Tornalama İşleminde Kesici Ucu Pozisyonunun Geometrik Toleranslar ve Yüzey Pürüzlülüğüne Etkisinin Araştırılması

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 2, 479 - 489

Yunus Kayır , Ercan Demirer

https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.1490439

Öz

Kesici takımlar genellikle CNC torna tezgahlarında doğrudan bağlanarak kullanılır. Takımın iş parçasının merkezine göre konumu kontrol edilmez. Kesici takımların standart ölçülerde üretildiği varsayılır. Ancak kesici takımlar, uç, ayar parçası ve tutucu gibi birçok parçadan oluşur. Birçok firma bu parçaları evrensel toleranslarda imalatını yapmaya çalışmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, kesici ucun işlenmiş iş parçası ekseninden yüksekliğinin etkilerini incelemek için tornalama deneyleri yapılmıştır. AISI 304 paslanmaz çelik malzeme, negatif talaş açısına sahip karbür kesici takımlar kullanılarak bir CNC torna tezgahında tornalanmıştır. Kesici takımlar, iş parçası ekseninde (0.0 mm), iş parçası ekseninin üstünde (+0.5 mm) ve iş parçası ekseninin altında (-0.5 mm) olmak üzere üç seviyede test edilmiştir. Deneylerde kesme parametreleri için üç farklı kesme hızı (100, 150 ve 225 m/dak), üç farklı ilerleme hızı (0.15, 0.25 ve 0.35 mm/dev), üç farklı kesme derinliği (0.8, 1.3 ve 2 mm) ve iki farklı kesici uç yarıçapı (0.4 ve 0.8 mm) tercih edilmiştir. Testler için Taguchi yönteminde bir seçenek olan L36 modeli seçilmiştir. İşlenen yüzeylerde yüzey pürüzlülüğü, dairesellik ve silindiriklik kontrol edilmiştir. Sonuçlar Taguchi ve ANOVA analizleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlar, kesici takımın yüksekliğinin işlenen yüzeyin geometrisini etkilediğini ortaya koymuştur. Etki oranları, yüzey pürüzlülüğü üzerinde %1.37, dairesellik sapması üzerinde %10.89 ve silindiriklik sapması üzerinde %4.49'dur. H:+0.5 yüksekliğinin, yüzey pürüzlülüğü ve silindiriklik üzerinde olumlu bir etkiye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tornalama, Kesici takımlar, Takım yükseklik ayarı, Dairesellik, Silindiriklik, Taguchi

Investigation of the Effect of the Position of the Cutting Tool Tip on the Geometric Tolerances and Surface Roughness in Turning Process

Öz

Normally, cutting tool tools are directly used by assembling on the CNC turning machines. The position of the tool is not controlled relative to the centre of the work piece. It is assumed that the cutting tools are manufactured in standard sizes. However, the cutting tools composed of many parts, such as insert, shim and holder, etc. Many companies can manufacture these parts in universal tolerances. In this study, turning tests were carried out to investigate the effects of the height of the insert from the machined workpiece axis. AISI 304 stainless steel material was turned on a CNC lathe using a carbide cutting tool with a negative backward rake angle. The cutting tool were tested for three levels, such as, at the workpiece axis (0.0 mm), above of the workpiece axis (+0.5 mm) and below of the work piece axis (-0.5 mm). In the experiments, three different cutting speeds (100, 150, and 225 m/min), three different feed rates (0.15, 0.25 and 0.35 mm/rev), three different depths of cut (0.8, 1.3 and 2 mm) and two different insert radius (0.4 and 0.8 mm) were preferred for the cutting parameters. L36 model, which is an option in Taguchi method, were selected to perform the tests. Surface roughness, circularity and cylindricity on the machined surfaceses were controlled. The results were evaluated by Taguchi and ANOVA analyses. The results figured out that the height of the cutting tool affected the geometries of the machined surface. The rate of the effects is 1.37% on the surface roughness, 10.89% on the circularity deviation and 4.49% on the cylindricity deviation. The H:+0.5 lead to have a positive impact on surface roughness and the cylindricity deviation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Turning, cutting tools, setting tool, roundness, cylindricity, taguchi

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