PARENTAL LEAVE IN THE CONTEXT OF GENDER EQUALITY

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 64, 381 - 407, 20.09.2024

Şafak Özkan

https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1478044

Öz

This research examines caregiving regimes within the context of Andersen's three welfare regimes, Leitner's four types of familism, and Leibfried's Southern European Welfare model, while evaluating the roles of families and family members in childcare from a gender perspective. The aim of the study is to analyze the historical development of childcare policies in countries with different welfare regimes, such as Germany, Sweden, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and Türkiye, and to demonstrate how these policies disadvantage women. To achieve this goal, international data from organizations such as the Council of Europe, the International Labour Organization (ILO), and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), as well as national official data, have been examined. In Germany, childcare, along with long and flexible parental leaves, is predominantly addressed within families, whereas in Sweden, it is mainly supported by public assistance. On the other hand, in Portugal, the United Kingdom, and Türkiye, childcare is generally perceived as a family responsibility, with this responsibility particularly falling on women.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gender Equality, Parental Leave, Welfare Regimes

TOPLUMSAL CİNSİYET EŞİTLİĞİ BAĞLAMINDA EBEVEYN İZİNLERİ

Öz

Bu araştırma, Andersen'in üçlü refah rejimleri, Leitner'in dört ailecilik tipi ve Leibfried'in Güney Avrupa Refah modeli bağlamında bakım rejimlerini incelerken, ailenin ve aile üyelerinin toplumsal cinsiyet perspektifinden çocuk bakımındaki rollerini değerlendirmektedir. Araştırmanın amacı, Almanya, İsveç, Portekiz, İngiltere ve Türkiye gibi farklı refah rejimlerine sahip ülkelerdeki çocuk bakımı politikalarının tarihsel gelişimini analiz etmek ve bu politikaların kadınları dezavantajlı bir konumda bıraktığını ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, Avrupa Konseyi, ILO (International Labour Organization), OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) gibi uluslararası veriler ve ulusal resmi veriler incelenmiştir. Almanya'da uzun ve esnek ebeveyn izinleriyle birlikte çocuk bakımı daha çok aile içinde ele alınırken, İsveç'te ise daha çok kamusal desteklerle sağlanmaktadır. Diğer yandan, Portekiz, İngiltere ve Türkiye'de çocuk bakımı genellikle aile içi bir sorumluluk olarak kabul edilmekte ve bu sorumluluk özellikle kadınlara yüklenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cinsiyet Eşitliği, Ebeveyn İzinleri, Refah Rejimleri

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