Kararlı durumda seri kapasitörlerin iletim şebekesine etkilerinin incelenmesi
Yıl 2019,
Cilt: 25 Sayı: 5, 577 - 585, 21.10.2019
Doğan Can Samuk
,
Fatih Mehmet Nuroğlu
Öz
Artan
nüfus ve gelişen sanayi ile birlikte elektrik enerjisi ihtiyacı günden güne
artmaktadır. Bu talebin karşılanması için yeni üretim tesisleri birincil enerji
kaynaklarına yakın yerlerde kurulmakta ve iletim şebekesi ile tüketim
merkezlerine taşınmaktadır. Özellikle üretim ve tüketim merkezleri arasındaki
mesafenin uzun olduğu yerlerde güç transfer kapasitesinin azalması ve güç açısı
değerinin büyümesi problemlere neden olmaktadır. Bu bağlamda uzun iletim
hatlarında iletilen aktif gücü artırmak için seri kapasitörler
kullanılmaktadır. Seri kapasitörlerin, paralel hatlar arasında yük paylaşımına
olanak sağlaması ve sistemin geçici hal kararlılığını artırmaya yardımcı olması
şebekeye sağladığı diğer olumlu katkılardır. İletim hatlarına olan bu
katkılarının yanında seri kapasitörlerin sistemde koruma görevini yerine
getiren mesafe koruma rölelerinin çalışmasını olumsuz etkilediği bilinmektedir.
Bu çalışmada, seri kapasitörün yüksek gerilimli uzun iletim hatlarının
yüklenmesine, şebekenin geçici hal kararlılığına ve mesafe koruma rölelerinin
çalışmasına etkisini incelenmek üzere Digsilent PowerFactory programında örnek
bir test sistemi oluşturulmuştur. Test sistemi üzerinde yük akış ve kısa devre
analizleri yapılarak seri kapasitörlerin iletim sistemi üzerine olumlu ve
olumsuz etkileri incelenmiştir.
Kaynakça
- Saadat H. Power System Analysis. 5th ed. New York, USA, McGraw-Hill, 1999.
- De Kock J, Strauss C. Practical Power Distribution for Industry. 1st ed. Burlington, USA, Newnes Press, 2004.
- Miller J, Watson MB. “Review of Series Compensation for Transmission Lines”. PSC Consulting Technical Report, JU4715, 2014.
- Gencer ÖÖ. Seri Kompanzasyon Sistemlerinin Geçici Hal Kararlılığına Etkilerinin Örnek Bir Sistem Üzerinde İncelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Kocaeli Üniversitesi, Kocaeli, Türkiye, 2002.
- Grünbaum R, Halvarsson P, Jones P. “Series Compensation for Increased Power Transmission Capacity”. 5th IET International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives, Brighton, UK, 19-21 April 2010.
- Lee HJ, Kim SH, Hur K, Choi JS, Oh HJ, Lee BJ, Chow JH. “Integrating TCSC to enhance transmission capability and security: Feasibility studies for korean electric power system”. Power and Energy Society General Meeting, Boston, USA, 17-21 July 2016.
- Zellagui M, Chaghi A. “Impact of series compensation (SC) on the MHO distance relay in algerian 220 kV transmission line”. Canadian Journal on Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 2(6), 181-189, 2011.
- Vyas B, Maheshwari RP, Das B. “Protection of series compensated transmission line: issues and state of art”. Electric Power System Research, 107, 93-108, 2014.
- Kumar BSA, Parthasarathy K, Prabhakara FS, Khincha HP. “Effectiveness of series capacitors in long distance transmission lines”. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems. 5, 941-951, 1970.
- Ziegler G. Numerical Distance Protection: Principles and Applications. 4th ed. Erlangen, Germany, Publicis Publishing, 2011.
- Glover JD, Sarma MS, Overbye TJ. Power System Analysis and Design. 5th ed. Stamford, USA, 2011.
- Özevin E. Elektrik Güç Sistemlerinde Hatların Kısa Devre ve Güç Salınımına Karşı Nümerik Mesafe Röleleri ile Korunmasının İncelenmesi ve Dinamik Simülasyonunun Gerçekleştirilmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Türkiye, 2015.
- Altuve HJ, Mooney JB, Alexander GE. “Advances in series-compensated line protection”. 62nd Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers, Texas, USA, 30 March-2 April 2009.
- Jamali S, Kazemi A, Shateri H. “Distance relay over-reaching due to installation of TCSC on next lines”. IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics. Montreal, Canada, 9-13 July 2006.
- Bakie E, Westhoff C. “Voltage and current inversion challenges when protecting series-compensated lines-a case study”. 69th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers, Texas, USA, 4-7 April 2016.
- Jamali S, Kazemi A, Shateri H. “Voltage inversion due to presence of TCSC on adjacent lines in inter phase faults and distance relay mal-operation”. 43rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference. 1-4 September 2008.
- Digsilent Power System Software and Engineering. “AdvancesFeatures”. https://www.digsilent.de/en/protection-functions.html (22.01.2018).
- Kundur P. Power System Stability and Control. 1st ed.New York, USA, McGraw-Hill, 1994.
Investigation of the effects of series capacitor on transmission network in steady state
Yıl 2019,
Cilt: 25 Sayı: 5, 577 - 585, 21.10.2019
Doğan Can Samuk
,
Fatih Mehmet Nuroğlu
Öz
Electrical
energy need is increasing day by day along with the developing industry and
growing population. New generation facilities are established near the primary
energy sources to meet the demand. The generated energy is transported to the
load location by transmission lines. Decrease of the power transfer capacity
and great value of the power angle cause some problems, especially at the
long-distanced places between the generation and the load location. In this
context, series capacitors are used to increase transfer capacity on long
transmission lines. It is also known that the series capacitors allow load
sharing between the parallel lines and improve transient stability of the
network. In addition to these positive contributions to the network, the series
capacitor affects operation of the distance relay negatively. In this study, a
sample test system is modeled by using Digsilent PowerFactory software in order
to investigate the effect of series capacitor on loading of long transmission
lines, transient stability of the network and operation of distance protection
relays. Load flow and short circuit analysis were performed on the test system.
The advantages and disadvantages of the series capacitors on the transmission
system were investigated.
Kaynakça
- Saadat H. Power System Analysis. 5th ed. New York, USA, McGraw-Hill, 1999.
- De Kock J, Strauss C. Practical Power Distribution for Industry. 1st ed. Burlington, USA, Newnes Press, 2004.
- Miller J, Watson MB. “Review of Series Compensation for Transmission Lines”. PSC Consulting Technical Report, JU4715, 2014.
- Gencer ÖÖ. Seri Kompanzasyon Sistemlerinin Geçici Hal Kararlılığına Etkilerinin Örnek Bir Sistem Üzerinde İncelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Kocaeli Üniversitesi, Kocaeli, Türkiye, 2002.
- Grünbaum R, Halvarsson P, Jones P. “Series Compensation for Increased Power Transmission Capacity”. 5th IET International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives, Brighton, UK, 19-21 April 2010.
- Lee HJ, Kim SH, Hur K, Choi JS, Oh HJ, Lee BJ, Chow JH. “Integrating TCSC to enhance transmission capability and security: Feasibility studies for korean electric power system”. Power and Energy Society General Meeting, Boston, USA, 17-21 July 2016.
- Zellagui M, Chaghi A. “Impact of series compensation (SC) on the MHO distance relay in algerian 220 kV transmission line”. Canadian Journal on Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 2(6), 181-189, 2011.
- Vyas B, Maheshwari RP, Das B. “Protection of series compensated transmission line: issues and state of art”. Electric Power System Research, 107, 93-108, 2014.
- Kumar BSA, Parthasarathy K, Prabhakara FS, Khincha HP. “Effectiveness of series capacitors in long distance transmission lines”. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems. 5, 941-951, 1970.
- Ziegler G. Numerical Distance Protection: Principles and Applications. 4th ed. Erlangen, Germany, Publicis Publishing, 2011.
- Glover JD, Sarma MS, Overbye TJ. Power System Analysis and Design. 5th ed. Stamford, USA, 2011.
- Özevin E. Elektrik Güç Sistemlerinde Hatların Kısa Devre ve Güç Salınımına Karşı Nümerik Mesafe Röleleri ile Korunmasının İncelenmesi ve Dinamik Simülasyonunun Gerçekleştirilmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Türkiye, 2015.
- Altuve HJ, Mooney JB, Alexander GE. “Advances in series-compensated line protection”. 62nd Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers, Texas, USA, 30 March-2 April 2009.
- Jamali S, Kazemi A, Shateri H. “Distance relay over-reaching due to installation of TCSC on next lines”. IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics. Montreal, Canada, 9-13 July 2006.
- Bakie E, Westhoff C. “Voltage and current inversion challenges when protecting series-compensated lines-a case study”. 69th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers, Texas, USA, 4-7 April 2016.
- Jamali S, Kazemi A, Shateri H. “Voltage inversion due to presence of TCSC on adjacent lines in inter phase faults and distance relay mal-operation”. 43rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference. 1-4 September 2008.
- Digsilent Power System Software and Engineering. “AdvancesFeatures”. https://www.digsilent.de/en/protection-functions.html (22.01.2018).
- Kundur P. Power System Stability and Control. 1st ed.New York, USA, McGraw-Hill, 1994.