Benzetim modelleme ve deneysel tasarım ile sinyal kontrollü kentsel trafik akışının en iyilenmesi

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 1, 101 - 107, 27.02.2018

Rahime Sancar Edis , Pınar Mızrak Özfırat

Öz

Kentsel
alanlardaki trafik akışı, hem sürücü hem de yayalar için temel problemlerden
biridir. Trafik yoğunluğu ve trafik ışıkları büyük zaman kayıplarına yol
açmaktadır.  Trafikte beklemelerle oluşan
bu zaman kayıpları, ülkeler için boşa harcanmış önemli yakıt miktarlarına ve
dolayısıyla önemli maliyet kayıplarına neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, İzmir,
Türkiye’de bir anayoldaki trafik akışı incelenmiştir. Kentsel trafikte boşa
harcanmış kaynakları azaltmak üzere; sinyal kontrollü trafik akışını etkileyen
faktörleri dikkate alan bir deneysel tasarım çalışması yapılmıştır. Tasarım
faktörleri; trafik ışıklarının sinyal süreleri, trafik yoğunluğu ve araçların
hızı olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu faktörlerin, sistemde geçirilen süre, kırmızı
ışıkta bekleme süreleri ve sistemden çıkabilen araç sayısı amaçları üzerindeki
etkileri incelenmiştir. Seçilen 486 tasarım noktasının sonuçları, oluşturulan
benzetim modelinden elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, tasarım noktaları içinden
toplam bekleme süresini en küçükleyen en iyi faktör düzeyleri belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kentsel trafik akışı, Trafik sinyalleri, Kesirli çok etkenli tasarım, Benzetim, Trafik yoğunluğu, Trafik Optimizasyonu

Optimization of signal controlled urban traffic flow using simulation modeling and an experimental design

Öz

Traffic flow in urban
areas is one of the major problems both for drivers and pedestrians. Traffic
congestion and traffic lights constitute a large portion of the time spent in
traffic. This wasted time for waiting in traffic also costs countries
considerable amount of wasted fuel and hence considerable amount of money. In
this study, traffic flow of a road in Izmir, Turkey is considered. In order to
decrease all the wasted resources in urban traffic, an experimental design is
conducted on the factors affecting the signal controlled traffic flow. The
design factors are determined to be signal times of traffic lights, traffic
intensity and the speed of vehicles. The effects of these factors on the three
performance measures of time in system, waiting time in red light and number of
vehicles going out of the system are analyzed. A fractional factorial design is
carried out on the 486 design points evaluated using simulation modeling. In
results, among the design points, best level of factors to minimize total
waiting time in traffic flow are determined.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Urban traffic flow, Traffic signals, Fractional factorial design, Simulation, Traffic intensity, Traffic optimization

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