Meteorolojik kuraklık analizi ve yeraltı suyu değişimleri üzerindeki etkileri, Marand Ovası (Iran) örneği

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 6, 711 - 717, 25.11.2019

Behnam Khorrami , Orhan Gündüz

Öz

Meteorolojik kuraklık,
spesifik bir kuraklık türü olarak, bir bölgede yağışın uzun vadeli
ortalamalardan daha az olması durumunda ortaya çıkmaktadır. Yeraltı sularında
gözlemlenen bu olayın tehlikeli etkilerinden biri, kuraklıklara tepki olarak su
seviyesinin düşmesidir. Bu çalışmada, iklimsel ve yeraltı suyu verileri,
aralarındaki muhtemel ilişkiyi anlamak için son yıllarda kuzeybatı İran’da
Marand ovasında yer alan eğilimlerini analiz etmek için kullanılmıştır. Buna
göre, ilk olarak yeraltı suyu seviyesi verileri analiz edilmiş ve zamansal
eğilimleri çıkarılmıştır. Daha sonra bölgenin iklimsel durumunu anlamak için
Ombrotermik diyagramı kullanılmıştır. Son olarak kuraklık indeksi (SPI) ile
kuraklık analizleri yapılmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre, yeraltı
suyu seviyesinin hem aylık hem de yıllık değişimlerinde azalış eğilimi tespit
edilmiştir. Ayrıca, bölgede Mayıs ve Ekim ayları arasındaki periyodun kurak
geçtiği ve bölgenin kısmen kuru bir iklime sahip olduğu da tespit edilmiştir.
SPI değerleri bölgenin 2001 ve 2002 yıllarında ve genel olarak Temmuz ve
Haziran ayları arasında oldukça kurak dönemler geçirdiğini göstermiştir.
Yeraltı suyu seviyesi ve SPI değerlerinin ortak analizi, kuraklığın etkilerinin
yeraltı suyu seviyesi değişikliklerinde belirgin olduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır.
Buna göre, bölgenin yeraltı suyu değişimlerinin çoğunlukla aylık kuraklıklarla
ilişkili olduğu ve su seviyesinin beklenen şekilde ıslak ve kurak aylara tepki
verdiği tespit edilmiştir. Ancak, aynı zamanda, çalışma alanının yeraltı suyu
seviyesindeki yıllık değişikliklerinin, kuraklık dönemleriyle doğrudan ilişkili
olmadığı ve bu olguda diğer faktörlerin de etkili olabileceği ortaya koymuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yeraltısuyu değişimleri, CBS, Kuraklık, Marand ovası, İran

Analyses of meteorological drought and its impacts on groundwater fluctuations, a case study: Marand Plain (Iran)

Öz

Meteorological drought
is one specific type of drought that occurs when precipitation is less than the
long-term averages in a particular area. One of the hazardous impacts of this
phenomenon observed on subsurface waters is the decline of water level in response
to droughts. In this study, the climatic and groundwater data were used to
analyze their trends in Marand plain, NW Iran, over the past decades to
understand the likely relationship between them. To this, groundwater level
data were first analyzed and its temporal trends were extracted. Then, the
climatic condition of the region studied using the Ombrothermic diagram.
Finally, drought analyses were conducted through drought index (SPI). Based on
the results of the study, a descending trend was detected in both monthly and
annual fluctuations of the groundwater level. It's also found that the region
had a partially dry climate with a period of dry months between May and
October. The SPI values showed extremely dry periods in 2001 and 2002 and
months of July and June during the study period. The joint analysis of
groundwater level and SPI values revealed that the impacts of drought were
evident on groundwater level changes. Accordingly, the region's groundwater
fluctuations found to be mostly under the control of monthly droughts where
water level responds to wet and dry months in an expected manner. However, it's
also found that the yearly changes in the groundwater level of the study area
were not directly correlated to drought periods, suggesting that other factors
might be effective in this phenomenon.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Groundwater fluctuations, GIS, Drought, Marand plain, Iran

Kaynakça

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