Plastic Additives and Their Effects on Aquatic Environment

Yıl 2022, , 40 - 49, 30.06.2022

Serap Paslı

https://doi.org/10.53501/rteufemud.1123226

Öz

A large number of additives with different formulas are used to improve the properties, performance and durability of the plastics during their prodcution. Each plays a role in improving the functional property of a plastic material. It is known that plastics from industrial activities, domestic and industrial wastewater reach rivers and eventually ends up in the ocean. For this reason, it is inevitable for plastics and additives to contaminate the aquatic ecosystem. Due to resistant of plastic additives to physical, chemical and biological degradation, they can bioaccumulate and enter the food web with potentially toxicity. Considering the increase in plastic production, research on the lethal and sublethal toxicity of plastic additives in fish, invertebrates and other aquatic organisms have been conducted. However, more research is needed on the absorption, distribution and localization of plastic additives in aquatic organisms, as well as their effects on DNA, protein levels, gene expression changes, metabolism and tissues.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Microplastic, Plastic additives, Pollution

Plastik Katkı Maddeleri ve Sucul Ortama Etkileri

Öz

Plastik bileşiğin işleme özelliklerini, performansını ve dayanıklılığını iyileştirmek için farklı formüllere sahip çok sayıda katkı maddesi kullanılmaktadır. Her biri bir plastik malzemenin işlevsel özelliğinin geliştirilmesinde rol almaktadır. Sanayi faaliyetlerinden kaynaklanan atıkların, evsel ve endüstriyel atık suların nehirlere ve nihayetinde denizlere ulaştığı bilinmektedir. Bu nedenle plastik ve katkı maddelerinin de sucul ekosisteme karışması kaçınılmazdır. Katkı maddeleri bulundukları ortama geçebilmeleri ve fiziksel, kimyasal, biyolojik bozunmaya karşı dayanıklı olmaları sebebiyle canlı vücudunda birikebilmekte ve besin ağına girerek toksik etkiler oluşturabilmektedirler. Hızla artan plastik üretimi göz önüne alınarak plastik katkı maddelerinin letal ve subletal toksisite deneyleri; balıklar, omurgasızlar ve diğer sucul organizmalarda uygulanmaya başlanmıştır. Ancak plastik katkı maddelerinin sucul organizmalardaki absorbsiyonu, dağılımı, yerleşimi, bunun yanında DNA, protein seviyeleri, gen ekspresyon değişimleri, metabolizma ve dokular üzerine etkileri hakkında daha fazla araştırmaya ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mikroplastik, Plastik katkı maddeleri, Kirlilik

Kaynakça

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