Yıl 2023,
, 398 - 407, 29.12.2023
Burak Gündoğan
,
Erbil Murat Aydın
,
Ali Fatih Sağlam
Kaynakça
- Aguilera-Castells, J., Buscà, B., Morales, J., Solana-Tramunt, M., Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe, A., Rey-Abella, F., Bantulà, J., & Peña, J. (2019). Muscle activity of Bulgarian squat. Effects of additional vibration, suspension and unstable surface. Plos One, 14(8), e0221710. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221710
- Andersen, V., Fimland, M. S., Brennset, Ø., Haslestad, L. R., Lundteigen, M. S., Skalleberg, K., & Saeterbakken, A. H. (2014). Muscle activation and strength in squat and Bulgarian squat on stable and unstable surface. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 35(14), 1196-1202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1382016
- Anderson, K., & Behm, D. G. (2005a). The impact of instability resistance training on balance and stability. Sports Medicine, 35, 43-53.
- Anderson, K., & Behm, D. G. (2005b). Trunk muscle activity increases with unstable squat movements. Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology, 30(1), 33-45. https://doi.org/10.1139/h05-103
- Behm, D. G., & Anderson, K. G. (2006). The role of instability with resistance training. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 20(3), 716-722.
- Behm, D. G., Anderson, K., & Curnew, R. S. (2002). Muscle force and activation under stable and unstable conditions. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 16(3), 416-422.
- Boudreau, S. N., Dwyer, M. K., Mattacola, C. G., Lattermann, C., Uhl, T. L., & McKeon, J. M. (2009). Hip-muscle activation during the lunge, single-leg squat, and step-up-and-over exercises. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 18(1), 91-103. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.18.1.91
- Bruhn, S., Kullmann, N., & Gollhofer, A. (2006). Combinatory effects of high-intensity-strength training and sensorimotor training on muscle strength. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 27(05), 401-406. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-865750
- Cook, G., Burton, L., Hoogenboom, B. (2006). Pre-participation screening: the use of fundamental movements as an assessment of function - part 1. North American Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 1(2):62–72. PMID: 21522216
- Earp, J. E., Stucchi, D. T., DeMartini, J. K., & Roti, M. W. (2016). Regional surface electromyography of the vastus lateralis during strength and power exercises. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30(6), 1585-1591. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001405
- Ebben, W. P., Feldmann, C. R., Dayne, A., Mitsche, D., Alexander, P., & Knetzger, K. J. (2009). Muscle activation during lower body resistance training. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 30(01), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1038785
- Ekstrom, R. A., Donatelli, R. A., & Carp, K. C. (2007). Electromyographic analysis of core trunk, hip, and thigh muscles during 9 rehabilitation exercises. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 37(12), 754-762. https://www.jospt.org/doi/10.2519/jospt.2007.2471
- Escamilla, R. F. (2001). Knee biomechanics of the dynamic squat exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 33(1), 127-141.
- Evans, T. W., McLester, C. N., Howard, J. S., McLester, J. R., & Calloway, J. P. (2019). Comparison of muscle activation between back squats and belt squats. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 33, 52-59. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002052
- Farrokhi, S., Pollard, C. D., Souza, R. B., Chen, Y. J., Reischl, S., & Powers, C. M. (2008). Trunk position influences the kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activity of the lead lower extremity during the forward lunge exercise. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 38(7), 403-409. https://www.jospt.org/doi/10.2519/jospt.2008.2634
- Häkkinen, K., & Komi, P. V. (1983). Changes in neuromuscular performance in voluntary and reflex contraction during strength training in man. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 4(04), 282-288. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1026051
- Hyong, I. H., & Kang, J. H. (2013). Activities of the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis oblique muscles during squats on different surfaces. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 25(8), 915-917. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.25.915
- Li, Y., Cao, C., & Chen, X. (2013). Similar electromyographic activities of lower limbs between squatting on a reebok core board and ground. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 27(5), 1349-1353. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318267a5fe
- Maior, A. S., Simão, R., de Salles, B. F., Miranda, H., & Costa, P. B. (2009). Neuromuscular activity during the squat exercise on an unstable platform. Brazilian Journal of Biomotricity, 3(2), 121-129.
- Marín, P. J., & Hazell, T. J. (2014). Effects of whole-body vibration with an unstable surface on muscle activation. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact, 14(2), 213-219.
- Mausehund, L., Skard, A. E., & Krosshaug, T. (2019). Muscle activation in unilateral barbell exercises: Implications for strength training and rehabilitation. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 33, S85-S94. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002617
- McBride, J. M., Cormie, P., & Deane, R. (2006). Isometric squat force output and muscle activity in stable and unstable conditions. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 20(4), 915-918.
- McBride, J. M., Larkin, T. R., Dayne, A. M., Haines, T. L., & Kirby, T. J. (2010). Effect of absolute and relative loading on muscle activity during stable and unstable squatting. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 5(2), 177-183. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.5.2.177
- Monajati, A., Larumbe-Zabala, E., Goss-Sampson, M., & Naclerio, F. (2019). Surface electromyography analysis of three squat exercises. Journal of Human Kinetics, 67, 73-83. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2018-0073
- Norwood, J. T., Anderson, G. S., Gaetz, M. B., & Twist, P. W. (2007). Electromyographic activity of the trunk stabilizers during stable and unstable bench press. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 21(2), 343-347.
- Saeterbakken, A. H., & Fimland, M. S. (2013). Muscle force output and electromyographic activity in squats with various unstable surfaces. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 27(1), 130-136. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182541d43
- Seger, J. Y., & Thorstensson, A. (2005). Effects of eccentric versus concentric training on thigh muscle strength and EMG. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 26(01), 45-52. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-817892
- Slater, L. V., & Hart, J. M. (2017). Muscle activation patterns during different squat techniques. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(3), 667-676. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001323
- Şimşek, D., Kırkaya, İ., Güngör, E. O., & Soylu, A. R. (2016). Relationships Among Vertical Jumping Performance EMG Activation and Knee Extensor and Flexor Muscle Strength in Turkish Elite Male Volleyball Players. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences, 8(2), 46-56. https://doi.org/10.5336/sportsci.2016-51433
- Wahl, M. J., & Behm, D. G. (2008). Not all instability training devices enhance muscle activation in highly resistance-trained individuals. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(4), 1360-1370. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318175ca3c
Muscle Activation During Squat on Different Surfaces
Yıl 2023,
, 398 - 407, 29.12.2023
Burak Gündoğan
,
Erbil Murat Aydın
,
Ali Fatih Sağlam
Öz
This study aimed to compare the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscle activations during squat exercises performed on different surfaces. Recreationally active 14 males (age: 20.43±1.28 years; height: 176.94±6.58 cm; body weight: 72.78±10.72 kg) participated in this study. A ground surface is used as a stable surface, a gymnastics mat and a Bosu ball are used as an unstable surface. Participants performed two sets of squats on three surfaces and ten repetitions of each set. Participants performed squat exercises with their body weight. Muscle activation measurements were made from the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles during the squat movement on each surface. A one-way repeated-measures analysis of variances was used to statistically compare muscle activations between surfaces. As a result of statistical analysis, no significant differences were found in the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscle activations between surfaces (p>0.05). In conclusion, it was determined that the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscle activation in the squat movement was not affected by the stability of the surfaces. Therefore, it can be suggested that the surfaces used in this study can be used interchangeably for vastus medialis (VM) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscle activation in the squat exercise.
Etik Beyan
Ethics committee approval of the study was given by the Hitit University Non-Interventional Ethics Committee (Decision No: 2022-28).
Kaynakça
- Aguilera-Castells, J., Buscà, B., Morales, J., Solana-Tramunt, M., Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe, A., Rey-Abella, F., Bantulà, J., & Peña, J. (2019). Muscle activity of Bulgarian squat. Effects of additional vibration, suspension and unstable surface. Plos One, 14(8), e0221710. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221710
- Andersen, V., Fimland, M. S., Brennset, Ø., Haslestad, L. R., Lundteigen, M. S., Skalleberg, K., & Saeterbakken, A. H. (2014). Muscle activation and strength in squat and Bulgarian squat on stable and unstable surface. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 35(14), 1196-1202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1382016
- Anderson, K., & Behm, D. G. (2005a). The impact of instability resistance training on balance and stability. Sports Medicine, 35, 43-53.
- Anderson, K., & Behm, D. G. (2005b). Trunk muscle activity increases with unstable squat movements. Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology, 30(1), 33-45. https://doi.org/10.1139/h05-103
- Behm, D. G., & Anderson, K. G. (2006). The role of instability with resistance training. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 20(3), 716-722.
- Behm, D. G., Anderson, K., & Curnew, R. S. (2002). Muscle force and activation under stable and unstable conditions. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 16(3), 416-422.
- Boudreau, S. N., Dwyer, M. K., Mattacola, C. G., Lattermann, C., Uhl, T. L., & McKeon, J. M. (2009). Hip-muscle activation during the lunge, single-leg squat, and step-up-and-over exercises. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 18(1), 91-103. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.18.1.91
- Bruhn, S., Kullmann, N., & Gollhofer, A. (2006). Combinatory effects of high-intensity-strength training and sensorimotor training on muscle strength. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 27(05), 401-406. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-865750
- Cook, G., Burton, L., Hoogenboom, B. (2006). Pre-participation screening: the use of fundamental movements as an assessment of function - part 1. North American Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 1(2):62–72. PMID: 21522216
- Earp, J. E., Stucchi, D. T., DeMartini, J. K., & Roti, M. W. (2016). Regional surface electromyography of the vastus lateralis during strength and power exercises. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30(6), 1585-1591. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001405
- Ebben, W. P., Feldmann, C. R., Dayne, A., Mitsche, D., Alexander, P., & Knetzger, K. J. (2009). Muscle activation during lower body resistance training. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 30(01), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1038785
- Ekstrom, R. A., Donatelli, R. A., & Carp, K. C. (2007). Electromyographic analysis of core trunk, hip, and thigh muscles during 9 rehabilitation exercises. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 37(12), 754-762. https://www.jospt.org/doi/10.2519/jospt.2007.2471
- Escamilla, R. F. (2001). Knee biomechanics of the dynamic squat exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 33(1), 127-141.
- Evans, T. W., McLester, C. N., Howard, J. S., McLester, J. R., & Calloway, J. P. (2019). Comparison of muscle activation between back squats and belt squats. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 33, 52-59. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002052
- Farrokhi, S., Pollard, C. D., Souza, R. B., Chen, Y. J., Reischl, S., & Powers, C. M. (2008). Trunk position influences the kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activity of the lead lower extremity during the forward lunge exercise. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 38(7), 403-409. https://www.jospt.org/doi/10.2519/jospt.2008.2634
- Häkkinen, K., & Komi, P. V. (1983). Changes in neuromuscular performance in voluntary and reflex contraction during strength training in man. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 4(04), 282-288. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1026051
- Hyong, I. H., & Kang, J. H. (2013). Activities of the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis oblique muscles during squats on different surfaces. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 25(8), 915-917. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.25.915
- Li, Y., Cao, C., & Chen, X. (2013). Similar electromyographic activities of lower limbs between squatting on a reebok core board and ground. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 27(5), 1349-1353. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318267a5fe
- Maior, A. S., Simão, R., de Salles, B. F., Miranda, H., & Costa, P. B. (2009). Neuromuscular activity during the squat exercise on an unstable platform. Brazilian Journal of Biomotricity, 3(2), 121-129.
- Marín, P. J., & Hazell, T. J. (2014). Effects of whole-body vibration with an unstable surface on muscle activation. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact, 14(2), 213-219.
- Mausehund, L., Skard, A. E., & Krosshaug, T. (2019). Muscle activation in unilateral barbell exercises: Implications for strength training and rehabilitation. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 33, S85-S94. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002617
- McBride, J. M., Cormie, P., & Deane, R. (2006). Isometric squat force output and muscle activity in stable and unstable conditions. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 20(4), 915-918.
- McBride, J. M., Larkin, T. R., Dayne, A. M., Haines, T. L., & Kirby, T. J. (2010). Effect of absolute and relative loading on muscle activity during stable and unstable squatting. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 5(2), 177-183. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.5.2.177
- Monajati, A., Larumbe-Zabala, E., Goss-Sampson, M., & Naclerio, F. (2019). Surface electromyography analysis of three squat exercises. Journal of Human Kinetics, 67, 73-83. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2018-0073
- Norwood, J. T., Anderson, G. S., Gaetz, M. B., & Twist, P. W. (2007). Electromyographic activity of the trunk stabilizers during stable and unstable bench press. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 21(2), 343-347.
- Saeterbakken, A. H., & Fimland, M. S. (2013). Muscle force output and electromyographic activity in squats with various unstable surfaces. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 27(1), 130-136. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182541d43
- Seger, J. Y., & Thorstensson, A. (2005). Effects of eccentric versus concentric training on thigh muscle strength and EMG. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 26(01), 45-52. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-817892
- Slater, L. V., & Hart, J. M. (2017). Muscle activation patterns during different squat techniques. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(3), 667-676. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001323
- Şimşek, D., Kırkaya, İ., Güngör, E. O., & Soylu, A. R. (2016). Relationships Among Vertical Jumping Performance EMG Activation and Knee Extensor and Flexor Muscle Strength in Turkish Elite Male Volleyball Players. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences, 8(2), 46-56. https://doi.org/10.5336/sportsci.2016-51433
- Wahl, M. J., & Behm, D. G. (2008). Not all instability training devices enhance muscle activation in highly resistance-trained individuals. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(4), 1360-1370. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318175ca3c