Late Hellenistic-Early Roman Imperial Period Red Slip Pottery From Cıngırt Kayası

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 107 - 158, 25.09.2023

Deniz Tamer , Ayşe Fatma Erol

Öz

Late Hellenistic-Early Roman Imperial Period red slip wares obtained from Cıngırt Kayası during the 2012-2014 seasons excavations constitute this study’s subject. As in many Hellenistic settlements, it is observed that the black slip pottery gradually gave way to red slip pottery in the Late Hellenistic Period at Cıngırt Kayası. The increasing dominance of the Kingdom of Pontos in the Black Sea Region in the 2nd century BC and the political and military activity under the rule of Mithradates VI, and the establishment of Roman domination in the following period led to the diversification of Cıngırt Kayası ceramic finds and made it possible to follow that historical process through the ceramics unearthed. The vast majority of red slip wares unearthed at Cıngırt Kayası are associated with this period. At Cıngırt Kayası, the vessels that make up the quality tableware were imported from different centers. Wares with simple slip; Rhodian and Knidian wares; Eastern Sigillata A, Eastern Sigillata C, Pergamon Sigillata, and Bosporan Sigillata wares and locally produced wares constitute the red slip tableware of Cıngırt Kayası. Parallel to the increase in Bosporus Sigillata in the Northern Black Sea Region with the Mithradates wars, it is quite remarkable that the density of Bosporus Sigillata at Cıngırt Kayası is also quite high. This is important in terms of constituting the archaeological evidence that the necessary logistics for the defense-oriented military settlement center such as Cıngırt Kayası of the Pontos Kingdom, which struggled with the Romans for Anatolian domination, was carried out through the Northern Black Sea Region. It is understood that this commercial relationship continued throughout the 1st century AD.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Pontos, Cıngırt Kayası, Late Hellenistic Period, Roman Early Imperial Period, Red Slip Pottery

Cıngırt Kayası’nda Ele Geçen Geç Hellenistik-Roma Erken İmparatorluk Dönemi Kırmızı Astarlı Seramikler

Öz

Cıngırt Kayası’nda 2012-2014 yılları arasında yürütülen kazı çalışmalarında ele geçen Geç Hellenistik-Roma Erken İmparatorluk Dönemi kırmızı astarlı seramik buluntuları bu çalışmanın konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Birçok Hellenistik Dönem yerleşiminde olduğu gibi Geç Hellenistik Dönem’le birlikte Cıngırt Kayası’nda MÖ 2. yüzyılda siyah astarlı seramik gruplarının yerini yavaş yavaş kırmızı astarlı seramiklere bıraktığı gözlemlenmektedir. Pontos Krallığı’nın MÖ 2. yüzyılda Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde giderek artan hâkimiyeti ve VI. Mithradates Dönemi’nde oluşan siyasi, askeri hareketlilik ve takip eden süreçte Roma hâkimiyetinin oluşması, Cıngırt Kayası seramik buluntularının da çeşitlenmesine yol açmış ve ele geçen seramikler üzerinden bu tarihsel süreci takip etmeyi mümkün kılmıştır. Cıngırt Kayası’nda ele geçen kırmızı astarlı seramiklerin büyük çoğunluğu bu dönemle ilişkilidir. Cıngırt Kayası’nda kaliteli sofra takımlarını oluşturan kapların farklı merkezlerden ithalleri ile karşılaşılmaktadır. Basit astarlı kaplar; Rhodos ve Knidos üretimi kaplar; Doğu Sigillataları A, Doğu Sigillataları C, Pergamon Sigillataları, Bosporus Sigillataları ve yerel üretim kaplar Cıngırt Kayası kırmızı astarlı kaliteli sofra takımlarını oluşturmaktadır. Kuzey Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde Mithradates savaşlarıyla birlikte Bosphorus Sigillatalarında görülen artışa paralel olarak Cıngırt Kayası’nda da yoğunluğun Bosphorus Sigillatlarına ait örneklerden oluşması oldukça dikkat çekicidir. Bu durum Anadolu hakimiyeti için Roma ile mücadele eden Pontos Krallığı’nın Cıngırt Kayası gibi savunmaya yönelik askeri yerleşim merkezinde de gerekli lojistiğin Kuzey Karadeniz Bölgesi üzerinden gerçekleştirildiğinin arkeolojik kanıtlarını göstermesi bakımından önemlidir. Bu ticari ilişkinin MS 1. yüzyıl boyunca da devam ettiği anlaşılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Pontos, Cıngırt Kayası, Geç Hellenistik Dönem, Roma Erken İmparatorluk Dönemi, Kırmızı Astarlı Seramik

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