Araştırma Makalesi
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Yıl 2024, Sayı: Ö14, 1429 - 1452, 21.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1455538

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Adler, D.A., Mclaughlin, T.J., Rogers, W.H., Chang, H., Lapitsky, L., & Lerner, D. (2006). Job performance deficits due to depression. American Journal of Psychiatry,163(9), 1569–1576. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.2006.163.9.1569
  • Amato, A., & Mack, G. (2017). Interpreters working with children in Italy: Profile, role, and expectations. inTRAlinea, 19. Retrieved July 19, 2022, from https://www.intralinea.org/index.php/archive/article/2263
  • American Psychiatric Association. (n.d.). What Is Depression? https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/depression/what-is-depression
  • Angelelli, C. V. (2004). Medical Interpreting and Cross-cultural Communication. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Aral Duvan, M. (2021). Türkiye’de Toplum Çevirmenliği Bağlamında Mültecilere Verilen Tercüman Bilirkişilik Hizmetleri: Ağ Kuramı Işığında Bir Değerlendirme [Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Istanbul University].
  • Arkan, Y. (2023). Sekundäre Traumatisierung bei DolmetscherInnen in der Psychotherapie: Eine Forschungslücke? Hacettepe University Journal of Faculty of Letters, 40(2), 612-630. https://doi.org/doi:10.32600/huefd.1198409
  • Bontempo, K. & Malcolm, K. (2012). An Ounce of Prevention Is Worth a Pound of Cure: Educating Interpreters about the Risk of Vicarious Trauma in Healthcare Settings. In L. Swabey & K. Malcolm (Eds.), In Our Hands: Educating Healthcare Interpreters (pp. 105-130). Washington DC: Gallaudet University Press.
  • Boscarino, J. A., Figley, C. R., & Adams, R. E. (2004). Evidence of compassion fatigue following the September 11 terrorist attacks: A study of secondary trauma among social workers in New York. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 6, 98–108.
  • Braun, V., Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101.
  • Bulut, A. (2016). Spor Tercümanlığı ve İltimas: Manipülatörler ya da Günah Keçileri. RumeliDE Journal of Language and Literature Studies, 6, 1-14.
  • Butler, C. (2008). Speaking the unspeakable: female interpreters’ response to working with women who have been raped in war. Clinical Psychology Forum, 192, 22–26.
  • Chen, T. (2023). The interplay between psychological well-being, stress and burnout: Implications for translators and interpreters. Heliyon, 9(8), e18589. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18589
  • Clarke, V., Braun, V. (2016). Thematic analysis. in Analysing Qualitative Data in Psychology, edited by E. Lyons and A. Coyle, 84-103.2nd ed. London: Sage.
  • Conker, N. (2017). The Professionalization of Sign Language Interpreting in Turkey: Interpreter Training and Public Interpreting Services [Unpublished master’s thesis, Boğaziçi University]. Istanbul.
  • Costa, B., Lázaro Gutiérrez, R., & Rausch, T. (2020). Self-care as an ethical responsibility: A pilot study on support provision for interpreters in human crises. Translation and Interpreting Studies, 15(1), 36-56. https://doi.org/10.1075/tis.20004.cos
  • Cox, T. (1978). Stress. Macmillan Education.
  • Cox, T. (1985). The nature and measurement of stress. Ergonomics, 28(8), 1155-1163. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140138508963238
  • Crezee, I., Jülich, S., & Hayward, M. (2013). Issues for interpreters and professionals working in refugee settings. Journal of Applied Linguistics and Professional Practice, 8(3), 253-273. https://doi.org/10.1558/japl.v8i3.253
  • Crezee, I., Atkinson, D., Pask, R., Au, P., & Wong, S. (2015). Teaching Interpreters About Self-Care. International Journal of Interpreter Education, 7(1), 74-83. Retrieved March 23, 2022, from https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/ijie/vol7/iss1/7
  • Deighton, R.M., Gurris, N., Traue, H. (2007). Factors Affecting Burnout and Compassion Fatigue in Psychotherapists Treating Torture Survivors: Is the Therapist’s Attitude to Working Through Trauma Relevant? Journal of Traumatic Stress,20(1), 63–75. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20180
  • Demyttenaere, K., Bruffaerts, R., Posada-Villa, J., Gasquet, I., Kovess, V., Lepine, J.P., Angermeyer, M.C., Bernert, S., de Girolamo, G., Morosini, P., Polidori, G., Takehiko, K., Kawakami, N., Ono, Y., Takeshima, T., Uda, H., Karam, E.G., Fayyad, J.A., Karam, A.N., Mneimneh, Z.N., … WHO World Mental Health Survey Consortium. (2004). Prevalence, severity, and unmet need for treatment of mental disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. JAMA, 291(21), 2581–2590. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.291.21.2581
  • Denkinger, J.K., Windthorst, P., Rometsch-Ogioun El Sount, C., Blume, M., Sedik, H., Kizilhan, J.I., et al. (2018). Secondary traumatization in caregivers working with women and children who suffered extreme violence by the “Islamic State”. Front Psychiatry, 9:234. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00234
  • Doğan, C. (2017). Edirne zelinde Düzensiz menlerin Tercümanlık Boyutunda Sorunları ve Çözümünde Toplum Tercümanlığının Rolü [Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Sakarya].
  • Doherty, S., MacIntyre, A., & Wyne, T. (2010). How does it feel for you? The emotional impact and specific challenges of mental health interpreting. Mental Health Review Journal, 15(3), 31–44. https://doi.org/10.5042/mhrj.2010.0657
  • Doğan, A., Kahraman, R. (2011). Emergency and disaster interpreting in Turkey: Ten years of a unique endeavour. Hacettepe University Journal of Faculty Letters, 28, 61-76.
  • Duman, D. (2018). Toplum Çevirmenliğine Yorumbilimsel Bir Yaklaşım: Sağlık Çevirmeni ve Öznellik [Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Yıldız Teknik University]. Istanbul.
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Perceptions of interpreters working for refugee clients of the psychological effects of their work

Yıl 2024, Sayı: Ö14, 1429 - 1452, 21.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1455538

Öz

This study aims at presenting a picture of the perceptions of the interpreters working for refugees in legal and public healthcare settings in Türkiye with a focus on the psychological effects of their work. Taking this objective as a departure point, questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were conducted to investigate the causes of psychological challenges, reactions to these challenges, coping strategies, and negative and positive psychological changes that interpreters went through in the course of their work. Interviews were analyzed following a thematic analysis procedure, complemented with the analysis of the questionnaire results. The findings revealed that the interpreters came under a degree of psychological strain, including psychological stress, in the course of their work. The reasons included trauma-related stories of refugees, service providers’ lack of awareness of the interpreters’ work specifications, unfavorable working conditions, and racism against refugees in the workplace. The interpreters were also found to show certain reactions to psychological challenges, including feeling sad, crying, and sleep problems among others. Findings also revealed that the interpreters employed a few strategies to cope with these challenges such as socializing with friends, and that the interpreting work with refugees led to mostly positive psychological changes on the interpreters. The changes involved gaining self-confidence and feeling stronger than before. The findings, pinpointing the needs for support structures for interpreters working for refugees in Türkiye, will feed into the overall discussions on the psychological dimensions of interpreting for refugee clients.

Kaynakça

  • Adler, D.A., Mclaughlin, T.J., Rogers, W.H., Chang, H., Lapitsky, L., & Lerner, D. (2006). Job performance deficits due to depression. American Journal of Psychiatry,163(9), 1569–1576. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.2006.163.9.1569
  • Amato, A., & Mack, G. (2017). Interpreters working with children in Italy: Profile, role, and expectations. inTRAlinea, 19. Retrieved July 19, 2022, from https://www.intralinea.org/index.php/archive/article/2263
  • American Psychiatric Association. (n.d.). What Is Depression? https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/depression/what-is-depression
  • Angelelli, C. V. (2004). Medical Interpreting and Cross-cultural Communication. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Aral Duvan, M. (2021). Türkiye’de Toplum Çevirmenliği Bağlamında Mültecilere Verilen Tercüman Bilirkişilik Hizmetleri: Ağ Kuramı Işığında Bir Değerlendirme [Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Istanbul University].
  • Arkan, Y. (2023). Sekundäre Traumatisierung bei DolmetscherInnen in der Psychotherapie: Eine Forschungslücke? Hacettepe University Journal of Faculty of Letters, 40(2), 612-630. https://doi.org/doi:10.32600/huefd.1198409
  • Bontempo, K. & Malcolm, K. (2012). An Ounce of Prevention Is Worth a Pound of Cure: Educating Interpreters about the Risk of Vicarious Trauma in Healthcare Settings. In L. Swabey & K. Malcolm (Eds.), In Our Hands: Educating Healthcare Interpreters (pp. 105-130). Washington DC: Gallaudet University Press.
  • Boscarino, J. A., Figley, C. R., & Adams, R. E. (2004). Evidence of compassion fatigue following the September 11 terrorist attacks: A study of secondary trauma among social workers in New York. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 6, 98–108.
  • Braun, V., Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101.
  • Bulut, A. (2016). Spor Tercümanlığı ve İltimas: Manipülatörler ya da Günah Keçileri. RumeliDE Journal of Language and Literature Studies, 6, 1-14.
  • Butler, C. (2008). Speaking the unspeakable: female interpreters’ response to working with women who have been raped in war. Clinical Psychology Forum, 192, 22–26.
  • Chen, T. (2023). The interplay between psychological well-being, stress and burnout: Implications for translators and interpreters. Heliyon, 9(8), e18589. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18589
  • Clarke, V., Braun, V. (2016). Thematic analysis. in Analysing Qualitative Data in Psychology, edited by E. Lyons and A. Coyle, 84-103.2nd ed. London: Sage.
  • Conker, N. (2017). The Professionalization of Sign Language Interpreting in Turkey: Interpreter Training and Public Interpreting Services [Unpublished master’s thesis, Boğaziçi University]. Istanbul.
  • Costa, B., Lázaro Gutiérrez, R., & Rausch, T. (2020). Self-care as an ethical responsibility: A pilot study on support provision for interpreters in human crises. Translation and Interpreting Studies, 15(1), 36-56. https://doi.org/10.1075/tis.20004.cos
  • Cox, T. (1978). Stress. Macmillan Education.
  • Cox, T. (1985). The nature and measurement of stress. Ergonomics, 28(8), 1155-1163. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140138508963238
  • Crezee, I., Jülich, S., & Hayward, M. (2013). Issues for interpreters and professionals working in refugee settings. Journal of Applied Linguistics and Professional Practice, 8(3), 253-273. https://doi.org/10.1558/japl.v8i3.253
  • Crezee, I., Atkinson, D., Pask, R., Au, P., & Wong, S. (2015). Teaching Interpreters About Self-Care. International Journal of Interpreter Education, 7(1), 74-83. Retrieved March 23, 2022, from https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/ijie/vol7/iss1/7
  • Deighton, R.M., Gurris, N., Traue, H. (2007). Factors Affecting Burnout and Compassion Fatigue in Psychotherapists Treating Torture Survivors: Is the Therapist’s Attitude to Working Through Trauma Relevant? Journal of Traumatic Stress,20(1), 63–75. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20180
  • Demyttenaere, K., Bruffaerts, R., Posada-Villa, J., Gasquet, I., Kovess, V., Lepine, J.P., Angermeyer, M.C., Bernert, S., de Girolamo, G., Morosini, P., Polidori, G., Takehiko, K., Kawakami, N., Ono, Y., Takeshima, T., Uda, H., Karam, E.G., Fayyad, J.A., Karam, A.N., Mneimneh, Z.N., … WHO World Mental Health Survey Consortium. (2004). Prevalence, severity, and unmet need for treatment of mental disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. JAMA, 291(21), 2581–2590. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.291.21.2581
  • Denkinger, J.K., Windthorst, P., Rometsch-Ogioun El Sount, C., Blume, M., Sedik, H., Kizilhan, J.I., et al. (2018). Secondary traumatization in caregivers working with women and children who suffered extreme violence by the “Islamic State”. Front Psychiatry, 9:234. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00234
  • Doğan, C. (2017). Edirne zelinde Düzensiz menlerin Tercümanlık Boyutunda Sorunları ve Çözümünde Toplum Tercümanlığının Rolü [Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Sakarya].
  • Doherty, S., MacIntyre, A., & Wyne, T. (2010). How does it feel for you? The emotional impact and specific challenges of mental health interpreting. Mental Health Review Journal, 15(3), 31–44. https://doi.org/10.5042/mhrj.2010.0657
  • Doğan, A., Kahraman, R. (2011). Emergency and disaster interpreting in Turkey: Ten years of a unique endeavour. Hacettepe University Journal of Faculty Letters, 28, 61-76.
  • Duman, D. (2018). Toplum Çevirmenliğine Yorumbilimsel Bir Yaklaşım: Sağlık Çevirmeni ve Öznellik [Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Yıldız Teknik University]. Istanbul.
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  • Hasdemir, D. (2018). Effects of Refugee Trauma on Interpreters: A Qualitative Analyses of Vicarious Traumatization and Coping [Unpublished master’s thesis, Middle East Technical University]. Ankara.
  • Holmgren, H., Søndergaard, H., & Elklit, A. (2003). Stress and coping in traumatized interpreters: a pilot study of refugee interpreters working for a humanitarian organization. Intervention, 1(3), 22–27.
  • Hsieh, E. (2006). Conflicts in how interpreters manage their roles in provider-patient interactions. Social Science & Medicine, 62(3), 721-730.
  • Katar, B. (2019). Türkiye’de ve Avrupa’da Spor Çevirisi Uygulamalarındaki Benzerlikler, Farklılıklar ve Meslekleşme [Unpublished master’s thesis, Istanbul University].
  • Kim, S.E. (2000). Vicarious traumatization: The impact of therapists of treating trauma clients. (doctoral dissertation). Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences & Engineering, 60(9-B), 4892.
  • Kindermann, D., Schmid, C., Derreza-Greeven, C., Huhn, D., Kohl, R.M., Junne, F., et al. (2017). Prevalence of and risk factors for secondary traumatization in interpreters for refugees: a cross-sectional study. Psychopathology, 50(4), 262–72. https://doi.org/10.1159/000477670
  • Koçlu, S. 2019. Göç ve Çeviri İlişkisi Bağlamında Toplum Çevirmenliğine Üst Bakış: Sakarya Örneği [Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Sakarya].
  • Kurultay, T, Bulut, A. (2012). Toplum Çevirmenliğine Yeniden Bakışta Afette Rehber Çevirmenlik. Istanbul University Journal of Translation Studies, 6, 75-102.
  • Lai, M., Heydon, G., & Mulayim, S. (2015). Vicarious Trauma Among Interpreters. International Journal of Interpreter Education, 7(1), 3-22. Retrieved March 23, 2022, from https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/ijie/vol7/iss1/3
  • Lazarus, R., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer.
  • Loutan, L., Farinelli, T., & Pampallona, S. (1999). Medical interpreters have feelings too. Sozial- und Präventivmedizin, 44, 280-282. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01358977
  • Merlini, R. (2015). Empathy: A “zone of uncertainty” in mediated healthcare practice. Cultus: the Journal of Intercultural Mediation and Communication, 8, 27-49. Retrieved March 23, 2022, from http://www.cultusjournal.com/files/Archives/cultus__8_2015.pdf
  • Miller, K. E., Martell, Z. L., Pazdirek, L., Caruth, M., & Lopez, D. (2005). The Role of Interpreters in Psychotherapy with Refugees: An Exploratory Study. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 75(1), 27-39. DOI: 10.1037/0002-9432.75.1.27
  • Miller, M.N. & McGowen, R. (2000). The painful truth: Physicians are not invincible. Southern Medical Journal, 93, 966–973.
  • Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Türkiy. (2013). Ceza Muhakemesi Kanununa Göre Tercüman Listelerinin Düzenlenmesi Hakkında Yönetmelik [Directive on the Arrangement of Interpreter Lists According to the Code of Criminal Procedure]. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2013/03/20130305-6.htm
  • Mirdal, G.M., Ryding, E., & Essendrop Sondej, M. (2012). Traumatized refugees, their therapists, and their interpreters: three perspectives on psychological treatment. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 85(4), 436–455. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8341.2011.02036.x
  • Mirza, I., Jenkins, R. (2004). Risk factors, prevalence, and treatment of anxiety and depressive disorders in Pakistan: systematic review. BMJ, 328(7443):794. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.328.7443.794
  • Mirza, M., Harrison, E.A., Chang, H-C., Salo, C.D., & Birman, D. (2017). Making sense of three-way conversations: a qualitative study of cross-cultural counseling with refugee men. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 56, 52–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2016.12.002
  • Moore, A.L. (2004). Compassion fatigue, somatization, and trauma history: A study of disaster mental health professionals after the Oklahoma bombing. Dissertation Abstracts International. Section B: The Sciences & Engineering, 65(5-B), 2638.
  • Oral, Z., Okyayuz, Ş. (2020). Developing National Standards and Qualifications for Sign Language Interpreting in Turkey. Turkish Studies-Language, 15(3), 1379-1397.
  • Özsöz, B. (2019). Toplum Çevirmenliği Bağlamında Sağlık Turizmindeki Diyalog Çevirilerine Dilbilimsel ve Çeviribilimsel Yaklaşım [Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Sakarya].
  • Öztürk, T. (2015). Küresel Hareketlilik Etkisinde Türkiye'de Sağlık Çevirmenliği Uygulamaları: Çevirmen rüşlerine Dayalı Bir Çalışma [Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Sakarya].
  • Pearlman, L.A., & MacIan, P.S. (1995). Vicarious traumatization: An empirical study of the effects of trauma work on trauma therapists. Professional Psychology: Research&Practice, 26, 558–565.
  • Polat Ulaş, A., & Gündüz, A. (2020). A Bourdieusian Perspective on the Public Service Interpreters Working at the NonGovernmental Organizations. Çeviribilim ve Uygulamaları Dergisi, 28, 144-176.
  • Polat Ulaş, A. (2021a). Public Service Interpreters Bridging Communication Gaps for Syrian Refugees in the Turkish Context [Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Dokuz Eylül University]. Izmir.
  • Polat Ulaş, A. (2021b). A Bourdieusian perspective on interpreters providing services to Syrian refugees in Turkey. In R. Moratto & D. Li (Eds.), Global Insights into Public Service Interpreting: Theory, Practice and Training (pp.135-151). London/New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003197027
  • Polat Ulaş, A. (2022). Emotional Challenges of Interpreters Working with Refugees in Türkiye. New Voices in Translation Studies, 27, 64-89.
  • Pöchhacker, F. (2000). The Community Interpreter’s Task: Self-Perception and Provider Views. In R.P. Roberts, S.E. Carr, D. Abraham, & A. Dufour (Eds.), The Critical Link 2: Interpreters in the Community (pp. 49-65). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
  • Price, M. (1998). Vulnerability factors for secondary traumatic stress in psychotherapists who treat traumatized clients. Dissertation Abstracts International. Section B: The Sciences & Engineering, 59(4-B), 1865.
  • Resara, E., Tribe, R., & Lane, P. (2015). Interpreting in mental health, roles and dynamics in practice. International Journal of Culture and Mental Health, 8(2), 192–206. https://doi.org/10.1080/17542863.2014.921207
  • Rudvin, M. (2015). Interpreting and professional identity. In H. Mikkelson & R. Jourdenais (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Interpreting (pp. 432-446). London/New York: Routledge.
  • Rudvin, M., & Carfagnini, A. (2020). Interpreting Distress Narratives in Italian Reception Centres: The need for caution when negotiating empathy. Cultus: The Journal of Intercultural Mediation and Communication, 13, 123-144. Retrieved March 23, 2022, from https://www.cultusjournal.com/files/Cultus2020_Issue13.pdf
  • SIHHAT. (n.d.). Proje Faaliyetleri. http://www.sihhatproject.org/faaliyetler.html
  • Silverman, D. (2014). Interpreting Qualitative Data. London: SAGE Publications.
  • Sleptsova, M., Hofer, G., Morina, N., & Langewitz, W. (2014). The role of the health care interpreter in a clinical setting–a narrative review. Journal of Community Health Nursing, 31(3), 167–184. https://doi.org/10.1080/07370016.2014.926682
  • Splevins, K. A., Cohen, K., Joseph, S., Murray, C., & Bowley, J. (2010). Vicarious Posttraumatic Growth Among Interpreters. Qualitative Health Research, 20(12), 1705-1716. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732310377457
  • Sprang, G., Clark J.J., & Whitt-Woosley, A. (2007). Compassion Fatigue, Compassion Satisfaction, and Burnout: Factors Impacting a Professional’s Quality of Life. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 12(3), 259-280. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325020701238093
  • Steed, L., Bicknell, J. (2001). Trauma and the therapist: The experience of therapists working with the perpetrators of sexual abuse. The Australasian Journal of Disaster and Trauma Studies, 1 [online journal].
  • Sultanić, I. (2021). Interpreting traumatic narratives of unaccompanied child migrants in the United States: Effects, challenges and strategies. Linguistica Antverpiensia, New Series: Themes in Translation Studies, 20, 227-247. https://doi.org/10.52034/lanstts.v20i.601
  • Şan, F. (2021). Psikoterapi çevirmenliği: Psikososyal destek hizmetlerinde çevirmenin rolü ve önemi. RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, 23, 1027-1041. https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.949989
  • Şan, F. (2023). Türkiye’de Psikoterapi Çevirmenliği Üzerine. Çeviri Derneği. https://ceviridernegi.org/turkiyede-psikoterapi-cevirmenligi/
  • Şen Bartan, Ö., Aral, M., & Karabulut, Ş. (2021). Sign Language Court Interpreters in Turkey: Professionalization and Impartiality. Translogos, 4(1): 26-56.
  • Şener Erkırtay, O. (2021). (Co)-Constructing the role of healthcare interpreters in Turkey: Interactional dynamics in triadic encounters [Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Dokuz Eylül University]. Izmir.
  • Toker, S.S. (2019). Evaluation of Adaptation Training Provided by the Ministry Of Health And The World Health Organization: Patient Guides Within The Context Of Healthcare Interpreting Training In Turkey [Unpublished master’s thesis, Hacettepe University]. Ankara.
  • Turan, D. (2016). Sağlık Hizmetlerinde Sözlü Çeviri. Grafiker Yayınevi.
  • Uyanık, G.B. (2015). Spor Çevirmenliğinde Durumların ve Görevlerin Tanımlanması [Unpublished master’s thesis, Istanbul University].
  • Valero Garcés, C. (2015). The impact of emotional and psychological factors on public service interpreters: Preliminary studies. Translation and Interpreting, 7(3), 90–102. https://doi. org/10.12807/ti.107203.2015.a07
  • Williams, L. (2005). Interpreting Services for Refugees: Hearing Voices?. International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care, 1(1), 37-49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17479894200500005
  • Yeshaw, Y., Andualem, M. (2017). Depression, anxiety, stress, and their associated factors among Jimma University staff, Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia, 2016: a cross-sectional study. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 13: 2803–2812. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S150444
Toplam 86 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Çeviri ve Yorum Çalışmaları
Bölüm Çevirilbilimi
Yazarlar

Olcay Şener Erkırtay Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-5971-2585

Aslı Polat Ulaş 0000-0002-7815-3686

Şeyda Kıncal 0000-0003-4713-1537

Yayımlanma Tarihi 21 Mart 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Şubat 2024
Kabul Tarihi 20 Mart 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Sayı: Ö14

Kaynak Göster

APA Şener Erkırtay, O., Polat Ulaş, A., & Kıncal, Ş. (2024). Perceptions of interpreters working for refugee clients of the psychological effects of their work. RumeliDE Dil Ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi(Ö14), 1429-1452. https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1455538