Asenkron motorlar için ayarlanabilir gerilim uygulamalı V/f tabanlı hız denetiminde farklı PWM tekniklerinin performans analizi

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 5, 797 - 808, 12.10.2018

Selami Kesler

Öz

Bu makale, Asenkron
Motorlarının (IM veya ASM) Volt-Hertz (V/f) tabanlı hız kontrolünü iyileştirmek
için bir yöntem ve karşılaştırmalı bir çalışma sunmaktadır. Bu amaçla,
özellikle farklı yük ve hız koşullarında çalışan üç fazlı asenkron motorların
V/f tabanlı hız kontrol performansı açısından sinüzoidal darbe genişlik
modülasyonu (SPWM) ve uzay vektör darbe genişliği modülasyonu (SVPWM)
teknikleri incelenip değerlendirilmiştir. Bu bakımdan, literatürden farklı bir
çalışmadır. Her iki tekniğin yukarıda belirtilen kontrol yöntemi üzerindeki
kararlı ve geçici hal etkileri çeşitli örnek durumlar üzerinde analiz
edilmiştir. Daha sonra, kalkış performansını artırmak için her iki PWM
yönteminde de düzeltilmiş referans komut tekniğine eşlik eden ayarlanabilir
yükseltici gerilim uygulaması önerilmiştir. Her iki PWM modeli için yapılan tüm
araştırmalar aynı koşullar altında gerçekleştirilmiştir. SVPWM tekniği birçok durumda
daha etkin sonuçlar vermesine rağmen, kontrol yöntemi üzerindeki performans
açısından SPWM tabanlı uygulamalarda önerilen yöntem dikkate değer
iyileştirmeler sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın bir yeniliği olarak, düşük
maliyetli mikrodenetleyici için daha az hesaplama yükü olan SPWM uygulamasında
karşılaşılan düşük frekansta kötü kontrol performansı, DC hat akımına göre
oransal olarak değişen düzeltilmiş referans komutlarıyla birlikte uygulanan
ayarlanabilir yükseltici gerilim yöntemi ile iyileştirilebileceği
gösterilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Asenkron motor, Performans analizi, Darbe genişlik modülasyonu, Değişken hızlı sürücüler, Volt-Hertz kontrol

Performance analysis of different PWM techniques on V/f-based speed control with adjustable boost voltage application for induction motors

Öz

This paper
presents a comparative study and a method to improve Volt-Hertz (V/f) based
speed control of Induction Motors (IMs). For this purpose, Sinusoidal Pulse
Width Modulation (SPWM) and space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM)
techniques are investigated and evaluated, especially from the point of their
control performance on the V/f-based control for three-phase IMs working at
different load and speed conditions. From this aspect, it is a different study
from the literature. Steady and transient effects of both techniques on the
above mentioned control methods are analyzed for several case studies.
Afterwards, adjustable boost voltage application with modified reference
commands technique is proposed for both PWM methods in order to improve
start-up performance. All investigations for both PWM models are carried out
under the same conditions. Although SVPWM technique gives more effective
results in many cases, the proposed method provides noticeable improvements on
SPWM-based applications from point of performance on the control method. As a
novelty of this study, it is shown that, the bad performance of the control
method at low frequency in SPWM application, which has lower computational
burden for low cost microcontroller, can be improved by applying adjustable
boost voltage along with modified references that are proportional to the DC
bus current.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Induction motor, Performance analysis, Pulse width modulation, Variable speed drives, Volt-Hertz control

Kaynakça

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