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KENTSEL ALANLARDA İKLİME UYUMLU PEYZAJ TASARIM YAKLAŞIMLARI VE STRATEJİLER

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 63 - 76, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.53784/peyzaj.1310681

Öz

Dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de nüfusun büyük çoğunluğunun kent merkezlerinde yaşıyor olması kentsel alanlar üzerinde yoğun bir insan baskısına sebep olmaktadır. İnsanların yaşamsal ihtiyaçlarının (barınma, iş, eğitim, sağlık, sosyal yaşam vb.) gereği olarak ortaya çıkan bu baskılar kentsel alanlarda yapı yoğunluğunun artmasına, arazi formunun değişmesine ve iklimin değişmesine neden olmaktadır. İklimin değişmesi hem açık mekanların hem de kapalı mekanların tasarımında yeni stratejilerin geliştirilmesini gerekli kılmaktadır. Bu stratejilerle oluşturulacak planlama ve tasarım kararları ve çözümleri bugün olduğu kadar gelecekte de bu değişimlerin etkilerinin öngörüldüğü senaryolarla ilişkilendirilmelidir.
Bu bakış açısıyla “Geleceğin iklim senaryolarına hazırlıklı, sürdürülebilir, dirençli, kentsel peyzajlar oluşturmak için hangi parametreler önemlidir?”, “Başarılı uygulama örnekleri hangi yönleri ile öne çıkmaktadır?” soruları araştırmanın çıkış noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma, “Kentlerimizi geleceğin iklim senaryolarına hazırlamak için peyzaj tasarımı stratejileri neler olmalıdır?” sorusuna odaklanmaktadır. Bu kapsamda iklim değişiminin hangi parametreleri etkilediği ve etkilerin kentsel peyzaj alanlarına yansımaları kuramsal olarak literatür bilgileri ile açıklanmıştır. Bu bilgiler ışığında kentsel alanlarda yapılacak peyzaj tasarımı uygulamalarında düşünülmesi gereken tasarım stratejileri ve çözüm önerileri ortaya konulmuştur. Sonuçta teorik ve pratik çerçevede yapılan değerlendirmelerle iklim senaryolarına hazırlıklı kentsel peyzaj uygulamaları ile ilgili öneriler geliştirilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Acar C, Acar H (2020). Kentsel Mekanlarda Biyofilik Peyzaj Yaklaşımları ve Yeşil Altyapı: Singapur Örneği. PEYZAJ - Eğitim, Bilim, Kültür ve Sanat Dergisi. 1, 33-45.
  • ASLA (American Society of Landscape Architects), (2022). Climate Action Plan Executive Summary,
  • Eraydin A, Özatağan G (2021). Pathways to a resilient future: A review of policy agendas and governance practices in shrinking cities,Cities,Volume 115,103226,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2021.103226.
  • Aragón C, Buxton J, Hamin Infield E (2019). The role of landscape installations in climate change communication. Landscape and Urban Planning. 189,pp11-14, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2019.03.014.
  • Jin C, Hu S, Huang L, Huang J, Jim CY, Qian S, Pang M, Lin D, Zhao L, Hu Y, Song K, Chen S, Liu J, Ignatieva M, Yang Y (2021). Landscape plants in major Chinese cities: Diverse origins and climatic congruence vis-à-vis climate change resilience, Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, Volume 64,127292, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127292.
  • Climate Change Adaptation Strategy (2018). Update and Action Plan. https://vancouver.ca/files/cov/climate-change-adaptation-strategy.pdf
  • Çobanyılmaz P, Yüksel Ü (2014). Kentlerin İklim Değişikliğinden Zarar Görebilirliğinin Belirlenmesi: Ankara Örneği. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 17. 10.19113/sdufbed.15790.
  • Friess DA (2017). Singapore as a long-term casestudy for tropical urban ecosystem services, Urban Ecosyst, 20: 277–291.
  • IFLA Europe (2022). A Landscape Architecture Guide to the 17 Sustainable Development Goals https://www.iflaeurope.eu/assets/docs/SDG%2BFINAL.pdf
  • Eliasson I (2000). The use of climate knowledge in urban planning, Landscape and Urban Planning, Volume 48, Issues 1–2, Pages 31-44,https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(00)00034-7.
  • Wang J, Foley K (2021). Assessing the performance of urban open space for achieving sustainable and resilient cities: A pilot study of two urban parks in Dublin, Ireland, Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, Volume 62, 127180, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2021. 127180.
  • Pee LG, Pan SL (2022). Climate-intelligent cities and resilient urbanisation: Challenges and opportunities for information research, International Journal of Information Management, Volume 63, 102446, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102446.
  • Landscape Institute report (2021). Landscape for 2030: How landscape practice can respond to the climate crisis, LI Climate Change Case Studies.
  • Lfarakh R (2021). Dirençli bir şehre doğru (Dirençlilik ve kentsel sistemler arasındaki bağın araştırılması), T.C. İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Mimarlık Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • Lenzholzer S, Brown RD (2013). Climate-responsive landscape architecture design education, Journal of Cleaner Production, 61, pp 89-99, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.12.038.
  • Croce S, Vettorato D (2021). Urban surface uses for climate resilient and sustainable cities: A catalogue of solutions. Sustainable Cities and Society, 75, 103313, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.103313.
  • Sørup HJD, Fryd O, Liu L, Arnbjerg-Nielsen K, Jensen MB (2019). An SDG-based framework forassessing urban stormwater management systems.Blue-green Systems, 1(1), 102-118. https://doi.org/10.2166/bgs.2019.922
  • Tolunay D (2011). İklim değişikliği ve peyzaj mimarlığı, Peyzaj Life, s.44-50.
  • URL1 (2022). https://www.resilient-cities.com/en/news/296-new-report-highlights-role-of-cities-in-climate-action 12.11.2022.
  • URL2 (2016). https://www.urbanet.info/world-urban-population/
  • URL3 (2009). Ecological Impacts of Climate Change, The National Academy of Sciences report https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Fnap.nationalacademies.org%2Fresource%2F12491%2Ffull_presentation.ppt&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK
  • URL4 (2019). https://www.nato.int/docu/review/tr/articles/2019/12/10/gezegenin-guevenligi-iklim-degisikliginin-guevenlik-uezerindeki-etkileri/index.html
  • URL5 (2022). https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-59047608
  • URL6 (2022). https://www.peyzaj.org.tr/genel/bizden_detay.php?kod=9641
  • URL7 (2022). https://landezine.com/kokkedal-climate-adaption-by-schonherr/ erişim tarihi: 14.11.2022
  • URL8 (2022). https://landezine.com/godsbanearealet-a-pioneer-climate-adaption-project/ erişim tarihi: 14.11.2022
  • URL9 (2022). https://landezine.com/godsbanearealet-a-pioneer-climate-adaption-project-by-werk/
  • URL10 (2023). https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/summary/acc8ec19-8c45-4db1-bb2d-c81f986a09f6-7b35bf70/relevance/1, Erişim tarihi: 22.03.2023
  • URL11 (2022). https://www.asla.org/2022awards/5891.html
  • URL12 (2022). https://www.asla.org/2022awards/5909.html
  • URL13 (2022). https://landezine.com/kokkedal-climate-adaption-by-schonherr
  • URL14 (2022). https://www.underwatersculpture.com/projects/rising-tide-thames/
  • URL15 (2021). Louise Conner https://www.ecodisciple.com/blog/sunken-sculpture-living-art/
  • URL16 (2022). Yükselen Gelgit - Sualtı Heykeli, Jason de Caires Taylor, https://www.underwatersculpture.com/projects/rising-tide-thames/
  • URL17 (2022). https://www.umass.edu/magazine/fall-2016/time-and-tide
  • Zhao X, Huang G (2022). Exploring the impact of landscape changes on runoff under climate change and urban development: Implications for landscape ecological engineering in the Yangmei River Basin, Ecological Engineering, Volume 184, 106794, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2022.106794

CLIMATE ADAPTABLE LANDSCAPE DESIGN APPROACHES AND STRATEGIES IN URBAN AREAS

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 63 - 76, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.53784/peyzaj.1310681

Öz

The fact that most of the population lives in urban centres in Turkey, as in the world, leads to an intensive human pressure on urban areas. These pressures, which arise as a requirement of people's vital needs (shelter, job, education, health, social life, etc.), cause increases in the density of buildings in urban areas and changes in landform and climate. Climate change necessitates the development of new strategies in the design of both indoor and outdoor spaces. Planning and design decisions and solutions to be developed with these strategies should be associated with the scenarios where the effects of these changes are foreseen in the future as well as today.
From this point of view, the starting point of this research is “Which parameters are important for creating sustainable and resilient urban landscapes ready for future climate scenarios?” and “Which aspects of successful examples stand out?”. The research focuses on the question “What should be the landscape design strategies to prepare our cities for future climate scenarios?”. In this context, the parameters that climate change affects and the reflections of the effects on urban landscape areas are explained theoretically with the existing literature information. In the light of this information, the design strategies and solution proposals that should be considered in landscape design applications in urban areas are explained. In conclusion, suggestions have been developed for climate adaptable urban landscape applications based on theoretical and practical evaluations.

Kaynakça

  • Acar C, Acar H (2020). Kentsel Mekanlarda Biyofilik Peyzaj Yaklaşımları ve Yeşil Altyapı: Singapur Örneği. PEYZAJ - Eğitim, Bilim, Kültür ve Sanat Dergisi. 1, 33-45.
  • ASLA (American Society of Landscape Architects), (2022). Climate Action Plan Executive Summary,
  • Eraydin A, Özatağan G (2021). Pathways to a resilient future: A review of policy agendas and governance practices in shrinking cities,Cities,Volume 115,103226,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2021.103226.
  • Aragón C, Buxton J, Hamin Infield E (2019). The role of landscape installations in climate change communication. Landscape and Urban Planning. 189,pp11-14, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2019.03.014.
  • Jin C, Hu S, Huang L, Huang J, Jim CY, Qian S, Pang M, Lin D, Zhao L, Hu Y, Song K, Chen S, Liu J, Ignatieva M, Yang Y (2021). Landscape plants in major Chinese cities: Diverse origins and climatic congruence vis-à-vis climate change resilience, Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, Volume 64,127292, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127292.
  • Climate Change Adaptation Strategy (2018). Update and Action Plan. https://vancouver.ca/files/cov/climate-change-adaptation-strategy.pdf
  • Çobanyılmaz P, Yüksel Ü (2014). Kentlerin İklim Değişikliğinden Zarar Görebilirliğinin Belirlenmesi: Ankara Örneği. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 17. 10.19113/sdufbed.15790.
  • Friess DA (2017). Singapore as a long-term casestudy for tropical urban ecosystem services, Urban Ecosyst, 20: 277–291.
  • IFLA Europe (2022). A Landscape Architecture Guide to the 17 Sustainable Development Goals https://www.iflaeurope.eu/assets/docs/SDG%2BFINAL.pdf
  • Eliasson I (2000). The use of climate knowledge in urban planning, Landscape and Urban Planning, Volume 48, Issues 1–2, Pages 31-44,https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(00)00034-7.
  • Wang J, Foley K (2021). Assessing the performance of urban open space for achieving sustainable and resilient cities: A pilot study of two urban parks in Dublin, Ireland, Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, Volume 62, 127180, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2021. 127180.
  • Pee LG, Pan SL (2022). Climate-intelligent cities and resilient urbanisation: Challenges and opportunities for information research, International Journal of Information Management, Volume 63, 102446, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102446.
  • Landscape Institute report (2021). Landscape for 2030: How landscape practice can respond to the climate crisis, LI Climate Change Case Studies.
  • Lfarakh R (2021). Dirençli bir şehre doğru (Dirençlilik ve kentsel sistemler arasındaki bağın araştırılması), T.C. İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Mimarlık Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • Lenzholzer S, Brown RD (2013). Climate-responsive landscape architecture design education, Journal of Cleaner Production, 61, pp 89-99, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.12.038.
  • Croce S, Vettorato D (2021). Urban surface uses for climate resilient and sustainable cities: A catalogue of solutions. Sustainable Cities and Society, 75, 103313, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.103313.
  • Sørup HJD, Fryd O, Liu L, Arnbjerg-Nielsen K, Jensen MB (2019). An SDG-based framework forassessing urban stormwater management systems.Blue-green Systems, 1(1), 102-118. https://doi.org/10.2166/bgs.2019.922
  • Tolunay D (2011). İklim değişikliği ve peyzaj mimarlığı, Peyzaj Life, s.44-50.
  • URL1 (2022). https://www.resilient-cities.com/en/news/296-new-report-highlights-role-of-cities-in-climate-action 12.11.2022.
  • URL2 (2016). https://www.urbanet.info/world-urban-population/
  • URL3 (2009). Ecological Impacts of Climate Change, The National Academy of Sciences report https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Fnap.nationalacademies.org%2Fresource%2F12491%2Ffull_presentation.ppt&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK
  • URL4 (2019). https://www.nato.int/docu/review/tr/articles/2019/12/10/gezegenin-guevenligi-iklim-degisikliginin-guevenlik-uezerindeki-etkileri/index.html
  • URL5 (2022). https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-59047608
  • URL6 (2022). https://www.peyzaj.org.tr/genel/bizden_detay.php?kod=9641
  • URL7 (2022). https://landezine.com/kokkedal-climate-adaption-by-schonherr/ erişim tarihi: 14.11.2022
  • URL8 (2022). https://landezine.com/godsbanearealet-a-pioneer-climate-adaption-project/ erişim tarihi: 14.11.2022
  • URL9 (2022). https://landezine.com/godsbanearealet-a-pioneer-climate-adaption-project-by-werk/
  • URL10 (2023). https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/summary/acc8ec19-8c45-4db1-bb2d-c81f986a09f6-7b35bf70/relevance/1, Erişim tarihi: 22.03.2023
  • URL11 (2022). https://www.asla.org/2022awards/5891.html
  • URL12 (2022). https://www.asla.org/2022awards/5909.html
  • URL13 (2022). https://landezine.com/kokkedal-climate-adaption-by-schonherr
  • URL14 (2022). https://www.underwatersculpture.com/projects/rising-tide-thames/
  • URL15 (2021). Louise Conner https://www.ecodisciple.com/blog/sunken-sculpture-living-art/
  • URL16 (2022). Yükselen Gelgit - Sualtı Heykeli, Jason de Caires Taylor, https://www.underwatersculpture.com/projects/rising-tide-thames/
  • URL17 (2022). https://www.umass.edu/magazine/fall-2016/time-and-tide
  • Zhao X, Huang G (2022). Exploring the impact of landscape changes on runoff under climate change and urban development: Implications for landscape ecological engineering in the Yangmei River Basin, Ecological Engineering, Volume 184, 106794, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2022.106794
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Peyzaj Tasarımı
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Habibe Acar 0000-0002-8682-0522

Aysel Yavuz 0000-0001-9425-2054

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 31 Aralık 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Acar, H., & Yavuz, A. (2023). KENTSEL ALANLARDA İKLİME UYUMLU PEYZAJ TASARIM YAKLAŞIMLARI VE STRATEJİLER. PEYZAJ, 5(2), 63-76. https://doi.org/10.53784/peyzaj.1310681