Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite
Year 2015, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 59 - 69, 30.08.2015
https://doi.org/10.17275/per.15.15.2.2

Abstract

References

  • Akbaba, S. (2009). Ahlak ve gelişimi. In Y. Özbay & S.Erkan (Eds.), Eğitim Psikolojisi (pp.165-203). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Akbulut, Y., & Erişti, B. (2011). Cyberbullying and victimization among Turkish university students. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 27(7), 1155-1170.
  • Akbulut, Y., Şahin, Y.L., & Erişti, B. (2010). Development of a scale to investigate cybervictimization among online social utility members. Contemporary Educational Technology, 1(1), 46-59.
  • Arıcak, O.T. (2009). Psychiatric symptomatology as a predictor of cyberbullying among university students. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 34, 167-184.
  • Arıcak, T., Siyahhan, S., Uzunhasanoğlu, A., Sarıbeyoğlu, S., Çıplak, S., Yılmaz, N., et al. (2008). Cyberbullying among Turkish adolescents. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 11(3), 253-262.
  • Bayram, N. (2010). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesine giriş amos uygulamalari. Bursa: Ezgi Kitabevi.
  • Beran, L., & Li, Q. (2007). The relationship between cyberbullying and school bullying. Journal of Student Wellbeing, 1, 15-33.
  • Brown, T.A. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Chen, F.F., Sousa, K.H., & West, S.G. (2005). Testing measurement invariance of secondorder factor models. Structural Equation Modeling, 12, 471-492.
  • Cheung, G.W., & Rensvold, R.B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing MI. Structural Equation Modeling, 9, 235-55.
  • Çetin, B. (2010). Cross-cultural structural parameter invariance on PISA 2006 student questionnaires. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 38, 71-89.
  • Çetin, B., Yaman, E., & Peker, A. (2011). Cyber victim and bullying scale: A study of validity and reliability. Computers & Education, 57(4), 2261-2271.
  • Çetin, B., Eroğlu, Y., Peker, A., Akbaba, S., & Pepsoy, S. (2012). The investigation of relationship among relational-interdependent self-construal, cyberbullying, and psychological disharmony in adolescents: An Investigation of Structural Equation Modelling. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 12(2), 646-653.
  • Dilmaç, B. (2009). Psychological needs as a predictor of cyber bullying: A preliminary report on college students. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 9, 1291-1325.
  • Dimitrov, D.M. (2010). Testing for factorial invariance in the context of construct validation. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 43, 121-149.
  • Erdur-Baker, Ö. (2010). Cyberbullying and its correlation to traditional bullying, gender, and frequent and risky usage of internet-mediated communication tools. New Media & Society, 12(1), 109-125.
  • Erdur-Baker, Ö., & Kavşut, F. (2007). Cyberbullying: A new face of peer bullying. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 27, 31-42.
  • Erdur-Baker, Ö., & Tanrıkulu, İ. (2009). Cyber bullying in Turkey: Its correlates and links to depressive symptoms. Journal of eHealth Techology and Application, 7, 16-23.
  • Eroğlu, Y. (2011). The investigation relationships among contingencies of self-worth, risky internet behaviors, and cyberbullying/cybervictimization. Unpublished master thesis, Sakarya University, Institute of Educational Sciences, Sakarya.
  • Eroğlu, Y., Çetin, B., Güler, N., Peker, A., & Pepsoy, S. (2011). From cybervictimization to coping ways of stress: Gender as moderator. Proceedings of EDULEARN11 Conference, 2699-2707.
  • Güzeller, C.O. (2011). A study of cross-cultural equivalence of computer attitude in PISA 2009 student questionnaire. Education and Science, 36, 320-327.
  • Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J.W. (2008). Cyberbullying: An exploratory analysis of factors related to offending to victimization. Deviant Behavior, 29, 129-156.
  • Hu, L., & Bentler, P.M. (2004). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55.
  • Huang, D., Zhou, M., Wang, L., & Zhang, J. (2010). Gender difference in motives of knowledge searching: Measurement invariance and factor mean comparisons of the interest/deprivation epistemic curiosity. Proceedings of 2010 IEEE 2nd Symposium on Web Society, 258-264.
  • Jöreskog, K.G., & Sorbom, D. (1996). LISREL 8 reference guide. Lincolnwood, IL: Scientific Software International.
  • Juvonen, J., & Gross, E.F. (2008). Extending the school grounds? Bullying experiences in cyberspace. Journal of School Health, 78, 496-505.
  • Katzer, C., Fetchenhauer, D., & Belschak, F. (2009). Cyberbullying: Who are the victims? A comparison of victimization in Internet chatrooms and victimization in school. Journal of Media Psychology, 21, 25-36.
  • Keith, S., & Martin, M.E. (2005). Cyber bullying: Creating a culture of respect in a cyberworld. Reclaiming Children and Youth, 13, 224-228.
  • Kim, S., Kim, S.H., & Kamphaus, R.W. (2010). Is aggression the same for boys and girls?Measurement invariance with confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory. School Psychology Quarterly, 25, 45-61.
  • Kline, R.B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Kowalski, R.M., Limber, P., & Agatston, P.W. (2008). Cyberbullying: Bullying in the digital age. New York: Blackwell Publishing.
  • MacCallum, R.C., & Austin, J.T. (2000). Applications of structural equation modeling in psychological research. Annual Review of Psychology, 51, 201-226.
  • Meredith, W., & Teresi, J. (2006). An essay on measurement and factorial invariance. Medical Care, 44, 69-77.
  • Mura, G.,Topçu, Ç., Erdur-Baker, Ö., & Diamantini, D. (2011). An international study of cyber bullying perception and diffusion among adolescents. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 3805-3809.
  • Nunnally, J.C., & Bernstein, I.H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). New York: McGrawHill.
  • Olweus, D. (1999). Sweeden. In P.K. Smith, Y. Morita, J. Junger-Tas, D. Olweus, R. Catalano & P.Slee (Eds.). The nature of school bullying: A cross national perspective (pp.7-27). New York: Routledge.
  • Peker, A., Eroğlu, Y., & Çitemel, N. (2012). Relationship of submissive behavior and cyberbullying /cybervictimization: The mediation role of gender. International Journal of Human Sciences, 9(1), 205-221.
  • Pornari, D., & Wood, J. (2010). Peer and cyber aggression in secondary school students: The role of moral disengagement, hostile attribution bias, and outcome expectancies. Aggressive Behavior, 36, 81-94.
  • Rijkeboer, M.M., & Bergh, H. (2006). Multiple group confirmatory factor analysis of the young schema-questionnaire in a dutch clinical versus non-clinical population. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 30, 263-277.
  • Şekercioğlu, G. (2010). Adaptation of self-perception profile for children and testing factor structure equation according to different variables. Unpublished doctoral dissertation thesis, Ankara University, Faculty of Education Sciences, Ankara.
  • Topçu, Ç., & Erdur-Baker, Ö. (2010). The revised cyber bullying inventory (RCBI): Validity and reliability studies. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 660-664.
  • Topçu, Ç., & Erdur-Baker, Ö. (2011, February). Cyber bullying and gender: Mediator and moderator role of emphaty. 1 st EERA Spring School on Advanced Method in Educational Research. Dortmund: Institute for School Development Research.
  • Tucker, K.L., Ozer, D. J., Lyubomirsky, S., & Boehm, J.K. (2006). Testing for measurement invariance in the Satisfaction with Life Scale: A comparison of Russians and North Americans. Social Indicators Research, 78, 341-360.
  • Uzun, B., & Öğretmen, T. (2010). Assesing the measurement invariance of factors that are related to students’ science achievement across gender in TIMSS-R Turkey Sample. Education and Science, 35, 26-35.
  • Vandenberg, R.J., & Lance, C.E. (2000). A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature: suggestions, practices, and recommendations for organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 3(1), 4-70.
  • Wang, M.T., Willett, J.B., & Eccles, J.S. (2011). The assessment of school engagement: Examining dimensionality and measurement invariance across gender and race/ethnicity. Journal of School Psychology, 49, 465-480.
  • Ybarra, M.L., Alexander, C., & Mitchell, K.J. (2005). Depressive symptomatology, youth internet use, and online interactions: A national survey. Journal of Adolescent Health, 36, 9-18.
  • Ybarra, M.L., Diener-West, M., & Leaf, P.J. (2007). Examining the overlap in internet harassment and school bullying: Implications for school intervention. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, 42-50.
  • Ybarra, L.M., & Mitchell, K.J. (2004). Online aggressor/targets, aggressors, and targets: A comparison of associated youth characteristics. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45, 1308-1316.

Cross-Gender Equivalence of Cyber Bullying and Victimization

Year 2015, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 59 - 69, 30.08.2015
https://doi.org/10.17275/per.15.15.2.2

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the cross-gender equivalency of
cyber bullying and victimization across gender using Revised
Cyber Bullying Inventory (RCBI). Because gender differences may
have a strong effect on measurement inequalities, tests of
measurement invariance were conducted to ensure that the scores
obtained from cyber bullying and victimization forms of RCBI
were generalizable between males and females. The samples for
this study consisted of 217 females and 235 males. The
measurement invariance of the cyber bullying and victimization
forms of RCBI was examined with multiple group confirmatory
factor analysis (MG-CFA). For the test of MG-CFA, a set of
confirmatory factor analysis procedures were utilized. In order that
collate relative fit of nested models across gender, change in CFI
(comparative fit index) was utilized here, with a suggestion that
support for the more parsimonious model can fit data better than a
less parsimonius model requires a change in CFI is smaller or equal
to .01. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted using
LISREL. MG-CFA results showed that there were not enough
evidence to support the measurement invariance of the cyber
bullying and victimization forms of RCBI across gender at a scale
level. Results were discussed in the light of the literature. 

References

  • Akbaba, S. (2009). Ahlak ve gelişimi. In Y. Özbay & S.Erkan (Eds.), Eğitim Psikolojisi (pp.165-203). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Akbulut, Y., & Erişti, B. (2011). Cyberbullying and victimization among Turkish university students. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 27(7), 1155-1170.
  • Akbulut, Y., Şahin, Y.L., & Erişti, B. (2010). Development of a scale to investigate cybervictimization among online social utility members. Contemporary Educational Technology, 1(1), 46-59.
  • Arıcak, O.T. (2009). Psychiatric symptomatology as a predictor of cyberbullying among university students. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 34, 167-184.
  • Arıcak, T., Siyahhan, S., Uzunhasanoğlu, A., Sarıbeyoğlu, S., Çıplak, S., Yılmaz, N., et al. (2008). Cyberbullying among Turkish adolescents. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 11(3), 253-262.
  • Bayram, N. (2010). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesine giriş amos uygulamalari. Bursa: Ezgi Kitabevi.
  • Beran, L., & Li, Q. (2007). The relationship between cyberbullying and school bullying. Journal of Student Wellbeing, 1, 15-33.
  • Brown, T.A. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Chen, F.F., Sousa, K.H., & West, S.G. (2005). Testing measurement invariance of secondorder factor models. Structural Equation Modeling, 12, 471-492.
  • Cheung, G.W., & Rensvold, R.B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing MI. Structural Equation Modeling, 9, 235-55.
  • Çetin, B. (2010). Cross-cultural structural parameter invariance on PISA 2006 student questionnaires. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 38, 71-89.
  • Çetin, B., Yaman, E., & Peker, A. (2011). Cyber victim and bullying scale: A study of validity and reliability. Computers & Education, 57(4), 2261-2271.
  • Çetin, B., Eroğlu, Y., Peker, A., Akbaba, S., & Pepsoy, S. (2012). The investigation of relationship among relational-interdependent self-construal, cyberbullying, and psychological disharmony in adolescents: An Investigation of Structural Equation Modelling. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 12(2), 646-653.
  • Dilmaç, B. (2009). Psychological needs as a predictor of cyber bullying: A preliminary report on college students. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 9, 1291-1325.
  • Dimitrov, D.M. (2010). Testing for factorial invariance in the context of construct validation. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 43, 121-149.
  • Erdur-Baker, Ö. (2010). Cyberbullying and its correlation to traditional bullying, gender, and frequent and risky usage of internet-mediated communication tools. New Media & Society, 12(1), 109-125.
  • Erdur-Baker, Ö., & Kavşut, F. (2007). Cyberbullying: A new face of peer bullying. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 27, 31-42.
  • Erdur-Baker, Ö., & Tanrıkulu, İ. (2009). Cyber bullying in Turkey: Its correlates and links to depressive symptoms. Journal of eHealth Techology and Application, 7, 16-23.
  • Eroğlu, Y. (2011). The investigation relationships among contingencies of self-worth, risky internet behaviors, and cyberbullying/cybervictimization. Unpublished master thesis, Sakarya University, Institute of Educational Sciences, Sakarya.
  • Eroğlu, Y., Çetin, B., Güler, N., Peker, A., & Pepsoy, S. (2011). From cybervictimization to coping ways of stress: Gender as moderator. Proceedings of EDULEARN11 Conference, 2699-2707.
  • Güzeller, C.O. (2011). A study of cross-cultural equivalence of computer attitude in PISA 2009 student questionnaire. Education and Science, 36, 320-327.
  • Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J.W. (2008). Cyberbullying: An exploratory analysis of factors related to offending to victimization. Deviant Behavior, 29, 129-156.
  • Hu, L., & Bentler, P.M. (2004). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55.
  • Huang, D., Zhou, M., Wang, L., & Zhang, J. (2010). Gender difference in motives of knowledge searching: Measurement invariance and factor mean comparisons of the interest/deprivation epistemic curiosity. Proceedings of 2010 IEEE 2nd Symposium on Web Society, 258-264.
  • Jöreskog, K.G., & Sorbom, D. (1996). LISREL 8 reference guide. Lincolnwood, IL: Scientific Software International.
  • Juvonen, J., & Gross, E.F. (2008). Extending the school grounds? Bullying experiences in cyberspace. Journal of School Health, 78, 496-505.
  • Katzer, C., Fetchenhauer, D., & Belschak, F. (2009). Cyberbullying: Who are the victims? A comparison of victimization in Internet chatrooms and victimization in school. Journal of Media Psychology, 21, 25-36.
  • Keith, S., & Martin, M.E. (2005). Cyber bullying: Creating a culture of respect in a cyberworld. Reclaiming Children and Youth, 13, 224-228.
  • Kim, S., Kim, S.H., & Kamphaus, R.W. (2010). Is aggression the same for boys and girls?Measurement invariance with confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory. School Psychology Quarterly, 25, 45-61.
  • Kline, R.B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Kowalski, R.M., Limber, P., & Agatston, P.W. (2008). Cyberbullying: Bullying in the digital age. New York: Blackwell Publishing.
  • MacCallum, R.C., & Austin, J.T. (2000). Applications of structural equation modeling in psychological research. Annual Review of Psychology, 51, 201-226.
  • Meredith, W., & Teresi, J. (2006). An essay on measurement and factorial invariance. Medical Care, 44, 69-77.
  • Mura, G.,Topçu, Ç., Erdur-Baker, Ö., & Diamantini, D. (2011). An international study of cyber bullying perception and diffusion among adolescents. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 3805-3809.
  • Nunnally, J.C., & Bernstein, I.H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). New York: McGrawHill.
  • Olweus, D. (1999). Sweeden. In P.K. Smith, Y. Morita, J. Junger-Tas, D. Olweus, R. Catalano & P.Slee (Eds.). The nature of school bullying: A cross national perspective (pp.7-27). New York: Routledge.
  • Peker, A., Eroğlu, Y., & Çitemel, N. (2012). Relationship of submissive behavior and cyberbullying /cybervictimization: The mediation role of gender. International Journal of Human Sciences, 9(1), 205-221.
  • Pornari, D., & Wood, J. (2010). Peer and cyber aggression in secondary school students: The role of moral disengagement, hostile attribution bias, and outcome expectancies. Aggressive Behavior, 36, 81-94.
  • Rijkeboer, M.M., & Bergh, H. (2006). Multiple group confirmatory factor analysis of the young schema-questionnaire in a dutch clinical versus non-clinical population. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 30, 263-277.
  • Şekercioğlu, G. (2010). Adaptation of self-perception profile for children and testing factor structure equation according to different variables. Unpublished doctoral dissertation thesis, Ankara University, Faculty of Education Sciences, Ankara.
  • Topçu, Ç., & Erdur-Baker, Ö. (2010). The revised cyber bullying inventory (RCBI): Validity and reliability studies. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 660-664.
  • Topçu, Ç., & Erdur-Baker, Ö. (2011, February). Cyber bullying and gender: Mediator and moderator role of emphaty. 1 st EERA Spring School on Advanced Method in Educational Research. Dortmund: Institute for School Development Research.
  • Tucker, K.L., Ozer, D. J., Lyubomirsky, S., & Boehm, J.K. (2006). Testing for measurement invariance in the Satisfaction with Life Scale: A comparison of Russians and North Americans. Social Indicators Research, 78, 341-360.
  • Uzun, B., & Öğretmen, T. (2010). Assesing the measurement invariance of factors that are related to students’ science achievement across gender in TIMSS-R Turkey Sample. Education and Science, 35, 26-35.
  • Vandenberg, R.J., & Lance, C.E. (2000). A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature: suggestions, practices, and recommendations for organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 3(1), 4-70.
  • Wang, M.T., Willett, J.B., & Eccles, J.S. (2011). The assessment of school engagement: Examining dimensionality and measurement invariance across gender and race/ethnicity. Journal of School Psychology, 49, 465-480.
  • Ybarra, M.L., Alexander, C., & Mitchell, K.J. (2005). Depressive symptomatology, youth internet use, and online interactions: A national survey. Journal of Adolescent Health, 36, 9-18.
  • Ybarra, M.L., Diener-West, M., & Leaf, P.J. (2007). Examining the overlap in internet harassment and school bullying: Implications for school intervention. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, 42-50.
  • Ybarra, L.M., & Mitchell, K.J. (2004). Online aggressor/targets, aggressors, and targets: A comparison of associated youth characteristics. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45, 1308-1316.
There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Studies on Education
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Sırrı Akbaba This is me

Adem Peker

Yüksel Eroğlu This is me

Erkan Yaman This is me

Publication Date August 30, 2015
Acceptance Date June 2, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 2 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Akbaba, S., Peker, A., Eroğlu, Y., Yaman, E. (2015). Cross-Gender Equivalence of Cyber Bullying and Victimization. Participatory Educational Research, 2(2), 59-69. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.15.15.2.2