Group Psychotherapies in Eating Disorders

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 338 - 350, 30.09.2019

F. Elif Ergüney Okumuş , Ezgi Deveci

https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.439773

Cited By: 1

Öz

Eating disorders are one of the major psychiatric disorders that cause serious health problems. Although treatment methods are highly developed, the desired treatment level has not been reached yet. So, a full remission can only be achieved in half of the patients who applied for treatment. For a full recovery, a long-term treatment model which has been applied by a multidisciplinary team is recommended, but these treatments can be very costly. As in all psychological problems, it is very important to handle relational factors in the treatment of eating disorders and it is considered that if relational factors are the focus of interventions, it will enhance the effectiveness of treatment. This study examines how group psychotherapies are applied in different types of eating disorders, their theoretical origins, the focuses of practice and their effectiveness. In the light of the findings, it is understood that group psychotherapies are promising therapeutic options in terms of therapeutic efficacy and cost-effectiveness, which can be preferred for appropriate cases. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Eating Disorders, Group Psychotherapy, Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge Eating Disorder

Yeme Bozukluklarında Grup Psikoterapileri

Öz

Yeme bozuklukları ciddi sağlık sorunlarını beraberinde getiren, yaygınlığı artmakta olan ve gelişen tedavi yöntemlerine rağmen tedavi etkinliği henüz istenilen düzeye ulaşamayan psikiyatrik bir problem-dir. Tedaviye başvuran vakaların ancak yarısında tam remisyon sağlanabilmektedir. Bu süreçte multidi-sipliner bir ekiple uzun soluklu sürdürülen tedavi modelleri önerilmekte, fakat bu tedaviler de oldukça maliyetli olabilmektedir. Bütün psikolojik problemlerde olduğu gibi yeme bozukluklarının tedavisinin de ilişkisel faktörler açısından ele alınması önemlidir. Müdahale çalışmalarının da bu noktayı odak haline getirmesinin tedavi etkinliğini arttırmanın bir yolu olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada yeme bozukluklarının farklı türlerinde grup psikoterapilerinin nasıl yapıldığı, teorik kökenleri, uygulama odakları ve etkinliğine dair araştırmalar gözden geçirilmektedir. Alandaki çalışmaların bulguları ışığın-da, grup psikoterapilerinin yeme bozukluklarında uygun olan vakalar için tercih edilebilecek, ekonomik ve tedavi etkinliği açısından umut vaat eden bir tedavi seçeneği olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yeme Bozuklukları, Grup Psikoterapi, Anoreksiya Nervoza, Bulimiya Nervoza, Tıkınırcasına Yeme Bozukluğu

Kaynakça

• American Psychiatric Association (APA) (2000) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV-TR (Fourth edition text revision). Arlington, VA, American Psychiatric Association.
• American Psychiatric Association (APA) (2013) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5 (5th ed.). Arlington, VA, US, American Psychiatric Association.
• Athanassios A (2013) Group analysis and eating disorders: a study of the therapeutic impact of group-analytic psychotherapy on women suffering from anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Group Analysis, 16:41-46.
• Bahadır G, Yücel B (2013) Bulimiya nervozada grup psikoterapisi. In Yeme Bozuklukları ve Obezite Tanı ve Tedavi Kitabı (Eds. B Yücel, AK Akdemir, AG Küey, F Maner, E Vardar):237-249. Ankara, Türkiye Psikiyatri Derneği.
• Bailer U, de Zwaan M, Leisch F, Strnad A, Lennkh-Wolfsberg C, El-Giamal N et al. (2004) Guided self-help versus cognitive-behavioral group therapy in the treatment of bulimia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord, 35(4): 522-537.
• Birchall H (1999) Interpersonal psychotherapy in the treatment of eating disorders. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 7:315-320.
• Chen E, Touyz SW, Beumon PJ, Fairburn CG, Griffiths R, Butow P et al. (2003) Comparison of group and individual cognitive- behavioral therapy for patients with bulimia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord, 33:241-254.
• Cooper Z, Allen E, Bailey-Straebler S, Basden S, Murphy R, O’Connor ME, Fairburn CG (2016) Predictors and moderators of response to enhanced cognitive behaviour therapy and interpersonal psychotherapy for the treatment of eating disorders. Behav Res Ther, 84:9-13.
• Cowdrey ND, Waller G (2015) Are we really delivering evidence-based treatments for eating disorders? How eating-disordered patients describe their experience of cognitive behavioral therapy. Behav Res Ther, 75:72-77.
• Dean HY, Touyz SW, Rieger E, Thornton CE (2008) Group motivational enhancement therapy as an adjunct to ınpatient treatment for eating disorders: a preliminary study. Eur Eat Disord Rev, 16: 256–267.
• Fairburn CG (1981) A cognitive behavioural approach to the treatment of bulimia. Psychol Med, 11:707-711.
• Fairburn CG, Cooper Z, Doll HA, O’Connor ME, Bohn K, Hawker DM et al. (2009) Transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for patients with eating disorders: a two-site trial with 60-week follow-up. Am J Psychiatry, 166:311-319.
• Fairburn CG (2008) Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Eating Disorders. New York, Guilford Press.
• Fairburn CG, Cooper PJ (1989) Eating disorders. In Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Psychiatric Problems: A Practical Guide, (Eds K Hawton et al). New York, Oxford University Press. Fairburn CG, Cooper Z, Doll HA, Norman P, O’Connor M (2000) The natural course of bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder in young women. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 57:659-665.
• Fairburn CG, Bailey-Straebler S, Basden S, Doll HA, Jones R, Murphy R et al. (2015) A transdiagnostic comparison of enhanced cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT-E) and interpersonal psychotherapy in the treatment of eating disorders. Behav Res Ther, 70:64-71.
• Feld R, Woodside DB, Kaplan AS, Olmsted MP, Carter JC (2000) Pretreatment motivational enhancement therapy for eating disorders A pilot study. Int J Eat Disord, 29:393-400.
• Garner DM (2002) Body Image and Anorexia Nervosa. Body Image: A handbook of theory, research and clinical practice, (Eds T. Cash, T Prozinsky): 295-303. New York, Guilford Press.
• Gordon KH, Denoma JM, Joiner TE (2005) The classification of eating disorders. In Assessment of Eating Disorders. (Eds JE Mitchell, CB. Peterson):17-31. New York, Guilford Press.
• Gorin AA, Le Grange D, Stone AA (2003) Effectiveness of spouse involvement in cognitive behavioral therapy for binge eating disorder. Int J Eat Disord, 33:421-433.
• Görgülü Y (2013) Yeme bozukluklarında tanı ve sınıflandırma. In Yeme Bozuklukları ve Obezite Tanı ve Tedavi Kitabı, (Eds B Yücel, A Karakoç Akdemir, A Gürdal Küey, F Maner, E Vardar):10-27. Ankara, Türkiye Psikiyatri Derneği.
• Hague A, Kovacich J (2007) A needs assessment for health care professionals in the detection, ıntervention and ınterdisciplinary treatment of bulimia nervosa using focus group methodology. Int Electron J Health Educ, 10:114-125.
• Hartman-McGilley B (2006) Group therapy for adolescents with eating disorders: challenges and rewards. Group, 30: 321-336.
• Hay P (2013) A systematic review of evidence for psychological treatments in eating disorders: 2005–2012. Int J Eat Disord, 46:462–469.
• Herzog DB, Eddy KT (2007) Diagnosis, epidemiology, and clinical course of eating disorders. In Clinical Manual of Eating Disorders. (Eds J Yager, PS Power):1-29, Washington DC, American Psychiatric Publishing.
• Hinney A, Volckmar AL (2013) Genetics of eating disorders. Curr Psychiatry Rep, 15:423.
• Inbody DR, Ellis JJ (1985) Group therapy for anorexic and bulimic patients; implications for therapeutic interventions. Am J Psychother, 39:411-420.
• Izydorczyk B, Niziołek E (2010) Application of group psychotherapy in the treatment of adolescent girls and women with anorexia nervosa (a model of therapeutic work conducted in the “Dąbrówka” Neurosis and Eating Disorders Centre – author’s own experience). Arch Psychiat Psychother, 3:27–35.
• Jakubowska A, Woolgar MJ, Haselton PA Jones A (2013) Review of staff and client experiences of a motivational group intervention: meeting the needs of contemplators. Eat Disord, 21:16–25.
• Katzman MA, Bara-Carril N, Rabe-Hesketh S, Schmidt U, Troop N, Treasure JA (2010) Randomized controlled two-stage trial in the treatment of bulimia nervosa, comparing CBT versus motivational enhancement in phase 1 followed by group versus individual CBT in phase 2. Psychosom Med, 72:656–663.
• Keski-Rahkonen A, Mustelin L (2016) Epidemiology of eating disorders in Europe: prevalence, incidence, comorbidity, course, consequences, and risk factors. Curr Opin Psychiatry, 29:340-345.
• Klein AS, Skinner JB, Hawley KM (2012) Adapted group‐based dialectical behaviour therapy for binge eating in a practicing clinic: clinical outcomes and attrition. Eur Eat Disord Rev, 20:148-153.
• Lamoureux MM Bottorff JL (2005) Becoming the real me: Recovering from anorexia nervosa. Health Care Women Int, 26:170-188.
• Lavender A, Startup H, Naumann U, Samarawickrema N, DeJong H, Kenyon M et al. (2012) Emotional and social mind training: a randomised controlled trial of a new group-based treatment for bulimia nervosa. PloS One, 7:e46047.
• Lazaro L, Font E, Moreno E, Calvo R, Vila M, Andrés-Perpiñá S et al. (2011) Effectiveness of self-esteem and social skills group therapy in adolescent eating disorder patients attending a day hospital treatment programme. Eur Eat Disord Rev, 19:398-406.
• Lenihan G, Ove Sanders CD (1984) Guidelines for group therapy with eating disorder victims. J Couns Dev, 63:252-254.
• Leung N, Waller G, Thomas G (1999) Group cognitive-behavioural therapy for anorexia nervosa: a case for treatment? Eur Eat Disord Rev, 7: 351-361.
• Lilienfeld S, Ritschel L, Lynn S, Brown A, Cautin R, Latzman R (2013) The research-practice Gap: Bridging the schism between eating disorder researchers and practitioners. Int J Eat Disord, 46:386–394.
• Linardon J, Fairburn CG, Fitzsimmons-Craft EE, Wilfley DE, Brennan L (2017) The empirical status of the third-wave behaviour therapies for the treatment of eating disorders: A systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev.58:125-140.
• Lock J ve Gowers S (2005) Effective interventions for adolescents with anorexia nervosa. J Ment Health, 14:599 – 610.
• Masheb RM, Grilo CM (2006) Emotional overeating and its associations with eating disorder psychopathology among overweight patients with binge eating disorder. Int J Eat Disord, 39:141-146.
• NICE (2017) Eating Disorders: Recognition and Treatment. London, UK, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.
• Nevonen L, Broberg AG (2006) A Comparison of sequenced individual and group psychotherapy for patients with bulimia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord, 39:117–127.
• Nichols S, Gusella J (2003) Food for thought: Will adolescent girls with eating disorders self-monitor in a CBT group? Can Child Adolesc Psychiatr Rev, 12:37-39.
• Oğlağu Z, Küey AG (2013) Tarihçe. In Yeme Bozuklukları ve Obezite Tanı Ve Tedavi Kitabı, (Eds B Yücel, A Karakoç Akdemir, A Gürdal Küey, F Maner, E Vardar):337-350. Ankara, Türkiye Psikiyatri Derneği.
• Okamoto Y, Miyake Y, Nagasawa I, Shishida K (2017) A 10-year follow-up study of completers versus dropouts following treatment with an integrated cognitive-behavioral group therapy for eating disorders. J Eat Disord, 5:52.
• Peterson CB, Crosby RD, Wonderlich SA, Mitchell JE, Crow SJ, Engel S (2013) Predicting group cognitive-behavioral therapy outcome of binge eating disorder using empirical classification. Behav Res Ther, 51:526-532.
• Pike KM, Dunne PE (2015) The rise of eating disorders in Asia: a review. J Eat Disord, 3:33.
• Pisetsky EM, Durkin NE, Crosby RD, Berg KC, Mitchell JE, Crow SJ et al. (2015) Examination of early group dynamics and treatment outcome in a randomized controlled trial of group cognitive behavior therapy for binge eating disorder. Behav Res Ther, 73:74-78.
• Polivy C ve Herman CP (2002) Causes of eating disorders. Annu Rev Psychol, 53:187-213.
• Polnay A, James VAW, Hodges L, Murray GD, Munro C, Lawrie SM (2014) Group therapy for people with bulimia nervosa: systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med, 44:2241-2254.
• Ponech H (2012) Coming together to calm the hunger: group therapy program for adults diagnosed with anorexia nervosa (Masters thesis). Alberta, Canada, University of Lethbridge.
• Prestano C, Lo Coco G, Gullo S, Lo Verso G (2008) Group analytic therapy for eating disorders: preliminary results in a single-group study. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 16:302–310.
• Rieger E, Van Buren D J, Bishop M, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Welch R, Wilfley DE (2010) An eating disorder-specific model of interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT-ED) Causal pathways and treatment implications. Clin Psychol Rev, 30:400–410.
• Rosenvinge JH (1990) Group therapy for anorexic and bulimic patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 82:38-43.
• Safer DL ve Jo B (2010) Outcome from a randomized controlled trial of group therapy for binge eating disorder: comparing dialectical behavior therapy adapted for binge eating to an active comparison group therapy. Behav Ther, 41:106-120.
• Safer DL, Telch CF, Chen EY (2009) Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Binge Eating and Bulimia. New York, Guilford Press.
• Simpson SG, Morrow E, Vresewijk M, Reid C (2010) Group schema therapy for eating disorders: A pilot study. Front Psychol, 1:182.
• Stein D, Zubery E, Latzer Y (2011) Group cognitive behavioral therapy in hospitalized adolescent females with eating disorders. cognitive therapy of eating disorders on control and worry. (Eds S Sassoroli, GM Ruggiero):121-135. New York, Nova Science Publishers.
• Stice E, Rohde P, Butryn M, Menke KS, Marti CN (2015) Randomized controlled pilot trial of a novel dissonance-based group treatment for eating disorders. Behav Res Ther, 65:67-75.
• Striegel-Moore RH, Leslie D, Petrill SA, Garvin V, Rosenheck RA (2000) One-year use and cost of inpatient and outpatient services among female and male patients with an eating disorder: Evidence from a national database of health insurance claims. Int J Eat Disord, 27:381–389.
• Tantillo M (2003) Eating disorders multifamily therapy group: capitalizing on the healing power of relationships. Eating Disorders Today, 2:12-13.
• Tasca GA, Balfour L, Presniak MD, Bissada H (2012) Outcomes of specific interpersonal problems for binge eating disorder: comparing group psychodynamic interpersonal psychotherapy and group cognitive behavioral therapy. Int J Group Psychother, 62:197-218.
• Telch CF, Agras WS, Linehan MM (2000) Group dialectical behavior therapy for binge-eating disorder: A preliminary, uncontrolled trial. Behav Ther, 31:569-582.
• Treasure J, Schmidt U (2001) Ready, willing and able to change motivational aspects of the assessment and treatment of eating disorders. Eur Eat Disord Rev, 9:4-18.
• Treasure J, Schmidt U, Troop N, Tiller J, Todd G, Keilen M, Dodge E (1994) First step in managing bulimia nervosa: controlled trial of therapeutic manual. BMJ, 308:686-689.
• Treasure J, Schmidt U, Troop N, Tiller J, Todd G, Turnbull S (1996) Sequential treatment for bulimia nervosa incorporating a self-care manual. Br J Psychiatry, 168 94-98.
• Turner H, Marshall E, Stopa L, Waller G (2015) Cognitive-behavioural therapy for outpatients with eating disorders: Effectiveness for a transdiagnostic group in a routine clinical setting. Behai Res Ther, 68 70-75.
• Vandereycken W (2011) Can eating disorders become ‘contagious’ in group therapy and specialized ınpatient care? Eur Eat Disord Rev, 19:289–295.
• Vardar E, Erzengin M (2011) Ergenlerde yeme bozukluklarının yaygınlığı ve psikiyatrik eş tanıları: iki aşamalı toplum merkezli bir çalışma. Turk Psikiyatri Derg, 22:205-212.
• Waller G (2016) Recent advances in psychological therapies for eating disorders. F1000Res, 5:F1000 Faculty Rev-702.
• Waller G, Tatham M, Turner H, Mountford VA, Bennetts A, Bramwell K et al. (2018) A 10-session cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT-T) for eating disorders: Outcomes from a case series of nonunderweight adult patients. Int J Eat Disord, 51:262-269.
• Wanlass J, Moreno JK, Thomson HM (2005) Group therapy for eating disorders: a retrospective case study. The Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 30:47-66.
• Weaver K, Wuest J, Ciliska D (2005) Understanding women’s journey of recovering from anorexia nervosa. Qual Health Res, 15:188-206.
• Wolff GE, Clark MM (2001) Changes in eating self-efficacy and body image following cognitive–behavioral group therapy for binge eating disorder: A clinical study. Eat Behav, 2:97-104.
• Yalom ID (1995) The Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy (2nd ed). New York, Basic Books.
• Yellowlees P (1988) Group psychotherapy in anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord, 7:649-655.
• Zerbe KJ (2001) The crucial role of psychodynamic understanding in the treatment of eating disorders. Psychiatr Clin North Am, 24:305-313.
• Zerwas SC, Watson HJ, Hofmeier SM, Levine MD, Hamer RM, Crosby RD et al. (2017) CBT4BN: A randomized controlled trial of online chat and face-to-face group therapy for bulimia nervosa. Psychother Psychosom, 86:47-53.
• Zipfel S, Wild B, Groß G, Friederich HC, Teufel M, Schellberg D et al (2014). Focal psychodynamic therapy, cognitive behaviour therapy, and optimised treatment as usual in outpatients with anorexia nervosa (ANTOP study): randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 383:127-137.