Investigation of properties of almond shell waste-filled epoxy biocomposites

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 5, 546 - 552, 31.10.2023

Nimet Özmeral Süheyla Kocaman , Ülkü Soydal , Gülnare Ahmetli

Öz

In this study, almond shell waste (ASW) as filling material, pure (ER), and waste polystyrene modified bisphenol-A type epoxy resin (ER-PS) were used to obtain biobased composite materials. The modification of ASW was carried out with NaOH and linoleic acid (LnA). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Particle size distribution analyses were used in the characterization of ASW. Composites were prepared at filling ratios of 10-20-30-40-50% by mass using the casting technique. The morphology of the composites was characterized by SEM. The effects of epoxy matrix type and BK filling ratio on composites' mechanical, thermal, and water sorption properties were investigated. Tensile strength and modulus of elasticity (e-modulus) values of ERPS/ASW composites were lower, and tensile elongation values were higher than ER/ASW composites. The highest tensile strength values of 95-129 MPa were obtained for LnA modified ASW composites. The order of the tensile strength of the prepared ER matrix composites according to the filler type is: linoleic acid-modified ASW (LnA-ASW)>NaOH treated ASW (NaOH-ASW) > unmodified ASW. The most suitable ASW ratio was found as 30% by mass. e-modulus values of all modified ASW composites were higher than the epoxy matrix. According to the hardness test results, there was no significant difference between the composites. The water sorption of the composites increased depending on the ASW ratio and had a weakening effect on the mechanical properties.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Almond shell, Modification, Epoxy resin, Composite

Badem kabuğu atığı dolgulu epoksi biyokompozit özelliklerinin incelenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada biyobazlı kompozit malzeme elde etmek için dolgu malzemesi olarak badem kabuğu atığı (BK), saf (ER) ve atık polistirenle modifiye bisfenol-A tipi epoksi reçine (ER-PS) kullanılmıştır. BK'nin modifikasyonu, NaOH ve linoleik asit (LnA) ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. BK'nin karakterizasyonunda Fourier dönüşümlü kızılötesi spektroskopisi (FT-IR), taramalı elektron mikroskopisi (SEM), termogravimetrik analiz (TGA) ve partikül boyut dağılım analizleri kullanılmıştır. Kompozitler, döküm tekniği kullanılarak kütlece %10-20-30-40-50 dolgu oranlarında hazırlanmıştır. Kompozitlerin morfolojisi SEM ile karakterize edilmiştir. Epoksi matris tipi ve BK dolgu oranının kompozitlerin mekanik, termal ve su sorpsiyonu özelliklerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. ER-PS/BK kompozitlerinin çekme mukavemeti ve elastise modül (e-modül) değerleri daha düşük, çekme uzama değerleri ise ER/BK kompozitlerine göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur. En yüksek çekme dayanımı değerleri (95-129 MPa) LnA ile modifiye BK kompozitleri için elde edilmiştir. Hazırlanan ER matrisli kompozitlerin dolgu tipine göre çekme mukavemetleri sırası ile: linoleik asit ile modifiye edilmiş BK (LnA-BK) > NaOH ile muamele edilmiş BK (NaOHBK) > modifiye edilmemiş BK’dir. En uygun BK oranı kütlece %30 olarak belirlenmiştir. Tüm modifiye BK kompozitlerinin e-modül değerleri epoksi matristen daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Sertlik testi sonuçlarına göre kompozitler arasında önemli bir fark belirlenmemiştir. Kompozitlerin su sorpsiyonu BK oranına bağlı olarak artmış ve mekanik özellikleri zayıflatıcı yönde etki etmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Badem kabuğu, Modifikasyon, Epoksi reçine, Kompozit

Kaynakça

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