Telepresence Robots As A Service Robot

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 649 - 667, 29.12.2021

Ahmet İlker Akbaba , Çağla Gündoğdu

https://doi.org/10.47097/piar.1026348

Öz

Industry 4.0, which is the industrial revolution of the twenty-first century, is an approach based on the principle of minimizing the human factor with all its components in the mechanization and digitalization process and ensuring maximum efficiency in production processes. In order to adapt to the digital age, it is aimed to achieve cost optimization by adapting many components to the production processes at the same time or in different time periods. Within the scope of Industry 4.0, robot systems equipped with multiple hardware and advanced software, capable of imitating human behavior with artificial intelligence, initiating movement and controlled by computers, were included in the production processes. Telepresence robots, which allow remote control with a tablet or computer screen and stand, taking users away from time and space constraints, allowing to be in a different location and displaying activities in this location, have started to be used as a sub-title of this electromechanical system. Professional robots for health, accommodation, construction and agriculture sectors are developed, produced and sold. Telepresence robots have also started to be used in various fields with the opportunities they offer. In this study, the definition, working principle and general usage areas of telepresence robots, which is a very new concept and rarely mentioned in the literature, are mentioned.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Telepresence, robot, service, industry 4.0

Bir Servis Robotu Olarak Telepresence (Uzabulunum) Robotlar

Öz

Yirmi birinci yüz yılın sanayi devrimi olan Endüstri 4.0, makineleşme ve dijitalleşme sürecinde tüm bileşenleriyle insan unsurunun en aza indirgenerek üretim süreçlerinde maksimum verimin sağlanması prensibine dayanan bir yaklaşımdır. Dijital çağa uyum sağlayabilmek adına birçok bileşeninin ayı anda ya da farklı farklı zaman dilimlerinde üretim süreçlerine uyarlanarak maliyet optimizasyonunun sağlanması hedeflenmiştir. Endüstri 4.0 kapsamında üretim süreçlerine birden fazla donanım ve ileri düzeyde yazılımlarla donatılmış, yapay zekâ tabanıyla insan davranışlarını taklit edebilme, hareket başlatabilme kabiliyetlerine sahip ve bilgisayarlar aracılığıyla kontrol edilebilen robot sistemleri dahil edilmiştir. Kullanıcıları zaman ve mekân kısıtından uzaklaştırarak, bir tablet ya da bilgisayar ekranı ve standı ile uzaktan kontrole imkân veren, farklı bir konumda olabilme ve bu konum içerisinde faaliyet gösterimine imkân veren telepresence robotlar ise bu elektromekanik sistemin bir alt başlığı olarak kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Sağlık, konaklama, inşaat, tarım sektörlerine yönelik profesyonel robotlar geliştirilip, üretilip-satılmaktadır. Telepresence robotlar da sunduğu imkanlarla çeşitli alanlarda kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada da çok yeni bir kavram olan ve literatürde çok az değinilen telepresence robotların tanımına, çalışma prensibine ve genel olarak kullanım alanlarına değinilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Uzabulunum, telepresence, robot, hizmet, endüstri 4.0

Kaynakça

• Akbaba, A. İ. (2019). Endüstri 4.0 ve 3 Boyutlu Yazıcılar. Ankara: İmaj Yayınevi.
• Aymaz, Ş. (2016). Bir Uzabulunum Robotun Tasarımı ve Gerçeklenmesi (Doktora Tezi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi).
• Bahrin, M. A. K., Othman, M. F., Azli, N. H. N., & Talib, M. F. (2016). Industry 4.0: A review on industrial automation and robotic. Jurnal Teknologi, 78(6-13).
• Bevilacqua, R., Cesta, A., Cortellessa, G., Macchione, A., Orlandini, A., & Tiberio, L. (2014). Telepresence robot at home: a long-term case study. In Ambient Assisted Living (pp. 73-85). Springer, Cham.
• Caldwell, D. G., Wardle, A., Kocak, O., & Goodwin, M. (1996). Telepresence feedback and input systems for a twin armed mobile robot. IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine, 3(3), 29-38.
• Carranza, K. A. R., Day, N. J. B., Lin, L. M. S., Ponce, A. R., Reyes, W. R. O., Abad, A. C., & Baldovino, R. G. (2018, November). Akibot: A telepresence robot for medical teleconsultation. In 2018 IEEE 10th International Conference on Humanoid, Nanotechnology, Information Technology, Communication and Control, Environment and Management (HNICEM) (pp. 1-4). IEEE.
• Cha, E., Chen, S., & Mataric, M. J. (2017, August). Designing telepresence robots for K-12 education. In 2017 26th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN) (pp. 683-688). IEEE.
• Choi, B., Lee, W., Park, G., Lee, Y., Min, J., & Hong, S. (2019). Development and control of a military rescue robot for casualty extraction task. Journal of Field Robotics, 36(4), 656-676.
• Cortellessa, G., Fracasso, F., Sorrentino, A., Orlandini, A., Bernardi, G., Coraci, L., ... & Cesta, A. (2018). ROBIN, a telepresence robot to support older users monitoring and social inclusion: development and evaluation. Telemedicine and e-Health, 24(2), 145-154.
• Çavdar, T., Aymaz, Ş., ve Aymaz, S. Uzabulunum Robotlarda Konum Tespiti Detection Position Of Telepresence Robots.
• Çavdar, T., ve Aymaz, Ş. Bir Uzabulum (Telepresence) Robotun Tasarımı Ve Gerçeklenmesi.
• Çengelci, B., ve Çimen, H. (2005). Endüstriyel Robotlar. Makine Teknolojileri Elektronik Dergisi, 2(2), 69-78.
• Fırat, S. Ü., ve Fırat, O. Z. (2017). Dördüncü Sanayi Devriminde Riskler Robotlar Ve Yapay Zekanın Yönetişim Sorunları. Global Sanayici: Ekonomi Ve İş Dünyası Dergisi, 8(81), 66-70.
• Fischer, A. J., Bloomfield, B. S., Clark, R. R., Mcclelland, A. L., & Erchul, W. P. (2019). Increasing Student Compliance With Teacher İnstructions Using Telepresence Robot Problem-Solving Teleconsultation. International Journal Of School & Educational Psychology, 7(Sup1), 158-172.
• Gao, Z., Wanyama, T., Singh, I., Gadhrri, A., & Schmidt, R. (2020). From industry 4.0 to robotics 4.0-a conceptual framework for collaborative and intelligent robotic systems. Procedia Manufacturing, 46, 591-599.
• Goel, R., & Gupta, P. (2020). Robotics and industry 4.0. In A Roadmap to Industry 4.0: Smart Production, Sharp Business and Sustainable Development (pp. 157-169). Springer, Cham.
• Gonzalez-Jimenez, J., Galindo, C., & Gutierrez-Castaneda, C. (2013, June). Evaluation of a telepresence robot for the elderly: a spanish experience. In International Work-Conference on the Interplay Between Natural and Artificial Computation (pp. 141-150). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
• Hai, N. D. X., Nam, L. H. T., & Thinh, N. T. (2019, July). Remote healthcare for the elderly, patients by tele-presence robot. In 2019 International Conference on System Science and Engineering (ICSSE) (pp. 506-510). IEEE.
• IJsselsteijn, W. A. (2005). History of telepresence. 3D Communication: Algorithms, concepts and real-time systems in human centred communication, John Wiley & Sons: Chichester.
• Jakonen, T., & Jauni, H. (2021). Mediated Learning Materials: Visibility Checks İn Telepresence Robot Mediated Classroom İnteraction. Classroom Discourse, 12(1-2), 121-145.
• Julian, R. G., & Anderson, T. R. (1988). Robotic telepresence: Applications of human controlled robots in Air Force maintenance. HARRY G ARMSTRONG AEROSPACE MEDICAL RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH.
• Koceski, S., & Koceska, N. (2016). Evaluation of an assistive telepresence robot for elderly healthcare. Journal of medical systems, 40(5), 121.
• Kuo, C. H., Chen, C. C., Wang, W. C., Hung, Y. C., Lin, E. C., Lee, K. M., & Lin, Y. M. (2006, October). Remote control based hybrid-structure robot design for home security applications. In 2006 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (pp. 4484-4489). IEEE.
• Kwon, O. H., Koo, S. Y., Kim, Y. G., & Kwon, D. S. (2010, October). Telepresence robot system for English tutoring. In 2010 ieee workshop on advanced robotics and its social impacts (pp. 152-155). IEEE.
• Kwon, Y., Kim, D., Ceylan, D., & Fuchs, H. (2021). Neural Human Performer: Learning Generalizable Radiance Fields for Human Performance Rendering. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 34. Leeb, R., Tonin, L., Rohm, M., Desideri, L., Carlson, T., & Millan, J. D. R. (2015). Towards independence: a BCI telepresence robot for people with severe motor disabilities. Proceedings of the IEEE, 103(6), 969-982.
• Matsuda, A., Miyaki, T., & Rekimoto, J. (2017, March). ScalableBody: a telepresence robot that supports face position matching using a vertical actuator. In Proceedings of the 8th Augmented Human International Conference (pp. 1-9).
• Mubin, O., Stevens, C.J., Shahid, S., Mahmud, A.A., & Dong, J. J. (2013). A Review Of The Applicability Of Robots İn Education. Journal Of Technology İn Education And Learning, 1, 1-7.
• Oh-Hun Kwon, Seong-Yong Koo, Young-Geun Kim & Dong-Soo Kwon (2010). "Telepresence Robot System For English Tutoring," 2010 IEEE Workshop On Advanced Robotics And İts Social Impacts, Pp. 152-155.
• Okamura, E., & Tanaka, F. (2016). A pilot study about remote teaching by elderly people to children over a two-way telepresence robot system. In 2016 11th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) (pp. 489-490). IEEE.
• Page, A., Charteris, J., & Berman, J. (2020). Telepresence Robot Use For Children With Chronic Illness İn Australian Schools: A Scoping Review And Thematic Analysis. International Journal Of Social Robotics, 1-13.
• Rangel, R., Romero, L., & Garcia, M. (2015). Paynal, a low cost telepresence robot. In 2015 IEEE International Autumn Meeting on Power, Electronics and Computing (ROPEC) (pp. 1-4). IEEE.
• Richert, A., Shehadeh, M., Plumanns, L., Groß, K., Schuster, K., & Jeschke, S. (2016). Educating engineers for industry 4.0: Virtual worlds and human-robot-teams: Empirical studies towards a new educational age. In 2016 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON) (pp. 142-149). Ieee.
• Ryu, J. G., Shim, H. M., Kil, S. K., Lee, E. H., Choi, H. H., & Hong, S. H. (2006). Design and implementation of real-time security guard robot using CDMA networking. In 2006 8th International Conference Advanced Communication Technology (Vol. 3, pp. 6-pp). IEEE.
• Satava, R. M. (1997). Virtual reality and telepresence for military medicine. Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore, 26(1), 118-120.
• Schultz, R. J., Nakajima, R., & Nomura, J. (1991). Telepresence mobile robot for security applications. In Proceedings IECON'91: 1991 International Conference on Industrial Electronics, Control and Instrumentation (pp. 1063-1066). IEEE.
• Severinson-Eklundh, K., Green, A., & Hüttenrauch, H. (2003). Social and collaborative aspects of interaction with a service robot. Robotics and Autonomous systems, 42(3-4), 223-234.
• Sharma, A., Tyagi, S., Mittal, D., & Pundir, S. (2019). Third Eye of Indian Army with Virtual Telepresence Robot. International Journal of Radio Frequency Design, 5(1), 27-34.
• Stoll, B., Reig, S., He, L., Kaplan, I., Jung, M. F., & Fussell, S. R. (2018). Wait, can you move the robot? examining telepresence robot use in collaborative teams. In Proceedings of the 2018 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (pp. 14-22). Tan, Q., Denojean-Mairet, M., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Pivot, F. C., & Treu, R. (2019). Toward A Telepresence Robot Empowered Smart Lab. Smart Learning Environments, 6(1), 1-19.
• Tanaka, F., Takahashi, T., Matsuzoe, S., Tazawa, N., & Morita, M. (2013). Child-operated telepresence robot: a field trial connecting classrooms between Australia and Japan. In 2013 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (pp. 5896-5901). IEEE.
• Temizkan, M. (2014) Eğitimde Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar: Robot Uygulamaları.
• Tonin, L., Carlson, T., Leeb, R., & Millán, J. D. R. (2011). Brain-controlled telepresence robot by motor-disabled people. In 2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (pp. 4227-4230). IEEE.
• Topkaya, Ö. (2016). Dünyada Endüstriyel Robot Sektörü Ve Çalışma Hayatına Etkileri. Ataturk University Journal Of Economics & Administrative Sciences, 30(5).
• Trovato, G., Lopez, A., Paredes, R., & Cuellar, F. (2017). Security and guidance: Two roles for a humanoid robot in an interaction experiment. In 2017 26th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN) (pp. 230-235). IEEE.
• Walker, G. R., & Sheppard, P. J. (1997). Telepresence—the future of telephony. BT Technology Journal, 15(4), 11-18.
• Weibel, M., Nielsen, M. K. F., Topperzer, M. K., Hammer, N. M., Møller, S. W., Schmiegelow, K., & Bækgaard Larsen, H. (2020). Back To School With Telepresence Robot Technology: A Qualitative Pilot Study About How Telepresence Robots Help School‐Aged Children And Adolescents With Cancer To Remain Socially And Academically Connected With Their School Classes During Treatment. Nursing Open, 7(4), 988-997.
• Yang, L., & Neustaedter, C. (2018). Our house: living long distance with a telepresence robot. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 2(CSCW), 1-18.
• Yang, L., Jones, B., Neustaedter, C., & Singhal, S. (2018). Shopping over distance through a telepresence robot. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 2(CSCW), 1-18.
• Zoder-Martell, K. A., Floress, M. T., Schiuchetti, M. B., Markelz, A. M., & Sayyeh, L. (2021). Teachers’ Willingness To Use A Telepresence Robot For Consultation With Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Contemporary School Psychology, 1-15.
• https://www.elektrikport.com/makale-detay/insan-beyin-dalgalarini-kullanabilen-telepresence-robotlar/17045#ad-image-0 (Erişim tarihi 29.09.2021)
• https://thinktech.stm.com.tr/uploads/docs/1608824477_stm-blog-telepresence.pdf? (Erişim tarihi 29.09.2021)
• https://mag.bilgi.edu.tr/tr/haber/robotlar-ile-uzaktan-varolus/ (Erişim tarihi 29.09.2021)
• https://www.epfl.ch/en/ (Erişim tarihi 29.09.2021)
• https://ifr.org/news/improving-health (Erişim tarihi: 15.10.2021)