Investigation of ACTN3 rs1815739 Polymorphism, Physical Characteristics, and Position—Relation in Football Players: A Team Sample

Yıl 2023, , 14 - 18, 15.03.2023

Aleyna Muhan Tolga Polat Özge Özlem Yılmaz Beste Tacal Aslan Korkut Ulucan

https://doi.org/10.5152/JPESS.2023.221840

Cited By: 1

Öz

We aimed to determine the alpha actin-3 gene rs1815739 polymorphism in professional footballers and to compare genotype and allele frequencies with sedentary individuals. Also, we aimed to determine the relationship between the genotypes of footballers and their positions. Twenty footballers participated in our study. Seventy-six participants without sports background were included in our study as the control group. DNA isolation was performed from blood samples using the PureLink DNA isolation kit according to the manufacturer’s procedures. rs1815739 polymorphism was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction device. Statistical analyses of the obtained data were carried out with chi-square analysis using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences 21.0 (IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences Corp.) program. A value of p < .05 was considered statistically significant. CC genotype was observed in 2 individuals (10%), CT (35%) in 7 individuals, and TT (55%) in 11 individuals in footballers. In the control group, the CC, CT, and TT genotypes were determined as 15 (19.7%), 41 (53.9%), 20 (26.4%), respectively. The C allele was 11 (27.5) in footballers and 71 (46.71%) in the control group; the T allele was found to be 29 (72.5) in footballers and 81 (53.29%) in the control group. A statistically significant difference was found between the footballers and the control group in terms of genotype (p=.049) and allele (p=.028). It was determined that midfielders who require endurance are mostly in the TT genotype, while the sprinter strikers are in the CC genotype. Although the findings are compatible with the literature, similar studies should be planned with higher numbers.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Football, position, genetics, polymorphism, ACTN3

Futbolcularda ACTN3 rs1815739 Polimorfizmi, Fiziksel Özellikler ve Mevki İlişkisinin Araştırılması: Bir Takım Örneklemi

Öz

Çalışmamızda, profesyonel futbolcularda alfa aktinin-3 geni rs1815739 polimorfizmini belirlemeyi, genotip ve allel frekanslarını sedanter bireyler ile karşılaştırmayı hedefledik. Ayrıca futbolcuların genotipleri ile mevkileri arasındaki ilişkiyi saptamayı amaçladık. Çalışmamıza 20 futbolcu katılmıştır. Spor geçmişi olmayan 76 katılımcı kontrol grubu olarak çalışmamıza dahil olmuştur. DNA izolasyonu, kan örneklerinden PureLink DNA izolasyon kiti kullanılarak üretici firmanın prosedürlerine göre gerçekleştirilmiştir. rs1815739 polimorfizmi izole edilen DNA materyalinden Real-Time PCR cihazı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen verilerin istatiksel analizlerini IBM SPSS 21.0 (IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences Corp., Armonk, NY, ABD) programı kullanılarak kikare analizi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. p < ,05 değeri istatiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edilmiştir. Futbolcularda 2 bireyde CC (%10), 7 bireyde CT (%35), 11 bireyde TT (%55) genotipi gözlemlenmiştir. Kontrol grubunda CC, CT ve TT genotipleri sırasıyla 15 (%19,7), 41 (%53,9), 20 (%26,4) olarak tespit edilmiştir. C alleli futbolcularda 11 (27,5), kontrol grubunda 71 (%46,71); T alleli ise futbolcularda 29 (72,5), kontrol grubunda 81 (%53,29) olarak bulunmuştur. Futbolcu ile kontrol grubu arasında genotip (p=,049) ve allel (p=,028) bakımından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmuştur. Dayanıklılık gerektiren orta saha oyuncuları çoğunlukla TT genotipinde, sprinter özellikteki santraforlar ise CC genotipinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular literatürle uyum sağlamakla birlikte benzer çalışmaların daha yüksek sayılı planlanması gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Futbol, mevki, genetik, polimorfizm, ACTN3

Kaynakça

• Ahmetov, I. I., Druzhevskaya, A. M., Astratenkova, I. V., Popov, D. V., Vinogradova, O. L., & Rogozkin, V. A. (2010). The ACTN3 R577X polymorphism in Russian endurance athletes. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 44(9), 649–652.
• Aslan, B. T., Eken, B. F., & Ulucan, K. Egzersiz antrenman adaptasyon farklılıklarının genetik açıdan incelenmesi. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 13(2), 66–79.
• Bangsbo, J., Nørregaard, L., & Thorsø, F. (1991). Activity profile of competition soccer. Canadian Journal of Sport Sciences – Journal Canadien des Sciences du Sport, 16(2), 110–116.
• Ben-Zaken, S., Eliakim, A., Nemet, D., Rabinovich, M., Kassem, E., & Meckel, Y. (2015). ACTN3 polymorphism: Comparison between elite swimmers and runners. Sports Medicine – Open, 1(1), 13.
• Bradley, P. S., Di Mascio, M., Peart, D., Olsen, P., & Sheldon, B. (2010). Highintensity activity profiles of elite soccer players at different performance levels. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(9), 2343–2351.
• Coelho, D. B., Pimenta, E. M., Rosse, I. C., de Castro, B. M., Becker, L. K., de Oliveira, E. C., Carvalho, M. R. S., & Garcia, E. S. (2018). Evidence for a role of ACTN3 R577X polymorphism in football player’s career progression. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 39(14), 1088–1093.
• Djinovic-Carugo, K., Gautel, M., Ylänne, J., & Young, P. (2002). The spectrin repeat: A structural platform for cytoskeletal protein assemblies. FEBS Letters, 513(1), 119–123.
• Dogan, M., Tacal Aslan, B. T., & Ulucan, K. (2022). Comparison of potential biomarker, ACTN3 rs1815739 polymorphism, for athletic performance of Turkish athletes. Cellular and Molecular Biology, 68(5), 54–59.
• Heffernan, S. M., Kilduff, L. P., Erskine, R. M., Day, S. H., McPhee, J. S., McMahon, G. E., Stebbings, G. K., Neale, J. P., Lockey, S. J., Ribbans, W. J., Cook, C. J., Vance, B., Raleigh, S. M., Roberts, C., Bennett, M. A., Wang, G., Collins, M., Pitsiladis, Y. P., & Williams, A. G. (2016). Association of ACTN3 R577X but not ACE I/D gene variants with elite rugby union player status and playing position. Physiological Genomics, 48(3), 196–201.
• Jacob, Y., Hart, N. H., Cochrane, J. L., Spiteri, T., Laws, S. M., Jones, A., Rogalski, B., Kenna, J., & Anderton, R. S. (2022). ACTN3 (R577X) Genotype is associated with Australian Football League Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 36(2), 573–576.
• Kaman, T., Kapıcı, S., Serca, C., Konuk, M., & Ulucan, K. (2017). Türk milli bisikletçilerde alfa-aktinin-3 R577X polimorfizm dağılımının belirlenmesi. Marmara Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(1), 41–47.
• Kavas, N. C., Yüksel, İ., Sercan, C., Kapıcı, S., Gökhan, T., & Ulucan, K. (2018). Profesyonel monopalet sporcularında alfa-aktinin–3 (ACTN3) R577X (rs1815739) polimorfizminin dağılımı ve boy-kilo ilişkisi. Eurasian Research in Sport Science, 3(1), 26–31.
• MacArthur, D. G., & North, K. N. (2007). ACTN3: A genetic influence on muscle function and athletic performance. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 35(1), 30–34.
• Massidda, M., Bachis, V., Corrias, L., Piras, F., Scorcu, M., Culigioni, C., Masala, D., & Calò, C. M. (2015). ACTN3 R577X polymorphism is not associated with team sport athletic status in Italians. Sports Medicine – Open, 1(1), 6.
• Massidda, M., Voisin, S., Culigioni, C., Piras, F., Cugia, P., Yan, X., Eynon, N.,. & Calò, C. M. (2019). ACTN3 R577X polymorphism is associated with the incidence and severity of injuries in professional football players. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 29(1), 57–61.
• Murphy, A. C., & Young, P. W. (2015). The actinin family of actin cross-linking proteins–a genetic perspective. Cell and Bioscience, 5(1), 49.
• Papadimitriou, I. D., Papadopoulos, C., Kouvatsi, A., & Triantaphyllidis, C. (2008). The ACTN3 gene in elite Greek track and field athletes. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 29(4), 352–355.
• Santiago, C., González-Freire, M., Serratosa, L., Morate, F. J., Meyer, T., Gómez-Gallego, F., & Lucia, A. (2008). ACTN3 genotype in professional soccer players. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 42(1), 71–73.
• Seto, J. T., Quinlan, K. G., Lek, M., Zheng, X. F., Garton, F., MacArthur, D. G., Hogarth, M. W., Houweling, P. J., Gregorevic, P., Turner, N., Cooney, G. J., Yang, N., & North, K. N. (2013). ACTN3 genotype influences muscle performance through the regulation of calcineurin signaling. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 123(10), 4255–4263.
• Ulucan, K. (2016). Spor genetiği açısından Türk sporcuların ACTN3 R577X polimorfizm literatür özeti. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 6(1), 44–47.
• Ulucan, K., Sercan, C., & Biyikli, T. (2015). Distribution of angiotensin-1 converting enzyme insertion/deletion and α-actinin-3 codon 577 polymorphisms in Turkish male soccer players. Genetics and Epigenetics, 7, 1–4.
• Wagle, J. P., Carroll, K. M., Cunanan, A. J., Wetmore, A., Taber, C. B., DeWeese, B. H., Sato, K., Stuart, C. A., & Stone, M. H. (2021). Preliminary investigation into the effect of ACTN3 and ACE polymorphisms on muscle and performance characteristics. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 35(3), 688–694.
• Yang, N., MacArthur, D. G., Gulbin, J. P., Hahn, A. G., Beggs, A. H., Easteal, S., & North, K. (2003). ACTN3 genotype is associated with human elite athletic performance. American Journal of Human Genetics, 73(3), 627–631.
• Yang, N., Macarthur, D., Wolde, B., Onywera, V. O., Boit, M. K., Wilson, R. H., Scott, R. A., Pitsiladis, Y. P., & North, K. (2005). Actn3 genotype is not associated with elite endurance athlete status in Ethiopians and Kenyans: 2469 3: 30 PM-3: 45 PM. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 37(Supplement), S472.