Covid-19 Pandemisinde Toplum ve Sağlık Çalışanlarının Ruh Sağlığı ve Koruyucu Önlemler

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 126 - 134, 31.03.2021

Filiz İzci , Filiz Kulacaoğlu , Engin Bestepe

https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.744984

Cited By: 4

Öz

Pandemi gibi tüm dünyayı etkileyen ölümlere neden olan salgınlarda, toplumun psikososyal, ekonomik ve fiziksel kayıplardan etkilenmesinin yanı sıra; topluma en önde ruhsal ve fiziksel hizmet sunan sağlık çalışanları en çok etkilenen grup olmaktadır. Küresel tehdit oluşturan bu tür salgınlar; toplumda endişe, depresyon, ölüm kaygısı, yakınlarını kaybetme endişesi, belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlik gibi psikiyatrik belirtilere, salgın nedeniyle karantina uygulamalarının oluşturduğu psikososoyal ve ekonomik güçlüklere neden olmaktadır. Toplumun yanı sıra, tüm toplumu sosyoekonomik ve ruhsal yönden etkileyen pandemilerde; büyük ölçüde sosyal ve iş sorumluluğu yüklenen sağlık çalışanlarının ruhsal sağlığı da etkilenmektedir. Bu nedenle yazımızda; 2020 yılında tüm dünyayı etkisi altına alan COVID-19 pandemisinin, toplum ve sağlık çalışanları üzerindeki ruhsal etkisini ve alınabilecek koruyucu önlemleri derlemeyi planladık.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19, pandemi, sağlık çalışanları, ruh sağlığı

Mental Health and Protective Measures of Community and Healthcare Workers in the Covid-19 Pandemic

Öz

Pandemic is an epidemic that exceeds international borders and generally affects people around the world. In addition to economic and psychosocial problems, pandemic causes additional mental health problems such as anxiety, depressive symptoms, insomnia, anger, fear, and denial. A pandemic is an epidemic occurring on a scale that crosses international boundaries, usually affecting people on a worldwide scale. The pandemic causes additional mental health problems such as anxiety, depressive symptoms, insomnia, anger, fear, and denial besides economic and psychosocial problems. However physical and mental health of medical staff is affected, who carry major responsibilities both socially and professionally. With this compilation, we aimed to emphasize the importance of the psychological needs of both healthcare workers and the community these days that the COVID-19 pandemic has affected all of the worlds.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID 19, pandemic, mental health, health workers

Kaynakça

• 1. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497-506. 2. Honigsbaum M. Living with Enza: the forgotten story of Britain and the great flu pandemic of 1918: Springer; 2016. 3. Ackerman JM, Becker DV, Mortensen CR, Sasaki T, Neuberg SL, Kenrick DT. A pox on the mind: Disjunction of attention and memory in the processing of physical disfigurement. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2009;45(3):478-85. 4. Schaller M. Parasites, behavioral defenses, and the social psychological mechanisms through which cultures are evoked. Psychological Inquiry. 2006;17(2):96-101. 5. Terrizzi Jr JA, Shook NJ, McDaniel MA. The behavioral immune system and social conservatism: A meta-analysis. Evolution and Human Behavior. 2013;34(2):99-108. 6. Mortensen CR, Becker DV, Ackerman JM, Neuberg SL, Kenrick DT. Infection breeds reticence: The effects of disease salience on self-perceptions of personality and behavioral avoidance tendencies. Psychological Science. 2010;21(3):440-7. 7. Schaller M, Murray DR. Pathogens, personality, and culture: Disease prevalence predicts worldwide variability in sociosexuality, extraversion, and openness to experience. Journal of personality and social psychology. 2008;95(1):212. 8. Houston V, Bull R. Do people avoid sitting next to someone who is facially disfigured? European Journal of Social Psychology. 1994;24(2):279-84. 9. Norris FH, Friedman MJ, Watson PJ. 60,000 disaster victims speak: Part II. Summary and implications of the disaster mental health research. Psychiatry: Interpersonal and biological processes. 2002;65(3):240-60. 10. Slovic P. Perception of risk. Science. 1987;236(4799):280-5. 11. Kiecolt-Glaser JK, McGuire L, Robles TF, Glaser R. Emotions, morbidity, and mortality: new perspectives from psychoneuroimmunology. Annual review of psychology. 2002;53(1):83-107. 12. Schaller M, Murray DR, Bangerter A. Implications of the behavioural immune system for social behaviour and human health in the modern world. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 2015;370(1669):20140105. 13. Wheaton MG, Abramowitz JS, Berman NC, Fabricant LE, Olatunji BO. Psychological predictors of anxiety in response to the H1N1 (swine flu) pandemic. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 2012;36(3):210-8. 14. Torales J, O’Higgins M, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Ventriglio A. The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus and its impact on global mental health. International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 2020:0020764020915212. 15. Organization WH. Pandemic (H1N1). Geneva: WHO, 2010b[Cited 2010 May 7] Available from: URL: http: www who int/esr/don/2010_05_07/en/index html. 2009. 16. Cohn Jr SK. The Black Death: end of a paradigm. The American Historical Review. 2002;107(3):703-38. 17. Li X, Wang W, Zhao X, Zai J, Zhao Q, Li Y, et al. Transmission dynamics and evolutionary history of 2019‐nCoV. Journal of medical virology. 2020. 18. Weiss SR, Leibowitz JL. Coronavirus pathogenesis. Advances in virus research. 81: Elsevier; 2011. p. 85-164. 19. Agrawal S, Goel AD, Gupta N. Emerging prophylaxis strategies against COVID-19. Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease. 2020;90(1). 20. Mak IWC, Chu CM, Pan PC, Yiu MGC, Chan VL. Long-term psychiatric morbidities among SARS survivors. General hospital psychiatry. 2009;31(4):318-26. 21. Xiang Y-T, Yang Y, Li W, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Cheung T, et al. Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(3):228-9. 22. Cao W, Fang Z, Hou G, Han M, Xu X, Dong J, et al. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry research. 2020:112934. 23. Liu N, Zhang F, Wei C, Jia Y, Shang Z, Sun L, et al. Prevalence and predictors of PTSS during COVID-19 outbreak in China hardest-hit areas: Gender differences matter. Psychiatry research. 2020:112921. 24. Li S, Wang Y, Xue J, Zhao N, Zhu T. The impact of COVID-19 epidemic declaration on psychological consequences: a study on active Weibo users. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2020;17(6):2032. 25. Zhong B-L, Luo W, Li H-M, Zhang Q-Q, Liu X-G, Li W-T, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 among Chinese residents during the rapid rise period of the COVID-19 outbreak: a quick online cross-sectional survey. International journal of biological sciences. 2020;16(10):1745. 26. Thomas LR, Ripp JA, West CP. Charter on physician well-being. Jama. 2018;319(15):1541-2. 27. Kang L, Ma S, Chen M, Yang J, Wang Y, Li R, et al. Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study. Brain, behavior, and immunity. 2020. 28. Kang L, Li Y, Hu S, Chen M, Yang C, Yang BX, et al. The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan, China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(3):e14. 29. Fagiolini A, Cuomo A, Frank E. COVID-19 diary from a psychiatry department in Italy. J Clin Psychiatry. 2020;81(3):20com13357. 30. Corruble E. A Viewpoint From Paris on the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Necessary Turn to Telepsychiatry. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2020;81(3). 31. Tam CW, Pang EP, Lam LC, Chiu HF. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong in 2003: stress and psychological impact among frontline healthcare workers. Psychological medicine. 2004;34(7):1197-204. 32. Maunder R, Hunter J, Vincent L, Bennett J, Peladeau N, Leszcz M, et al. The immediate psychological and occupational impact of the 2003 SARS outbreak in a teaching hospital. Cmaj. 2003;168(10):1245-51. 33. Shultz JM, Espinel Z, Flynn BW, Hoffman Y, Cohen RE. DEEP PREP: all-hazards disaster behavioral health training. Tampa, Florida: Disaster Life Support Publishing. 2007. 34. Huremović D. Psychiatry of Pandemics: A Mental Health Response to Infection Outbreak: Springer; 2019. 35. Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet. 2020. 36. https://www.psikiyatri.org.tr/TPDData/Uploads/files/KarantinaCOVID.pdf [Internet]. 37. Liu X, Kakade M, Fuller CJ, Fan B, Fang Y, Kong J, et al. Depression after exposure to stressful events: lessons learned from the severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic. Comprehensive psychiatry. 2012;53(1):15-23. 38. Reynolds DL, Garay J, Deamond S, Moran MK, Gold W, Styra R. Understanding, compliance and psychological impact of the SARS quarantine experience. Epidemiology & Infection. 2008;136(7):997-1007. 39. Ogden J. Psychosocial theory and the creation of the risky self. Social Science & Medicine. 1995;40(3):409-15. 40. Aydın D. Afet Sonrasi Psi̇kososyal Destek Uygulamalari. İnsani ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Merkezi. 2012:1-9. 41. Parker J. Mending Our Nets: Psychosocial Care in Post-Katrina New Orleans. Seattle J Soc Just. 2008;7:37. 42. Rubin GJ, Amlôt R, Page L, Wessely S. Public perceptions, anxiety, and behaviour change in relation to the swine flu outbreak: cross sectional telephone survey. Bmj. 2009;339:b2651.