Role of Attachment Patterns and Partner Support in Postpartum Depression
Yıl 2019,
Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 154 - 166, 30.06.2019
Pelin Bintaş Zörer
,
Sedef Tulum Akbulut
,
Gülay Dirik
Öz
The birth of a baby, representing an important transition period in the lives of women, causes various changes and also brings about a great number of psychological problems in their lives. Postpartum depression is a highly prevalent disorder and previous research reveals that it is associated with several factors. Among these factors, the importance of partner relationship is especially highlighted and the variables that may affect this relationship negatively are one of the most important risk factors. There-fore, in this review article, the role of adult romantic attachment patterns and partner support in postpartum depression is evaluated in the light of the relevant literature.
Kaynakça
- American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. Arlington, VA, American Psychiatric Association.
- Arslantaş H, Ergin F, Balkaya NA (2009) Aydın il merkezinde doğum sonrası depresyon sıklığı ve ilişkili risk etmenleri. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 10:13-22.
- Barnett PA, Gotlib IH (1988) Psychosocial functioning and depression: distinguishing among antecedents, concomitants, and consequences. Psychol Bull, 104:97-126.
- Beck CT (2001) Predictors of postpartum depression: an update. Nurs Res, 50:275-285.
- Bener A, Gerber LM, Sheikh J (2012) Prevalence of psychiatric disorders and associated risk factors in women during their postpartum period: a major public health problem and global comparison. Int J Womens Health, 4:191-200.
- Bowlby J (1982) Attachment and Loss: Vol. 1 Attachment (2nd ed.). New York, Basic Books
.
Bowlby J (1988) A Secure Base. New York, Basic Books.
- Brock RL, O'Hara MW, Hart KJ, McCabe JE, Williamson JA, Laplante DP et al. (2014) Partner support and maternal depression in the context of the Iowa floods. J Family Psychol, 28:832-843.
- Clout D, Brown R (2016) Marital relationship and attachment predictors of postpartum stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms. J Soc Clin Psychol, 35:322-341.
- Cohen S (2004) Social relationships and health. Am Psychol, 59:676-684.
- Cohen S, Wills TA (1985) Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychol Bull, 98:310–357.
- Collins NL, Dunkel-Schetter C, Lobel M, Scrimshaw SCM (1993) Social support in pregnancy: psychosocial correlates of birth outcomes and postpartum depression. J Pers Soc Psychol, 65:1243-1258.
- Cooper PJ, Tomlinson M, Swartz L, Woolgar M, Murray L, Molteno C (1999) Post-partum depression and the mother-infant relationship in a South African peri-urban settlement. Br J Psychiatry, 175:554-558.
- Cutrona CE, Troutman BR (1986) Social support, infant temperament, and parenting self-efficacy: A mediational model of postpartum depression. Child Dev, 57:1507-1518.
- Cutrona CE, Suhr JA (1992) Controllability of stressful events and satisfaction with spouse support behaviors. Communic Res, 19:154-174.
- Dennis CL (2003) Detection, prevention, and treatment of postpartum depression. In Postpartum depression: Literature review of risk factors and interventions, (Eds DE Stewart, E Robertson, CL Dennis, SL Grace, T Wallington):71-196. Toronto: University Health Network Women’s Health Program for Toronto Public Health.
- Dennis CL, Janssen PA, Singer J (2004) Identifying women at‐risk for postpartum depression in the immediate postpartum period. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 110:338-346.
- Dennis CL, Ross L (2006) Women's perceptions of partner support and conflict in the development of postpartum depressive symptoms. J Adv Nurs, 56:588-599.
- Di Florio A, Meltzer-Brody S (2015) Is postpartum depression a distinct disorder? Curr Psychiatry Rep, 17:1-6.
- Dudek D, Jaeschke R, Siwek M, Mączka G, Topór-Mądry R, Rybakowski J (2014) Postpartum depression: identifying associations with bipolarity and personality traits. Preliminary results from a cross-sectional study in Poland. Psychiatry Res, 215:69-74.
- Durat G, Kutlu Y (2010) Sakarya’da doğum sonrası depresyon sıklığı ve ilişkili faktörler. Yeni Symposium, 48:63-68.
- Feeney J, Alexander R, Noller P, Hohaush L (2003) Attachment insecurity, depression, and the transition to parenthood. Pers Relatsh, 10:475-493.
- Gotlib IH, Whiffen VE, Wallace PM, Mount JH (1991) Prospective investigation of postpartum depression: factors involved in onset and recovery. J Abnorm Psychol, 100:122-132.
- Gremigni P, Mariani L, Marracino V, Tranquilli AL, Turi A (2011) Partner support and postpartum depressive symptoms. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol, 32:135-140.
- Hairstone IS, Handelzalts JE, Assis C, Kovo M (2018). Postpartum bonding difficulties and adult attachment styles: the mediating role of postpartum depression and childbirth-related PTSD. Infant Ment Health J, 39:198-208.
- Hannah P, Adams D, Lee A, Glover V, Sandler M (1992) Links between early post partum mood and post-natal depression. Br J Psychiatry, 160:777-780.
- Harris B (1994) Biological and hormonal aspects of postpartum depressed mood: working towards strategies for prophylaxis and treatment. Br J Psychiatry, 164:288-292.
- Harris B, Lovett L, Roberts S, Read GF, Riad-Fahmy D (1993) Cardiff puerperal mood and hormone study. 1. Saliva steroid hormone profiles in late pregnancy and the
puerperium: endocrine factors and parturition. Horm Res, 39:138-145.
- Hazan C, Shaver P (1987) Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. J Pers Soc Psychol, 52:511-524.
- House JS (1981) Work, stress, and social support. Reading, MA, Addison-Wesley.
- House JS, Landis KR, Umberson D (1988) Social relationships and health. Science, 241:540-545.
- Ikeda M, Hayashi M, Kamibeppu K (2014) The relationship between attachment style and postpartum depression. Attach Hum Dev, 16:557-572.
- Iles J, Slade P, Spiby H (2011) Posttraumatic stress symptoms and postpartum depression in couples after childbirth: the role of partner support and attachment. J Anxiety Disord, 25:520-530.
- Johnstone SJ, Boyce PM, Hickey AR, Morris-Yates AD, Harris MG (2001) Obstetric risk factors for postnatal depression in urban and rural community samples. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 35:69-74.
- Kahn RL, Antonucci TC (1980) Convoys over the life course: Attachment, roles, and social support. In Life-span development and behavior, vol. 3, (Eds PB Baltes, O Brim):253-286. New York, Academic Press.
- Kang YR, Lee JS, Kang MC (2014) Adult attachment styles, self‐esteem, and depressive symptoms: A comparison between postpartum and nonpostpartum women in Korea. Pers Relatsh, 21:546-556.
- Kırkpınar İ, Tepeli-Öztürk I, Gözüm S, Pasinlioğlu T (2012) Doğum sonrası depresyon özgül bir tanı mıdır? İleriye dönük bir çalışma. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg, 13:16-23.
- Lee JS, Koo HJ (2015) The relationship between adult attachment and depression in Korean mothers during the first 2 years postpartum: A moderated mediation model of self-esteem and maternal efficacy. Pers Individ Dif, 79:50-56.
- Lemola S, Stadlmayr W, Grob A (2007) Maternal adjustment five months after birth: the impact of the subjective experience of childbirth and emotional support from the partner. J Reprod Infant Psychol, 25:190-202.
- Logsdon MC, Wisner KL, Pinto-Foltz MD (2006) The impact of postpartum depression on mothering. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs, 35:652-658.
- Logsdon MC, Wisner K, Hanusa BH (2009) Does maternal role functioning improve with antidepressant treatment in women with postpartum depression?. J Womens Health, 18:85-90.
- Martin-Santos R, Gelabert E, Subirà S, Gutierrez-Zotes A, Langorh K, Jover M et al. (2012) Is neuroticism a risk factor for postpartum depression?. Psychol Med, 42:1559-1565.
- McMahon C, Barnett B, Kowalenko N, Tennant C (2005) Psychological factors associated with persistent postnatal depression: past and current relationships, defence styles and the mediating role of insecure attachment style. J Affect Disord, 84:15-24.
- Milgrom J, Gemmill AW, Bilszta JL, Hayes B, Barnett B, Brooks J et al. (2008). Antenatal risk factors for postnatal depression: a large prospective study. J Affect Disord, 108:147-157.
- Mills EP, Finchilescu G, Lea SJ (1995) Postnatal depression-An examination of psychosocial factors. S Afr Med J, 85:99-105.
- O’Hara MW, McCabe JE (2013) Postpartum depression: Current status and future directions. Annu Rev Clin Psychol, 9:379-407.
- O'Hara MW, Swain AM (1996) Rates and risk of postpartum depression-a meta-analysis. Int Rev Psychiatry, 8:37-54.
- Pitt B (1968) “Atypical” depression following childbirth. Br J Psychiatry, 114:1325-1335.
- Reid KM, Taylor MG (2015) Social support, stress, and maternal postpartum depression: A comparison of supportive relationships. Soc Sci Res, 54:246-262.
- Robertson E, Celasun N, Stewart DE (2003) Risk factors for postpartum depression. In Postpartum depression: Literature review of risk factors and interventions, (Eds DE Stewart, E Robertson, CL Dennis, SL Grace, T Wallington):9-70. Toronto: University Health Network Women’s Health Program for Toronto Public Health.
- Ross LE, Sellers EM, Gilbert Evans SE, Romach MK (2004) Mood changes during pregnancy and the postpartum period: development of a biopsychosocial model. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 109:457-466.
- Sabuncuoğlu O, Berkem M (2006) Bağlanma biçemi ve doğum sonrası depresyon belirtileri arasındaki ilişki: Türkiye’den bulgular. Turk Psikiyatri Derg, 17:252-258.
- Saligheh M, Rooney RM, McNamara B, Kane RT (2014) The relationship between postnatal depression, sociodemographic factors, levels of partner support, and levels of physical activity. Front Psychol, 5:597.
- Sayil M, Güre A, Uçanok Z (2007) First time mothers' anxiety and depressive symptoms across the transition to motherhood: associations with maternal and environmental characteristics. Women Health, 44:61-77.
- Simpson JA, Rholes WS, Campbell L, Tran S, Wilson CL (2003) Adult attachment, the transition to parenthood, and depressive symptoms. J Pers Soc Psychol, 84:1172-1187.
- Stocky A, Lynch J (2000) Acute psychiatric disturbance in pregnancy and the puerperium. Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol, 14:73-87.
- Thoits PA (2011) Mechanisms linking social ties and support to physical and mental health. J Health Soc Behav, 52:145-161.
- Troutman BR, Cutrona CE (1990) Nonpsychotic postpartum depression among adolescent mothers. J Abnorm Psychol, 99:69-78.
- Turkcapar AF, Kadıoğlu N, Aslan E, Tunc S, Zayıfoğlu M, Mollamahmutoğlu L (2015) Sociodemographic and clinical features of postpartum depression among Turkish women: a prospective study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 15:108.
- Warner R, Appleby L, Whitton A, Faragher B (1996) Demographic and obstetric risk factors for postnatal psychiatric morbidity. Br J Psychiatry, 168:607-611.
- Whisman MA, Baucom DH (2012) Intimate relationships and psychopathology. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev, 15:4-13.
- Wright N, Hill J, Pickles A, Sharp H (2015) The specific role of relationship life events in the onset of depression during pregnancy and the postpartum. Plos One, 10:e0144131.
- Yalçınkaya Alkar Ö, Gençöz T (2005) Critical factors associated with early postpartum depression among Turkish women. Contemp Fam Ther, 27:263-275.
- Yelland J, Sutherland G, Brown SJ (2010) Postpartum anxiety, depression and social health: Findings from a population-based survey of Australian women. BMC Public Health, 10:771.
Doğum Sonrası Depresyonda Bağlanma Örüntüleri ve Partner Desteğinin Rolü
Yıl 2019,
Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 154 - 166, 30.06.2019
Pelin Bintaş Zörer
,
Sedef Tulum Akbulut
,
Gülay Dirik
Öz
Kadınların yaşamında önemli bir geçişi temsil eden bebek doğurma olayı, bireyin yaşamında birçok değişikliğe neden olmakta ve psikolojik sıkıntıları da beraberinde getirebilmektedir. Doğum sonrası depresyonun oldukça yaygın bir sorun olduğu görülmekte ve yapılan çalışmalar bu bozukluğun çeşitli faktörlerle ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu faktörler arasında partner ilişkisinin önemi özellikle vurgulanmakta olup bu ilişkiyi olumsuz yönde etkileyebilecek değişkenler doğum sonrası depresyonda risk faktörleri arasında yer almaktadır. Bu nedenle, bu derleme yazısında doğum sonrası depresyonda yetişkin romantik bağlanma örüntüleri ve partner desteğinin rolü ilgili alan yazındaki bulgular temel alınarak incelenmiştir.
Kaynakça
- American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. Arlington, VA, American Psychiatric Association.
- Arslantaş H, Ergin F, Balkaya NA (2009) Aydın il merkezinde doğum sonrası depresyon sıklığı ve ilişkili risk etmenleri. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 10:13-22.
- Barnett PA, Gotlib IH (1988) Psychosocial functioning and depression: distinguishing among antecedents, concomitants, and consequences. Psychol Bull, 104:97-126.
- Beck CT (2001) Predictors of postpartum depression: an update. Nurs Res, 50:275-285.
- Bener A, Gerber LM, Sheikh J (2012) Prevalence of psychiatric disorders and associated risk factors in women during their postpartum period: a major public health problem and global comparison. Int J Womens Health, 4:191-200.
- Bowlby J (1982) Attachment and Loss: Vol. 1 Attachment (2nd ed.). New York, Basic Books
.
Bowlby J (1988) A Secure Base. New York, Basic Books.
- Brock RL, O'Hara MW, Hart KJ, McCabe JE, Williamson JA, Laplante DP et al. (2014) Partner support and maternal depression in the context of the Iowa floods. J Family Psychol, 28:832-843.
- Clout D, Brown R (2016) Marital relationship and attachment predictors of postpartum stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms. J Soc Clin Psychol, 35:322-341.
- Cohen S (2004) Social relationships and health. Am Psychol, 59:676-684.
- Cohen S, Wills TA (1985) Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychol Bull, 98:310–357.
- Collins NL, Dunkel-Schetter C, Lobel M, Scrimshaw SCM (1993) Social support in pregnancy: psychosocial correlates of birth outcomes and postpartum depression. J Pers Soc Psychol, 65:1243-1258.
- Cooper PJ, Tomlinson M, Swartz L, Woolgar M, Murray L, Molteno C (1999) Post-partum depression and the mother-infant relationship in a South African peri-urban settlement. Br J Psychiatry, 175:554-558.
- Cutrona CE, Troutman BR (1986) Social support, infant temperament, and parenting self-efficacy: A mediational model of postpartum depression. Child Dev, 57:1507-1518.
- Cutrona CE, Suhr JA (1992) Controllability of stressful events and satisfaction with spouse support behaviors. Communic Res, 19:154-174.
- Dennis CL (2003) Detection, prevention, and treatment of postpartum depression. In Postpartum depression: Literature review of risk factors and interventions, (Eds DE Stewart, E Robertson, CL Dennis, SL Grace, T Wallington):71-196. Toronto: University Health Network Women’s Health Program for Toronto Public Health.
- Dennis CL, Janssen PA, Singer J (2004) Identifying women at‐risk for postpartum depression in the immediate postpartum period. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 110:338-346.
- Dennis CL, Ross L (2006) Women's perceptions of partner support and conflict in the development of postpartum depressive symptoms. J Adv Nurs, 56:588-599.
- Di Florio A, Meltzer-Brody S (2015) Is postpartum depression a distinct disorder? Curr Psychiatry Rep, 17:1-6.
- Dudek D, Jaeschke R, Siwek M, Mączka G, Topór-Mądry R, Rybakowski J (2014) Postpartum depression: identifying associations with bipolarity and personality traits. Preliminary results from a cross-sectional study in Poland. Psychiatry Res, 215:69-74.
- Durat G, Kutlu Y (2010) Sakarya’da doğum sonrası depresyon sıklığı ve ilişkili faktörler. Yeni Symposium, 48:63-68.
- Feeney J, Alexander R, Noller P, Hohaush L (2003) Attachment insecurity, depression, and the transition to parenthood. Pers Relatsh, 10:475-493.
- Gotlib IH, Whiffen VE, Wallace PM, Mount JH (1991) Prospective investigation of postpartum depression: factors involved in onset and recovery. J Abnorm Psychol, 100:122-132.
- Gremigni P, Mariani L, Marracino V, Tranquilli AL, Turi A (2011) Partner support and postpartum depressive symptoms. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol, 32:135-140.
- Hairstone IS, Handelzalts JE, Assis C, Kovo M (2018). Postpartum bonding difficulties and adult attachment styles: the mediating role of postpartum depression and childbirth-related PTSD. Infant Ment Health J, 39:198-208.
- Hannah P, Adams D, Lee A, Glover V, Sandler M (1992) Links between early post partum mood and post-natal depression. Br J Psychiatry, 160:777-780.
- Harris B (1994) Biological and hormonal aspects of postpartum depressed mood: working towards strategies for prophylaxis and treatment. Br J Psychiatry, 164:288-292.
- Harris B, Lovett L, Roberts S, Read GF, Riad-Fahmy D (1993) Cardiff puerperal mood and hormone study. 1. Saliva steroid hormone profiles in late pregnancy and the
puerperium: endocrine factors and parturition. Horm Res, 39:138-145.
- Hazan C, Shaver P (1987) Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. J Pers Soc Psychol, 52:511-524.
- House JS (1981) Work, stress, and social support. Reading, MA, Addison-Wesley.
- House JS, Landis KR, Umberson D (1988) Social relationships and health. Science, 241:540-545.
- Ikeda M, Hayashi M, Kamibeppu K (2014) The relationship between attachment style and postpartum depression. Attach Hum Dev, 16:557-572.
- Iles J, Slade P, Spiby H (2011) Posttraumatic stress symptoms and postpartum depression in couples after childbirth: the role of partner support and attachment. J Anxiety Disord, 25:520-530.
- Johnstone SJ, Boyce PM, Hickey AR, Morris-Yates AD, Harris MG (2001) Obstetric risk factors for postnatal depression in urban and rural community samples. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 35:69-74.
- Kahn RL, Antonucci TC (1980) Convoys over the life course: Attachment, roles, and social support. In Life-span development and behavior, vol. 3, (Eds PB Baltes, O Brim):253-286. New York, Academic Press.
- Kang YR, Lee JS, Kang MC (2014) Adult attachment styles, self‐esteem, and depressive symptoms: A comparison between postpartum and nonpostpartum women in Korea. Pers Relatsh, 21:546-556.
- Kırkpınar İ, Tepeli-Öztürk I, Gözüm S, Pasinlioğlu T (2012) Doğum sonrası depresyon özgül bir tanı mıdır? İleriye dönük bir çalışma. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg, 13:16-23.
- Lee JS, Koo HJ (2015) The relationship between adult attachment and depression in Korean mothers during the first 2 years postpartum: A moderated mediation model of self-esteem and maternal efficacy. Pers Individ Dif, 79:50-56.
- Lemola S, Stadlmayr W, Grob A (2007) Maternal adjustment five months after birth: the impact of the subjective experience of childbirth and emotional support from the partner. J Reprod Infant Psychol, 25:190-202.
- Logsdon MC, Wisner KL, Pinto-Foltz MD (2006) The impact of postpartum depression on mothering. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs, 35:652-658.
- Logsdon MC, Wisner K, Hanusa BH (2009) Does maternal role functioning improve with antidepressant treatment in women with postpartum depression?. J Womens Health, 18:85-90.
- Martin-Santos R, Gelabert E, Subirà S, Gutierrez-Zotes A, Langorh K, Jover M et al. (2012) Is neuroticism a risk factor for postpartum depression?. Psychol Med, 42:1559-1565.
- McMahon C, Barnett B, Kowalenko N, Tennant C (2005) Psychological factors associated with persistent postnatal depression: past and current relationships, defence styles and the mediating role of insecure attachment style. J Affect Disord, 84:15-24.
- Milgrom J, Gemmill AW, Bilszta JL, Hayes B, Barnett B, Brooks J et al. (2008). Antenatal risk factors for postnatal depression: a large prospective study. J Affect Disord, 108:147-157.
- Mills EP, Finchilescu G, Lea SJ (1995) Postnatal depression-An examination of psychosocial factors. S Afr Med J, 85:99-105.
- O’Hara MW, McCabe JE (2013) Postpartum depression: Current status and future directions. Annu Rev Clin Psychol, 9:379-407.
- O'Hara MW, Swain AM (1996) Rates and risk of postpartum depression-a meta-analysis. Int Rev Psychiatry, 8:37-54.
- Pitt B (1968) “Atypical” depression following childbirth. Br J Psychiatry, 114:1325-1335.
- Reid KM, Taylor MG (2015) Social support, stress, and maternal postpartum depression: A comparison of supportive relationships. Soc Sci Res, 54:246-262.
- Robertson E, Celasun N, Stewart DE (2003) Risk factors for postpartum depression. In Postpartum depression: Literature review of risk factors and interventions, (Eds DE Stewart, E Robertson, CL Dennis, SL Grace, T Wallington):9-70. Toronto: University Health Network Women’s Health Program for Toronto Public Health.
- Ross LE, Sellers EM, Gilbert Evans SE, Romach MK (2004) Mood changes during pregnancy and the postpartum period: development of a biopsychosocial model. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 109:457-466.
- Sabuncuoğlu O, Berkem M (2006) Bağlanma biçemi ve doğum sonrası depresyon belirtileri arasındaki ilişki: Türkiye’den bulgular. Turk Psikiyatri Derg, 17:252-258.
- Saligheh M, Rooney RM, McNamara B, Kane RT (2014) The relationship between postnatal depression, sociodemographic factors, levels of partner support, and levels of physical activity. Front Psychol, 5:597.
- Sayil M, Güre A, Uçanok Z (2007) First time mothers' anxiety and depressive symptoms across the transition to motherhood: associations with maternal and environmental characteristics. Women Health, 44:61-77.
- Simpson JA, Rholes WS, Campbell L, Tran S, Wilson CL (2003) Adult attachment, the transition to parenthood, and depressive symptoms. J Pers Soc Psychol, 84:1172-1187.
- Stocky A, Lynch J (2000) Acute psychiatric disturbance in pregnancy and the puerperium. Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol, 14:73-87.
- Thoits PA (2011) Mechanisms linking social ties and support to physical and mental health. J Health Soc Behav, 52:145-161.
- Troutman BR, Cutrona CE (1990) Nonpsychotic postpartum depression among adolescent mothers. J Abnorm Psychol, 99:69-78.
- Turkcapar AF, Kadıoğlu N, Aslan E, Tunc S, Zayıfoğlu M, Mollamahmutoğlu L (2015) Sociodemographic and clinical features of postpartum depression among Turkish women: a prospective study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 15:108.
- Warner R, Appleby L, Whitton A, Faragher B (1996) Demographic and obstetric risk factors for postnatal psychiatric morbidity. Br J Psychiatry, 168:607-611.
- Whisman MA, Baucom DH (2012) Intimate relationships and psychopathology. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev, 15:4-13.
- Wright N, Hill J, Pickles A, Sharp H (2015) The specific role of relationship life events in the onset of depression during pregnancy and the postpartum. Plos One, 10:e0144131.
- Yalçınkaya Alkar Ö, Gençöz T (2005) Critical factors associated with early postpartum depression among Turkish women. Contemp Fam Ther, 27:263-275.
- Yelland J, Sutherland G, Brown SJ (2010) Postpartum anxiety, depression and social health: Findings from a population-based survey of Australian women. BMC Public Health, 10:771.