COVID-19 SIRASINDA KENTSEL YEŞİL ALANLAR İLE İNSANLARIN FİZİKSEL AKTİVİTELERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 102 - 111, 31.12.2022

Ebru Yetkin , Abdullah Akpınar

https://doi.org/10.53784/peyzaj.1214231

Öz

Küresel çapta bir etki yaratan ve dünya genelinde sıkı önlemlerin alınmasına neden olan COVID-19 pandemisi, insanlar arasında korku ve endişelere neden olmuştur. Öte yandan insanlar bu dönemde fiziksel aktivite yapmak için fırsat bulamamış ve evlerine kapanmak zorunda kalmışlardır. Bundan dolayı artan fiziksel hareketsizlik ve fiziksel hareketsizliğin sebep olduğu sağlık sorunları, kentsel yeşil alanlara olan talepleri arttırmıştır. Pandemi sürecindeki kısıtlamalar, fiziksel hareketsizliğin artması ve fiziksel hareketsizliğin olumsuz etkileri göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, bireylerin bu mekanları kullanma sıklıklarının arttırılması ve bu alanlardan azami yararlanabilmeleri için kentsel yeşil alanların tasarım ölçütlerinin irdelenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada insanların COVID-19 sırasındaki kentsel yeşil alan kullanımlarında, yeşil alanların karakteristik özelliklerinin etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu çalışmadaki veriler Giresun, Manisa ve Tekirdağ illerinde 2020-2021 yıllarında toplanmıştır. Veriler çoklu doğrusal regresyon ile analiz edilmiştir. Çoklu regresyon analizi sonucunda yeşil alanlarda ağaçların çokluğu ile insanların fiziksel aktivite sıklıkları ve süreleri arasında pozitif anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur. Ayrıca yeşil alanların açık olması ve piknik alanları ile insanların fiziksel aktivite süreleri arasında da pozitif anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur. Yeşil alanların bakımlı olması ile insanların fiziksel aktivite sıklıkları arasında pozitif anlamlı ilişki bulunurken, yeşil alanların estetik olması ile insanların fiziksel aktivite süreleri arasında pozitif anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur. İnsanlar tarafından en çok tercih edilen kentsel yeşil alanların mahalle parkları olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları dikkate alındığında bakımlı, estetik, birçok ağacın bulunduğu, piknik alanlarına sahip, açık ve görünür kentsel yeşil alanların tasarlanmasının insanların bu mekanları COVID-19 pandemi sonrasında kullanımını olumlu yönde etkileyebileceği öngörülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19, kentsel yeşil alan, fiziksel aktivite, yeşil alan kalitesi, Aydın, urban green spaces, physical activity, green space quality

Teşekkür

Bu makale birinci yazar Ebru Yetkin’in Peyzaj Mimarlığı Bölümü’nde gerçekleştirdiği lisans tez çalışması verilerinden yararlanılarak hazırlanmıştır.

INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN URBAN GREEN SPACES AND PEOPLE’S PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES DURING THE COVID-19

Öz

The COVID-19 pandemic, which has had a global impact and caused strict measures to be taken around the world, has caused fear and anxiety among people. On the other hand, people did not have the opportunity to do physical activities during this period and had to stay in their homes. Therefore, increased physical inactivity and health problems caused by physical inactivity have increased the demand for urban green spaces. Considering the restrictions during the pandemic, the increase in physical inactivity, and the negative effects of physical inactivity, it is necessary to examine the quality and design criteria of urban green spaces in order to increase the frequency of individuals' use of these spaces as well as to receive maximum benefits from these spaces. In this study, the effect of quality and design criteria of urban green spaces on people's use of urban green spaces during the COVID-19 pandemic was investigated. The data in this study were collected in the cities of Giresun, Manisa, and Tekirdağ of Turkey in 2020-2021. Data were analyzed with multilevel linear regression. The results showed that a positive significant relationship was found between the abundance of trees in green spaces and the frequency and duration of physical activity of people. In addition, a positive significant relationship was found between the openness of green spaces and picnic areas with people’s duration of physical activity. While there was a positive significant relationship between well-maintained green spaces and people’s frequency of physical activity, a positive significant relationship was found between the aesthetics of the green spaces and people’s duration of physical activity. It is also found that the most preferred urban green spaces by people are neighborhood parks. The results of this study suggest that the design of open and visible urban green spaces with well-maintained, aesthetics, many trees, and picnic areas might positively affect people's use of these spaces after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19, urban green spaces, physical activity, green space quality

Kaynakça

• Akpınar, A., (2019) Kentsel yeşil alanların kalitesinin insan sağlığı ve fiziksel aktivitesi üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi, Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 20, 1, 36-46.
• Akpınar, A. (2014). Kullanıcıların kentsel yeşil yolları kullanım sebepleri, algıları ve tercihlerinin Aydın-Koşuyolu örneğinde incelenmesi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 64(2): 41-55.
• Akpınar, A., (2016a) How is quality of urban green spaces associated with physical activity and health? Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 16: 76–83.
• Ball K, Bauman A, Leslie E, Owen N (2001) Perceived Environmental Aesthetics and Convenience and Company Are Associated with Walking for Exercise among Australian Adults. Preventive Medicine, 33: 434–440.
• Bowler DE, Buyung-Ali LM, Knight TM, Pullin AS (2010) A systematic review of evidence for the added benefits to health of exposure to natural environments. BMC Public Health, 10(456).
• Cohen D, McKenzie T, Sehgal A, Williamson S, Golinelli D, Lurie N (2007) Contribution of public parks to physical activity. American Journal of Public Health, 97: 509–514.
• Coley, R., L., Kuo, F., E., Sullivan, W., C., (1997). Where does community grow? The Social context created by nature in urban public housing. Environment and Behavior, 29(4), 468-494.
• de Jong K, Albin M, Skarback E, Grahn P, Wadbro J, Merlo J, Bjork J (2011) Area-aggregated assessments of perceived Environmental attributes may overcome single-source bias in studies of green environments and health: Results from a cross-sectional survey in southern Sweden. Environmental Health, 10(4).
• de Vries S, van Dillen SM, Groenewegen PP, Spreeuwenberg P (2013) Streetscape greenery and health: Stress, social cohesion and physical activity as mediators. Social Science & Medicine, 94: 26-33.
• Duncan M, Mummery K (2005) Psychosocial and Environmental factors associated with physical activity among city dwellers in regional Queensland. Preventive Medicine, 40: 363–372.
• Evenson KR, Birnbaum AS, Bedimo-Rung AL, Sallis JF, Voorhees CC, Ring K, Elder JP (2006) Girls’ perception of physical Environmental factors and transportation: Reliability and association with physical activity and active transport to school. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 3(28).
• Francis J, Wood L, Knuiman M, Giles-Corti B (2012) Quality or quantity? Exploring the relationship between Public Open Space attributes and mental health in Perth, Western Australia. Social Science & Medicine, 74: 1570-1577.
• Ferré MB, Guitart AO, Ferret MP (2006) Children and playgrounds in Mediterranean cities. Children's Geographies, 4(2): 173-183.
• Giles-Corti B, Broomhall M, Knuiman M, Collins C, Douglas KN, Lange A, Donovan R (2005) Increasing walking. How important is distance to, attractiveness, and size of public open space? American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 28(2S2): 169–176.
• Heo, S., Desaj, M., U., Lowe, S., E., Bell, M., L., (2021). Impact of Changed Use of Greenspace during COVID-19 Pandemic on Depression and Anxiety, Int. J. Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(11), 5842. Kaplan, R., ve Kaplan, S. 1989. The experience of nature: a Psychological perspective. CUP Archive.
• Lachowycz K, Jones AP (2011) Greenspace and obesity: a systematic review of the evidence. obesity reviews, 12: e183–e189.
• Lee I-M, Shiroma E, Lobelo F, Puska P, Blair S, Katzmarzyk P (2012) Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. Lancet, 380(9838): 219–229.
• McCormack GR, Rock M, Toohey AM, Hignell D (2010) Characteristics of urban parks associated with park use and physical activity: A review of qualitative research. Health & Place, 16: 712–726.
• Maas, J., Verheji, R., de Vries, S., Spreeuwenberg, P., Schellevis, F., ve Groenewegen, P. 2009. Morbidity is related to a green living environment. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 63(12), 967-973.
• Marconi, P., L., Perelman, P., E., Salgado, V., G., (2022). Green in times of COVID 19: urban green space relevance during the COVID 19 pandemic in Buenos Aires City, Urban Ecosystems, 25:941–953.
• Peschardt KK, Stigsdotter U (2013) Associations between park characteristics and perceived restorativeness of small Public urban green spaces. Landscape & Urban Planning. 112: 26–39.
• Paquet C, Orschulok TP, Coffee N, Howard NJ, Hugo G, Taylor AW, Adams RJ, Daniel M (2013) Are accessibility and characteristics of public open spaces associated with a better cardiometabolic health? Landscape and Urban Planning, 118: 70–78.
• Rusette, H., Graham, J., Holden, Z., Semmens, E., O.,Williams, E., Landguth, E., L., (2021). Greenspace exposure and COVID-19 mortality in the United States: January–July 2020, Environmenthal Research, 198, 2021 111195.
• Sugiyama T, Francis J, Middleton NJ, Owen N, Giles-Corti B (2010) Associations between recreational walking and attractiveness, size, and proximity of neighborhood open spaces. American Journal of Public Health, 100(9): 1752-7.
• Samuelsson K, Barthel S, Colding J, Macassa G, Giusti M (2020) Urban nature as a source of resilience during social distancing amidst the coronavirus pandemic. OSF preprints.
• Schipperijn J, Bentsen P, Troelsen J, Toftager M, Stigsdotter U (2013) Associations between physical activity and characteristics of urban green space. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 12: 109–116.
• Sallis JF, Floyd MF, Rodríguez DA, Saelens BE (2012) The Role of Built Environments in Physical Activity, Obesity, and CVD. Circulation, 125(5): 729–737.
• Van den Berg AE, Hartig T, Staats H (2007) Preference for nature in urbanized societies: Stress, restoration, and the pursuit of sustainability. J Soc Issues 63(1):79–96.
• Yetkin, E., Akpınar, A., (2022). Covıd-19 Sonrası İnsanların Kentsel Yeşil Alan Kullanım Sebepleri ve Bu Alanların İnsanların Ruh ve Beden Sağlığı ile İlişkisinin İncelenmesi. 5. Uluslararası Tarım, Çevre ve Sağlık Kongresi. 387-402.