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Analyzing the Salisbury Incident under International Law

Year 2022, Volume: 42 Issue: 1, 27 - 52, 29.06.2022

Selman Özdan , Büşra Beydüz

Abstract

On March 04, 2018, Sergei Skripal (former Russian spy) and his daughter, Yulia Skripal, were found unconscious in Salisbury in the United Kingdom. An investigation by the authorities found that Skripal and his daughter had been exposed to Novichok nerve agent. The UK Government claimed it was highly likely that the Russian government was responsible for the poisoning. The Russian government dismissed the allegations. Nonetheless, the Salisbury case has become an international crisis. This case has been analyzed in the context of various international legal principles, including prohibition of the use of force, self-defense, and armed attack. The prohibition of the use of force, for example, requires an examination of the compatibility of nerve agent use (in particular Novichok nerve agent) with international law. In the Salisbury incident, one important question is whether there is a threshold for the use of force in respect of Article 2(4) of the United Nations (UN) Charter. Assuming the Russian government is responsible for the Salisbury incident, another crucial issue is whether the Salisbury incident is tantamount to an armed attack for the purposes of Article 51 of the UN Charter, invoking the UK’s right to forcible self-defense.

Keywords

Salisbury the prohibition of the use of force armed attack self-defense Novichok

References

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  • Pazarcı H, Uluslararası Hukuk (12th edn, Turan 2012). google scholar
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Uluslararası Hukukta Salisbury Olayının İncelenmesi

Year 2022, Volume: 42 Issue: 1, 27 - 52, 29.06.2022

Selman Özdan , Büşra Beydüz

Abstract

4 Mart 2018 tarihinde İngiltere’nin Salisbury kentinde Sergei Skripal (eski Rus ajanı) ve kızı Yulia Skripal bilinci kapalı bir şekilde bulunmuşlardır. Yetkili mercilerin incelemesi ve araştırması sonucu Sergei Skripal ve kızının Novichok isimli sinir gazına maruz kaldıkları tespit edilmiştir. İngiltere Hükümeti kullanılan gazın çeşidi ve elde edilen delillerden yola çıkarak Rusya’nın bu zehirlenme vakasından sorumlu olabileceğini ifade etmiştir. Rusya olayı üstlenmemesine rağmen iddiaların aksini kanıtlayabilecek güçlü bir delil ileri sürememiştir. Salisbury olayı, basit bir zehirlenme vakasından öteye geçerek uluslararası bir krize dönüşmüş ve kuvvet kullanma yasağı, meşru müdafaa ve silahlı saldırı konularında uluslararası hukuk altında tartışmalara sebebiyet vermiştir. Bu kapsamda, Novichok gazı özelinde sinir gazı kullanımının uluslararası hukuka uygunluğunun incelenmesi, olayın kuvvet kullanma yasağına ilişkin değerlendirilmesi için önem arz etmektedir. BM Sözleşmesi madde 2(4) dikkate alınarak, Salisbury olayında incelenecek önemli hususlardan diğeri ise, kuvvet kullanma konusunda bir eşiğin var olup olmadığıdır. Salisbury olayından Rusya Hükümeti’nin sorumlu olduğu varsayımında, incelenmesi gereken diğer önemli bir husus bu olayın BM Sözleşmesi madde 51’de düzenlenen meşru müdafaa hakkı dâhilinde silahlı saldırı boyutuna ulaşıp ulaşmadığıdır.

Keywords

Salisbury kuvvet kullanma yasağı silahlı saldırı meşru müdafaa Novichok

References

  • Kitaplar & Makaleler/Books and Articles google scholar
  • Acer Y ve Kaya İ, Uluslararası Hukuk Temel Ders Kitabı (9th edn, Seçkin 2018). google scholar
  • Aksar Y, Teoride ve Uygulamada Uluslararası Hukuk II (4th edn, Seçkin 2017). google scholar
  • Aust A, Handbook of International Law (2nd edn, Cambridge University Press 2010). google scholar
  • Bennett AL ve Oliver JK, Uluslararası Örgütler, İlkeler ve Meseleler (çev. Nasuh Uslu, BB101 2015). google scholar
  • Bozkurt E, Uluslararası Hukukta Kuvvet Kullanılması (3rd edn, Asil 2007). google scholar
  • Chai P, Hayes B, Erickson T and Boyer EW, ‘Novichok agents: a historical current and toxicological perspective’ 2018 (2) 1 Toxicology Communications 45-48. google scholar
  • Costanzi S and Koblentz G, ‘Controlling Novichoks after Salisbury: revising the Chemical Weapons Convention schedules’ 2019 The Nonproliferation Review 1-14. google scholar
  • Feder NM, ‘Reading the U.N. Charter Connotatively: Toward a New Definition of Armed Attack’ (1987) 19(2) New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, 395-432. google scholar
  • Kretzmer D, ‘The Inherent Right to Self-Defence and Proportionality in Jus Ad Bellum’ (2013) 24(1) European Journal of International Law, 235-282. google scholar
  • Lewis S, ‘Salisbury, Novichok and International Law on the Use of Force’ (2018) 163 (4) The RUSI Journal, 10-19. google scholar
  • Lotrionte C, ‘Reconsidering the Consequences for State-Sponsored Hostile Cyber Operations Under International Law’ (2018) 3 (2) The Cyber Defence Review, 73-100. google scholar
  • Meray S, Devletler Hukukuna Giriş (4th edn, Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Yayınları 1975). google scholar
  • Pazarcı H, Uluslararası Hukuk (12th edn, Turan 2012). google scholar
  • Pirim C, ‘Devletlere Atfedilemeyen Silahlı Saldırılara Karşı Meşru Müdafaa: Uluslararası Hukukta Sınır Ötesi Operasyonun Hukuki Zemini’ 2019 (11) 40 TAAD 245- 303. google scholar
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  • Simma B, ‘NATO, the UN and the Use of Force: Legal Aspects’ (1999) 10 European Journal of International Law 1-22. google scholar Stewart C, Weapons of Mass Casualities and Terrorism Response Handbook, (Jones and Bartlett 2006). google scholar
  • United Nations, Yearbook of the United Nations 1988 (vol 42, Martinus Nijhoff Pub. 1994) google scholar
  • Vail C, ‘The Legality of Nuclear Weapons for Use and Deterrence’ (2017) 48(3) Georgetown Journal of International Law 839-872. google scholar
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  • Case Concerning Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States of America), (Merits, Judgment) [1986] ICJ Rep 14 google scholar
  • Case Concerning Oil Platforms (Islamic Republic of Iran v. United States of America) (Judgment) [2003] ICJ Rep 161. google scholar
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  • Commentary of 2017 Article 2, Geneva Convention (II) for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea (adopted 12 August 1949, entred into force 21 October 1950) International Committee of The Red Cross (ICRC). google scholar
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  • Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (signed 2 September 1947, entered into force 12 March 1948) 21 UNTS 77. google scholar
  • Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons (Advisory Opinion) [1996] ICJ Rep 226. google scholar
  • NATO, ‘Statement by the North Atlantic Council on the Use of a Nerve Agent in Salisbury’, Press Release, (2018) 033, 14 March 2018. google scholar
  • Savaşın Ulusal Politika Aracı Olarak Yasaklanmasına İlişkin Genel Anlaşma, Kellog-Briand Paktı (General Treaty for the Renunciation of War as an Instrument of National Policy, Kellog-Briand Peace Pact) (signed 27 August 1928, entered into force 24 July 1929) 94 LNTS 57. google scholar
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  • Akande D, ‘The Use of Nerve Agents in Salisbury: Why does it Matter Whether it Amounts to a Use of Force in International Law?’ (EJIL: Talk, 17 March 2018) <https://www.ejiltalk.org/ the-use-of-nerve-agents-in-salisbury-why-does-it-matter-whether-it-amounts-to-a-use-of-force-in-international-law/> Erişim Tarihi 15 Aralık 2019. google scholar
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  • Press Association, ‘Novichok victim Charlie Rowley says poison could still kill him’ (Guardian, 9 December 2018) <https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/dec/09/novichok-victim-charlie-rowley-says-poison-could-still-kill-him> Erişim Tarihi 27 Kasım 2019. google scholar
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There are 59 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Law in Context
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Selman Özdan 0000-0002-1002-0625

Büşra Beydüz 0000-0003-3567-6740

Publication Date June 29, 2022
Submission Date March 5, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 42 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Özdan, S., & Beydüz, B. (2022). Uluslararası Hukukta Salisbury Olayının İncelenmesi. Public and Private International Law Bulletin, 42(1), 27-52.
AMA Özdan S, Beydüz B. Uluslararası Hukukta Salisbury Olayının İncelenmesi. PPIL. June 2022;42(1):27-52.
Chicago Özdan, Selman, and Büşra Beydüz. “Uluslararası Hukukta Salisbury Olayının İncelenmesi”. Public and Private International Law Bulletin 42, no. 1 (June 2022): 27-52.
EndNote Özdan S, Beydüz B (June 1, 2022) Uluslararası Hukukta Salisbury Olayının İncelenmesi. Public and Private International Law Bulletin 42 1 27–52.
IEEE S. Özdan and B. Beydüz, “Uluslararası Hukukta Salisbury Olayının İncelenmesi”, PPIL, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 27–52, 2022.
ISNAD Özdan, Selman - Beydüz, Büşra. “Uluslararası Hukukta Salisbury Olayının İncelenmesi”. Public and Private International Law Bulletin 42/1 (June 2022), 27-52.
JAMA Özdan S, Beydüz B. Uluslararası Hukukta Salisbury Olayının İncelenmesi. PPIL. 2022;42:27–52.
MLA Özdan, Selman and Büşra Beydüz. “Uluslararası Hukukta Salisbury Olayının İncelenmesi”. Public and Private International Law Bulletin, vol. 42, no. 1, 2022, pp. 27-52.
Vancouver Özdan S, Beydüz B. Uluslararası Hukukta Salisbury Olayının İncelenmesi. PPIL. 2022;42(1):27-52.
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