Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

THE ROLE OF PUBLIC DIPLOMACY IN SELF-DETERMINATION MOVEMENTS: THE CASE OF CATALONIA

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 39, 239 - 253, 14.04.2020
https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.677318

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Adelman, K. L. (1980). “Speaking of America: Public Diplomacy in Our Time”, Foreign Affairs, 59/4/5, 913-936.
  • Alexander, C. (2014). “Sub-state public diplomacy in Africa: The case of the Scottish government’s engagement with Malawi”, Place Branding and Public Diplomacy,10/1, 70–86.
  • Amerson, R. (1995). How democracy triumphed over dictatorship: public diplomacy in Venezuela, Washington D.C., American University Press.
  • Ayhan, K. J. (2018). “The Boundaries of Public Diplomacy and Nonstate Actors: A Taxonomy of Perspectives”, International Studies Perspectives, 20/1, 63–83.
  • Berridge, G. R. (2010). Diplomacy Theory and Practice, New York, Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Birch, A. H. (1984). “Another Liberal Theory of Secession”, Political Studies, 32, 596-602.
  • Borgen, C. J. (2009). “The Language of Law and the Practice of Politics: Great Powers and the Rhetoric of Self- Determination in the Cases of Kosovo and South Ossetia”, Chicago Journal of International Law, 10/1, 1-33.
  • Buchanan, A. (1997). “Theories of Secession”, Philosophy and Public Affairs, 26/1, 30-61.
  • Buhari Gülmez, D. (2016). “Autonomy, Self-determination and Agency in a Global Context”, ProtoSociology, 33, 155-157.
  • Catalan News (2014). FC Barcelona publicly supports Catalonia’s self-determination, following leading Catalan sportsmen. (04.01.2020) http://www.catalannews.com/politics/item/fc-barcelona-publicly-supports-catalonia-s-self-determination-following-leading-catalan-sportsmen.
  • Catalan News (2017a). Catalonia celebrates St Jordi's Day with books, roses and signatures for the referendum. (04.01.2020) http://www.catalannews.com/culture/item/catalonia-celebrates-st-george-day-with-books-roses-and-signatures-for-the-referendum.
  • Catalan News (2017b). Two Japanese universities debate self-determination in Catalonia. (04.01.2020) http://www.catalannews.com/society-science/item/two-japanese-universities-debate-self-determination-in-catalonia.
  • Catalan News (2019). Scandinavian countries to vote on 'promoting dialogue' in Catalonia. (04.01.2020) http://www.catalannews.com/politics/item/scandinavian-countries-to-vote-on-promoting-dialogue-in-catalonia.
  • Centre d'Estudis d'Opinió (2014). (04.01.2020) http://ceo.gencat.cat/ca/barometre/.
  • Chadwick, S. (2017). FC Barcelona and the Catalan struggle for independence. (04.01.2020) https://theconversation.com/fc-barcelona-and-the-catalan-struggle-for-independence-85016.
  • Cherribi, S. (2009). “US public diplomacy in the Arab world: Responses to Al-Jazeera's interview with Karen Hughes”, American Behavioral Scientist, 52/5, 755-771.
  • Christensen, T. J (2011). “The advantages of an assertive China: responding to Beijing's abrasive diplomacy”, Foreign Affairs, March/April.
  • Cornago, N. (2010). “On the Normalization of Sub-State Diplomacy”, Regional Sub-State Diplomacy Today (Ed: D. Criekemans), Antwerp, BRILL.
  • Cornago, N. (2018). “Paradiplomacy and Protodiplomacy”, The Encyclopedia of Diplomacy, (Ed: G. Martel), Oxford, Wiley.
  • Criekemans, D. (2010). “Regional sub-state diplomacy from a comparative perspective: Quebec, Scotland, Bavaria, Catalonia, Wallonia and Flanders”, Regional Sub-State Diplomacy Today (Ed: D. Criekemans), Antwerp, BRILL.
  • Criekemans, D. (2018). “The Diplomatic Activities of Regional Sub-state Entities: Towards a Multilevel Diplomacy?”, Borders and Margins: Federalism, Devolution and Multi-Level Governance, (Ed: G. Lachapelle ve P. Onate), Opladen, Barbara Budrich Publishers.
  • Criekemans, D. ve Duran, M (2010). “Small State Diplomacy Compared to Sub-State Diplomacy: More of the Same or Different?”, Small States in Europe Challenges and Opportunities, (Ed: R. Steinmetz ve A. Wivel), Farnham, Ashgate.
  • Cull, N. J. (2008). “Public Diplomacy: Taxonomies and Histories”, The Annals of the Academy of Political and Social Science, 616/31, 31-54.
  • Cull, N. J. (2009). “Public diplomacy before Gullion: The evolution of a phrase”, The Routledge Handbook of Public Diplomacy, (Ed: N. Snow ve P. Taylor), Londra, Routledge.
  • Cull, N. J.(2010a). “Speeding the Strange Death of American Public Diplomacy: The George H.W. Bush Administration and the US Information Agency”, Diplomatic History, 34/1, 47-69.
  • Cull, N. J. (2010b). “Public diplomacy: Seven lessons for its future from its past”, Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 6/1, 11-17.
  • Dasgupta, S. (2017). Total Footballer, Total Rebel: Johan Cruyff and The Resurgence of Catalonian Pride. 04.01.2020 https://www.vice.com/en_asia/article/ywb3zj/total-footballer-total-rebel-johan-cruyff-and-the-resurgence-of-catalonian-pride.
  • D'Hooghe, I. (2015). China's public diplomacy, Leiden, BRILL.
  • Dutta-Bergman, M. J. (2006). “US public diplomacy in the Middle East: A critical cultural approach”, Journal of Communication Inquiry, 30/2, 102-124.
  • FC Barcelona (2014). FC Barcelona sign Catalan National Pact for Self-Determination. 04.01.2020 https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/1118558/fc-barcelona-sign-catalan-national-pact-for-self-determination#.
  • France 24 (2019). Catalan separatists' trial a 'test for Spanish democracy', says Puigdemont. 04.01.2020 https://www.france24.com/en/20190212-catalan-separatists-trial-test-democracy-spain-puigdemont.
  • Gonzalez, M. (2019). Catalan exiles Toni Comín and Clara Ponsatí appear at Venice Biennale. 04.01.2020 https://www.elnacional.cat/en/politics/comin-ponsati-venice-biennial_383443_102.html.
  • Gregory, B. (2008). “Public Diplomacy: Sunrise Of An Academic Field”, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 616/1, 274-286.
  • Hayward, B. (2017). Behind the Barcelona Chaos. 04.01.2020 https://www.goal.com/story/behind-the-barcelona-chaos-catalan-club-matters-beyond-football/.
  • Huijgh, E. (2010). “The public diplomacy of federated entities: Examining the Quebec model”, Regional Sub-State Diplomacy Today, (Ed: D. Criekemans), Antwerp, BRILL.
  • Huijgh, E. (2016). “Public Diplomacy”, The Sage Handbook Of Diplomacy, (Ed: C. M. Constantinou, P. Kerr ve P. Sharp), Londra, SAGE.
  • Jiménez, A. Q. (2014). The Catalan Question and the Spanish Constitutional Court. 04.01.2020 https://verfassungsblog.de/catalan-question-spanish-constitutional-court/.
  • Kelley, J. R. (2009). “Between ‘Take-Offs’ and ‘Crash Landings’: Situational Aspects of Public Diplomacy”, The Routledge Handbook of Public Diplomacy, (Ed: N. Snow ve P. Taylor), Londra, Routledge.
  • Ker-Lindsay, J. (2012). The Foreign Policy of Counter Secession: Preventing the Recognition of Contested States, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
  • Kunczik, M. ve Weber, U. (1994). “Public Diplomacy and Public Relations: Advertisements ot foreign countries in Germany: results of a content analysis”, Journal of International Communication, 1/2, 18-40.
  • Kuper, S. (2014). Futbol Asla Sadece Futbol Değildir, (Çev: S. Gürtunca). 5. Baskı, İthaki Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Lasalas, M. (2018). Puigdemont in Copenhagen: "In Catalonia, democracy in the whole of Europe is at stake. 04.01.2020 https://www.elnacional.cat/en/news/puigdemont-copenhague-debate_231648_102.html.
  • Manheim, J. B. (1994). “Strategic public diplomacy: Managing Kuwait's image during the Gulf conflict”, Taken by the storm: The media, public opinion and U.S. foreign policy in the Gulf War, (Ed: W. L. Bennet ve D. L. Paletz), Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
  • McConnell, F., Moreau, T. ve Dittmer, J. (2012). “Mimicking state diplomacy: The legitimizing strategies of unofficial diplomacies”, Geoforum, 43/4, 804-814.
  • Melissen, J. (2005). “The New Public Diplomacy: Between Theory and Practice”, The New Public Diplomacy: Soft Power in International Relations, (Ed: J. Melissen), New York, Palgrave.
  • Milliyet (2019). Barcelona'dan Gelen Selam Barça Köyünü Mutlu Etti. 04.01.2020 http://www.milliyet.com.tr/barcelona-dan-gelen-selam-barca-koyu-giresun-yerelhaber-3228902/.
  • Moffett, M. (2019). In Far-Flung Corners of the World, Catalan Secessionists Push for Support for Independence From Spain. 04.01.2020 https://www.wsj.com/articles/in-far-flung-corners-of-the-world-catalan-secessionists-push-for-support-for-independence-from-spain-1453021029.
  • Nelles, W. (2004). “American public diplomacy as pseudo-education: A problematic national security and counter-terrorism instrument”, International Politics, 41/1, 65–93.
  • Porte, T. (2012). “The Impact of 'Intermestic' Non-State Actors on the Conceptual Framework of Public Diplomacy”, The Hague Journal of Diplomacy, 7/4, 441-458.
  • Rofe, J. S. (2014). “It is a squad game: Manchester United as a diplomatic non-state actor in international affairs”, Sport in Society, 17/9, 1136-1154.
  • Roth, L. W. (1984). “Public diplomacy and the past: the search for an American style propaganda (1952-1977)”, Fletcher Forum Of World Affairs, 8/21, 353-396.
  • San Eugenio, J. ve Xifra, J. (2015). “International representation strategies for stateless nations: The case of Catalonia’s cultural diplomacy”, Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 11/1, 83–96.
  • San Eugenio, J., Ginesta, X. ve Xifra, J (2017). “Catalonia’s public diplomacy and media relations strategy: A case study of the Eugeni Xammar Programme of International Communication and Public Relations”, International Public Relations: Perspectives from deeply divided societies, (Ed: I. Somerville, O. Hargie, M. Taylor ve M. Toledano), New York, Routledge.
  • Segura, C. G. (2017). “Sub-state Diplomacy: Catalonia’s External Action amidst the Quest for State Sovereignty”, International Negotiation, 22, 344–373.
  • Sevin, E. (2017). Public Diplomacy and the Implementation of Foreign Policy in the US, Sweden and Turkey, New York, Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Snow, N. (2009). “Rethinking Public Diplomacy”, The Routledge Handbook of Public Diplomacy, (Ed: N. Snow ve P. Taylor), Londra, Routledge.
  • The Guardian (2017). Pep Guardiola joins call for referendum on Catalan independence. 04.01.2020 https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jun/11/pep-guardiola-referendum-catalan-independence-barcelona-rally.
  • The Institut Ramon Llull (2019a). The American anthropologist Kathryn Woolard to be awarded the 26th Ramon Llull International Prize. 04.01.2020 https://www.llull.cat/english/actualitat/actualitat_premsa_detall.cfm?id=33471veurl=the-american-anthropologist-kathryn-woolard-to-be-awarded-26th-ramon-llull-international-prize.html.
  • The Institut Ramon Llull (2019b). The linguist Jon Landaburu will receive the XXVII Ramon Llull International Prize for Catalan Linguistics and Linguistic Diversity. 04.01.2020 https://www.llull.cat/english/actualitat/actualitat_premsa_detall.cfm?id=34466veurl=the-linguist-jon-landaburu-will-receive-xxvii-ramon-llull-international-prize-for-catalan-linguistics-and-linguistic-diversity-.html.
  • The Institut Ramon Llull (2019c). Professor and translator Ko Tazawa, winner of the 29th Ramon Llull International Prize for Catalan Studies and Cultural Diversity. 04.01.2020 https://www.llull.cat/english/actualitat/actualitat_premsa_detall.cfm?id=36913veurl=professor-and-translator-ko-tazawa-winner-of-29th-ramon-llull-international-prize-for-catalan-studies-and-cultural-diversity-.html.
  • Torras-Vila, J. ve Fernandez-Cavia, J. (2018). “DIPLOCAT’s public diplomacy role and the perceptions towards Catalonia among international correspondents”, Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 14/3, 213–222.
  • Tuch, H. N. (1990). Communicating With the World: U.S. Public Policy Overseas, New York, St. Martin’s Press.
  • University of Vaasa (2018). Professor Christer Laurén will receive the 28th Ramon Llull International Prize for Catalan Linguistics and Linguistic Diversity. 04.01.2020 https://www.univaasa.fi/en/news/lauren/.
  • Wang, J. (2011). Soft power in China: Public diplomacy through communication, New York, Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Webster, D. (2007/2008). “History, Nation and Narrative in East Timor's Truth Commission Report”, Pacific Affairs, 80/4, 581-591.
  • Wittenberg, D. (2019). Puigdemont to visit London, Berlin and Ljubljana during EU election campaign. 04.01.2020 http://www.catalannews.com/politics/item/puigdemont-to-visit-london-berlin-and-ljubljana-during-eu-election-campaign.
  • Xifra, J. (2009). “Catalan public diplomacy, soft power, and noopolitik: A public relations approach to Catalonia’s governance”, Catalan Journal of Communication and Cultural Studies, 1/1, 67-85.
  • Xifra, J. ve Mckie, D. (2012). “From realpolitik to noopolitik: The public relations of (stateless) nations in an information age”, Public Relations Review, 38, 819-824.
  • Zaharna, R. S. (2010). Battles to Bridges: US Strategic Communication and Public Diplomacy after 9/11, New York, Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Zhao, K. (2015). “The motivation behind China's public diplomacy”, The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 8/2, 167–196.
  • Zhu, Z. (2016). China's new diplomacy: Rationale, strategies and significance, London, Routledge.

SELF-DETERMİNASYON HAREKETLERİNDE KAMU DİPLOMASİSİNİN ROLÜ: KATALONYA ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 39, 239 - 253, 14.04.2020
https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.677318

Öz

Bu çalışma self-determinasyon hareketlerinde kamu diplomasisinin nasıl uygulandığını ve bu uygulamaların bağımsızlık sürecine ne derece etki ettiğini incelemektedir. Bu soruya geçerli bir yanıt bulmak amacıyla, çalışma güncel self-determinasyon vakası olan Katalonya mercek altına alınacaktır. Bu amaçla, İlk bölümde akademik literatürdeki kamu diplomasisi çalışmaları üzerine kapsamlı bir inceleme yapılacak, özellikle kamu diplomasisi literatürünün self-determinasyon bağlamında gözden kaçırdıkları detaylıca tartışılacaktır. İkinci bölümde referandum sürecinde bağımsızlık yanlısı Katalanların yaptığı kapsamlı kamu diplomasisi faaliyetlerine odaklanılacaktır. Katalanların self-determinasyon amaçlı sürdürdükleri kamu diplomasisi faaliyetleri resmi kanallar ve popüler kanallar olmak üzere iki temel kategoriye ayrılmaktadır. Her iki kategoride de hem bireyler hem de kurumlae önemli birer kamu diplomasisi aktörü olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Sonuç bölümünde de Katalonya örneğinden yola çıkılarak self-determinasyon bağlamında uygulanan kamu diplomasisi stratejilerinin ne derece etkili olduğu sorusuna yanıt aranacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Adelman, K. L. (1980). “Speaking of America: Public Diplomacy in Our Time”, Foreign Affairs, 59/4/5, 913-936.
  • Alexander, C. (2014). “Sub-state public diplomacy in Africa: The case of the Scottish government’s engagement with Malawi”, Place Branding and Public Diplomacy,10/1, 70–86.
  • Amerson, R. (1995). How democracy triumphed over dictatorship: public diplomacy in Venezuela, Washington D.C., American University Press.
  • Ayhan, K. J. (2018). “The Boundaries of Public Diplomacy and Nonstate Actors: A Taxonomy of Perspectives”, International Studies Perspectives, 20/1, 63–83.
  • Berridge, G. R. (2010). Diplomacy Theory and Practice, New York, Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Birch, A. H. (1984). “Another Liberal Theory of Secession”, Political Studies, 32, 596-602.
  • Borgen, C. J. (2009). “The Language of Law and the Practice of Politics: Great Powers and the Rhetoric of Self- Determination in the Cases of Kosovo and South Ossetia”, Chicago Journal of International Law, 10/1, 1-33.
  • Buchanan, A. (1997). “Theories of Secession”, Philosophy and Public Affairs, 26/1, 30-61.
  • Buhari Gülmez, D. (2016). “Autonomy, Self-determination and Agency in a Global Context”, ProtoSociology, 33, 155-157.
  • Catalan News (2014). FC Barcelona publicly supports Catalonia’s self-determination, following leading Catalan sportsmen. (04.01.2020) http://www.catalannews.com/politics/item/fc-barcelona-publicly-supports-catalonia-s-self-determination-following-leading-catalan-sportsmen.
  • Catalan News (2017a). Catalonia celebrates St Jordi's Day with books, roses and signatures for the referendum. (04.01.2020) http://www.catalannews.com/culture/item/catalonia-celebrates-st-george-day-with-books-roses-and-signatures-for-the-referendum.
  • Catalan News (2017b). Two Japanese universities debate self-determination in Catalonia. (04.01.2020) http://www.catalannews.com/society-science/item/two-japanese-universities-debate-self-determination-in-catalonia.
  • Catalan News (2019). Scandinavian countries to vote on 'promoting dialogue' in Catalonia. (04.01.2020) http://www.catalannews.com/politics/item/scandinavian-countries-to-vote-on-promoting-dialogue-in-catalonia.
  • Centre d'Estudis d'Opinió (2014). (04.01.2020) http://ceo.gencat.cat/ca/barometre/.
  • Chadwick, S. (2017). FC Barcelona and the Catalan struggle for independence. (04.01.2020) https://theconversation.com/fc-barcelona-and-the-catalan-struggle-for-independence-85016.
  • Cherribi, S. (2009). “US public diplomacy in the Arab world: Responses to Al-Jazeera's interview with Karen Hughes”, American Behavioral Scientist, 52/5, 755-771.
  • Christensen, T. J (2011). “The advantages of an assertive China: responding to Beijing's abrasive diplomacy”, Foreign Affairs, March/April.
  • Cornago, N. (2010). “On the Normalization of Sub-State Diplomacy”, Regional Sub-State Diplomacy Today (Ed: D. Criekemans), Antwerp, BRILL.
  • Cornago, N. (2018). “Paradiplomacy and Protodiplomacy”, The Encyclopedia of Diplomacy, (Ed: G. Martel), Oxford, Wiley.
  • Criekemans, D. (2010). “Regional sub-state diplomacy from a comparative perspective: Quebec, Scotland, Bavaria, Catalonia, Wallonia and Flanders”, Regional Sub-State Diplomacy Today (Ed: D. Criekemans), Antwerp, BRILL.
  • Criekemans, D. (2018). “The Diplomatic Activities of Regional Sub-state Entities: Towards a Multilevel Diplomacy?”, Borders and Margins: Federalism, Devolution and Multi-Level Governance, (Ed: G. Lachapelle ve P. Onate), Opladen, Barbara Budrich Publishers.
  • Criekemans, D. ve Duran, M (2010). “Small State Diplomacy Compared to Sub-State Diplomacy: More of the Same or Different?”, Small States in Europe Challenges and Opportunities, (Ed: R. Steinmetz ve A. Wivel), Farnham, Ashgate.
  • Cull, N. J. (2008). “Public Diplomacy: Taxonomies and Histories”, The Annals of the Academy of Political and Social Science, 616/31, 31-54.
  • Cull, N. J. (2009). “Public diplomacy before Gullion: The evolution of a phrase”, The Routledge Handbook of Public Diplomacy, (Ed: N. Snow ve P. Taylor), Londra, Routledge.
  • Cull, N. J.(2010a). “Speeding the Strange Death of American Public Diplomacy: The George H.W. Bush Administration and the US Information Agency”, Diplomatic History, 34/1, 47-69.
  • Cull, N. J. (2010b). “Public diplomacy: Seven lessons for its future from its past”, Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 6/1, 11-17.
  • Dasgupta, S. (2017). Total Footballer, Total Rebel: Johan Cruyff and The Resurgence of Catalonian Pride. 04.01.2020 https://www.vice.com/en_asia/article/ywb3zj/total-footballer-total-rebel-johan-cruyff-and-the-resurgence-of-catalonian-pride.
  • D'Hooghe, I. (2015). China's public diplomacy, Leiden, BRILL.
  • Dutta-Bergman, M. J. (2006). “US public diplomacy in the Middle East: A critical cultural approach”, Journal of Communication Inquiry, 30/2, 102-124.
  • FC Barcelona (2014). FC Barcelona sign Catalan National Pact for Self-Determination. 04.01.2020 https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/1118558/fc-barcelona-sign-catalan-national-pact-for-self-determination#.
  • France 24 (2019). Catalan separatists' trial a 'test for Spanish democracy', says Puigdemont. 04.01.2020 https://www.france24.com/en/20190212-catalan-separatists-trial-test-democracy-spain-puigdemont.
  • Gonzalez, M. (2019). Catalan exiles Toni Comín and Clara Ponsatí appear at Venice Biennale. 04.01.2020 https://www.elnacional.cat/en/politics/comin-ponsati-venice-biennial_383443_102.html.
  • Gregory, B. (2008). “Public Diplomacy: Sunrise Of An Academic Field”, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 616/1, 274-286.
  • Hayward, B. (2017). Behind the Barcelona Chaos. 04.01.2020 https://www.goal.com/story/behind-the-barcelona-chaos-catalan-club-matters-beyond-football/.
  • Huijgh, E. (2010). “The public diplomacy of federated entities: Examining the Quebec model”, Regional Sub-State Diplomacy Today, (Ed: D. Criekemans), Antwerp, BRILL.
  • Huijgh, E. (2016). “Public Diplomacy”, The Sage Handbook Of Diplomacy, (Ed: C. M. Constantinou, P. Kerr ve P. Sharp), Londra, SAGE.
  • Jiménez, A. Q. (2014). The Catalan Question and the Spanish Constitutional Court. 04.01.2020 https://verfassungsblog.de/catalan-question-spanish-constitutional-court/.
  • Kelley, J. R. (2009). “Between ‘Take-Offs’ and ‘Crash Landings’: Situational Aspects of Public Diplomacy”, The Routledge Handbook of Public Diplomacy, (Ed: N. Snow ve P. Taylor), Londra, Routledge.
  • Ker-Lindsay, J. (2012). The Foreign Policy of Counter Secession: Preventing the Recognition of Contested States, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
  • Kunczik, M. ve Weber, U. (1994). “Public Diplomacy and Public Relations: Advertisements ot foreign countries in Germany: results of a content analysis”, Journal of International Communication, 1/2, 18-40.
  • Kuper, S. (2014). Futbol Asla Sadece Futbol Değildir, (Çev: S. Gürtunca). 5. Baskı, İthaki Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Lasalas, M. (2018). Puigdemont in Copenhagen: "In Catalonia, democracy in the whole of Europe is at stake. 04.01.2020 https://www.elnacional.cat/en/news/puigdemont-copenhague-debate_231648_102.html.
  • Manheim, J. B. (1994). “Strategic public diplomacy: Managing Kuwait's image during the Gulf conflict”, Taken by the storm: The media, public opinion and U.S. foreign policy in the Gulf War, (Ed: W. L. Bennet ve D. L. Paletz), Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
  • McConnell, F., Moreau, T. ve Dittmer, J. (2012). “Mimicking state diplomacy: The legitimizing strategies of unofficial diplomacies”, Geoforum, 43/4, 804-814.
  • Melissen, J. (2005). “The New Public Diplomacy: Between Theory and Practice”, The New Public Diplomacy: Soft Power in International Relations, (Ed: J. Melissen), New York, Palgrave.
  • Milliyet (2019). Barcelona'dan Gelen Selam Barça Köyünü Mutlu Etti. 04.01.2020 http://www.milliyet.com.tr/barcelona-dan-gelen-selam-barca-koyu-giresun-yerelhaber-3228902/.
  • Moffett, M. (2019). In Far-Flung Corners of the World, Catalan Secessionists Push for Support for Independence From Spain. 04.01.2020 https://www.wsj.com/articles/in-far-flung-corners-of-the-world-catalan-secessionists-push-for-support-for-independence-from-spain-1453021029.
  • Nelles, W. (2004). “American public diplomacy as pseudo-education: A problematic national security and counter-terrorism instrument”, International Politics, 41/1, 65–93.
  • Porte, T. (2012). “The Impact of 'Intermestic' Non-State Actors on the Conceptual Framework of Public Diplomacy”, The Hague Journal of Diplomacy, 7/4, 441-458.
  • Rofe, J. S. (2014). “It is a squad game: Manchester United as a diplomatic non-state actor in international affairs”, Sport in Society, 17/9, 1136-1154.
  • Roth, L. W. (1984). “Public diplomacy and the past: the search for an American style propaganda (1952-1977)”, Fletcher Forum Of World Affairs, 8/21, 353-396.
  • San Eugenio, J. ve Xifra, J. (2015). “International representation strategies for stateless nations: The case of Catalonia’s cultural diplomacy”, Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 11/1, 83–96.
  • San Eugenio, J., Ginesta, X. ve Xifra, J (2017). “Catalonia’s public diplomacy and media relations strategy: A case study of the Eugeni Xammar Programme of International Communication and Public Relations”, International Public Relations: Perspectives from deeply divided societies, (Ed: I. Somerville, O. Hargie, M. Taylor ve M. Toledano), New York, Routledge.
  • Segura, C. G. (2017). “Sub-state Diplomacy: Catalonia’s External Action amidst the Quest for State Sovereignty”, International Negotiation, 22, 344–373.
  • Sevin, E. (2017). Public Diplomacy and the Implementation of Foreign Policy in the US, Sweden and Turkey, New York, Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Snow, N. (2009). “Rethinking Public Diplomacy”, The Routledge Handbook of Public Diplomacy, (Ed: N. Snow ve P. Taylor), Londra, Routledge.
  • The Guardian (2017). Pep Guardiola joins call for referendum on Catalan independence. 04.01.2020 https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jun/11/pep-guardiola-referendum-catalan-independence-barcelona-rally.
  • The Institut Ramon Llull (2019a). The American anthropologist Kathryn Woolard to be awarded the 26th Ramon Llull International Prize. 04.01.2020 https://www.llull.cat/english/actualitat/actualitat_premsa_detall.cfm?id=33471veurl=the-american-anthropologist-kathryn-woolard-to-be-awarded-26th-ramon-llull-international-prize.html.
  • The Institut Ramon Llull (2019b). The linguist Jon Landaburu will receive the XXVII Ramon Llull International Prize for Catalan Linguistics and Linguistic Diversity. 04.01.2020 https://www.llull.cat/english/actualitat/actualitat_premsa_detall.cfm?id=34466veurl=the-linguist-jon-landaburu-will-receive-xxvii-ramon-llull-international-prize-for-catalan-linguistics-and-linguistic-diversity-.html.
  • The Institut Ramon Llull (2019c). Professor and translator Ko Tazawa, winner of the 29th Ramon Llull International Prize for Catalan Studies and Cultural Diversity. 04.01.2020 https://www.llull.cat/english/actualitat/actualitat_premsa_detall.cfm?id=36913veurl=professor-and-translator-ko-tazawa-winner-of-29th-ramon-llull-international-prize-for-catalan-studies-and-cultural-diversity-.html.
  • Torras-Vila, J. ve Fernandez-Cavia, J. (2018). “DIPLOCAT’s public diplomacy role and the perceptions towards Catalonia among international correspondents”, Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 14/3, 213–222.
  • Tuch, H. N. (1990). Communicating With the World: U.S. Public Policy Overseas, New York, St. Martin’s Press.
  • University of Vaasa (2018). Professor Christer Laurén will receive the 28th Ramon Llull International Prize for Catalan Linguistics and Linguistic Diversity. 04.01.2020 https://www.univaasa.fi/en/news/lauren/.
  • Wang, J. (2011). Soft power in China: Public diplomacy through communication, New York, Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Webster, D. (2007/2008). “History, Nation and Narrative in East Timor's Truth Commission Report”, Pacific Affairs, 80/4, 581-591.
  • Wittenberg, D. (2019). Puigdemont to visit London, Berlin and Ljubljana during EU election campaign. 04.01.2020 http://www.catalannews.com/politics/item/puigdemont-to-visit-london-berlin-and-ljubljana-during-eu-election-campaign.
  • Xifra, J. (2009). “Catalan public diplomacy, soft power, and noopolitik: A public relations approach to Catalonia’s governance”, Catalan Journal of Communication and Cultural Studies, 1/1, 67-85.
  • Xifra, J. ve Mckie, D. (2012). “From realpolitik to noopolitik: The public relations of (stateless) nations in an information age”, Public Relations Review, 38, 819-824.
  • Zaharna, R. S. (2010). Battles to Bridges: US Strategic Communication and Public Diplomacy after 9/11, New York, Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Zhao, K. (2015). “The motivation behind China's public diplomacy”, The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 8/2, 167–196.
  • Zhu, Z. (2016). China's new diplomacy: Rationale, strategies and significance, London, Routledge.
Toplam 71 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Siyaset Bilimi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Seçkin Barış Gülmez 0000-0003-1690-1041

Eda Cebeci 0000-0002-3893-5149

Yayımlanma Tarihi 14 Nisan 2020
Kabul Tarihi 9 Mart 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Sayı: 39

Kaynak Göster

APA Gülmez, S. B., & Cebeci, E. (2020). SELF-DETERMİNASYON HAREKETLERİNDE KAMU DİPLOMASİSİNİN ROLÜ: KATALONYA ÖRNEĞİ. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(39), 239-253. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.677318
AMA Gülmez SB, Cebeci E. SELF-DETERMİNASYON HAREKETLERİNDE KAMU DİPLOMASİSİNİN ROLÜ: KATALONYA ÖRNEĞİ. PAUSBED. Nisan 2020;(39):239-253. doi:10.30794/pausbed.677318
Chicago Gülmez, Seçkin Barış, ve Eda Cebeci. “SELF-DETERMİNASYON HAREKETLERİNDE KAMU DİPLOMASİSİNİN ROLÜ: KATALONYA ÖRNEĞİ”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, sy. 39 (Nisan 2020): 239-53. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.677318.
EndNote Gülmez SB, Cebeci E (01 Nisan 2020) SELF-DETERMİNASYON HAREKETLERİNDE KAMU DİPLOMASİSİNİN ROLÜ: KATALONYA ÖRNEĞİ. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 39 239–253.
IEEE S. B. Gülmez ve E. Cebeci, “SELF-DETERMİNASYON HAREKETLERİNDE KAMU DİPLOMASİSİNİN ROLÜ: KATALONYA ÖRNEĞİ”, PAUSBED, sy. 39, ss. 239–253, Nisan 2020, doi: 10.30794/pausbed.677318.
ISNAD Gülmez, Seçkin Barış - Cebeci, Eda. “SELF-DETERMİNASYON HAREKETLERİNDE KAMU DİPLOMASİSİNİN ROLÜ: KATALONYA ÖRNEĞİ”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 39 (Nisan 2020), 239-253. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.677318.
JAMA Gülmez SB, Cebeci E. SELF-DETERMİNASYON HAREKETLERİNDE KAMU DİPLOMASİSİNİN ROLÜ: KATALONYA ÖRNEĞİ. PAUSBED. 2020;:239–253.
MLA Gülmez, Seçkin Barış ve Eda Cebeci. “SELF-DETERMİNASYON HAREKETLERİNDE KAMU DİPLOMASİSİNİN ROLÜ: KATALONYA ÖRNEĞİ”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, sy. 39, 2020, ss. 239-53, doi:10.30794/pausbed.677318.
Vancouver Gülmez SB, Cebeci E. SELF-DETERMİNASYON HAREKETLERİNDE KAMU DİPLOMASİSİNİN ROLÜ: KATALONYA ÖRNEĞİ. PAUSBED. 2020(39):239-53.

Cited By


SOSYAL BİLİMLERDE MAKALE YAZIMI ÜZERİNE
Pamukkale University Journal of Social Sciences Institute
Seçkin Barış GÜLMEZ
https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.808843