The Effect of Fish Intervention with Undecorated and Decorated Aquarium on Pain, Anxiety and Fear in Children

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2, 265 - 273, 22.05.2024

Suat Tuncay , Abdullah Sarman

https://doi.org/10.33631/sabd.1346915

Öz

Aim: Intravenous interventions applied in hospitals or healthcare centres cause pain, anxiety, and fear in children. This study was aimed to determine the effect of fish intervention with undecorated and decorated aquarium on pain, anxiety and fear in children in pediatric acute care settings.
Material and methods: A total of 120 children aged 5-7 years, admitted to the hospital to receive daily treatment services, were randomly divided into three groups of 40 children each (decorated fish, undecorated fish, control) to determine the levels of pain, anxiety, and fear. Data collection was conducted using a Personal Information Form, Wong-Baker Pain Face Scale, Child Anxiety Scale-Situation, and Child Fear Scale. The evaluations were carried out before, during, and after the procedure. Japanese goldfish were utilized for the nursing intervention. Data were analyzed with SPSS 26.0 package programme.
Results : It was determined that there was a significant decrease in the pain, anxiety, and fear levels of the fish groups with and without decorations during and after the intervention when compared with the control group (p<0.001). It was determined that fish intervention with and without decorations is an effective and non-pharmacological approach that reduces pain, anxiety and fear in children undergoing invasive intervention.
Conclusion: Animal-assisted interventions can be a complementary intervention to conventional treatment to reduce pain, anxiety and fear in children and young people hospitalized for outpatient treatment. Nurses can safely use these applications to alleviate procedure pain and protect the psychological health of children and adolescents admitted to day services.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Animals, anxiety, fear, nurses, pain

Proje Numarası

-

Dekorsuz ve Dekorlu Akvaryumla Yapılan Balık Girişiminin Çocuklarda Ağrı, Kaygı ve Korku Üzerindeki Etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Hastane veya sağlık hizmeti verilen yerlerde uygulanan intravenöz girişimler çocuklarda ağrı, kaygı ve korkuya neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışma pediatrik akut bakım ortamlarında dekorsuz ve dekorlu akvaryumla yapılan balık girişiminin çocuklarda ağrı, kaygı ve korku üzerindeki etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Günübirlik tedavi hizmetleri almak için hastaneye başvuruda bulunan 5-7 yaş grubu 120 çocuk blok randomizasyonla ağrı, kaygı ve korku düzeylerini belirlemek için 40 kişilik üç gruba (dekorlu balık, dekorsuz balık, kontrol) ayrıldı. Verilerinin toplanmasında Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Wong-Baker Ağrı Yüz Skalası, Çocuk Kaygı Ölçeği-Durumluluk ve Çocuk Korku Ölçeği kullanıldı. Değerlendirmeler; işlem öncesi-sırası-sonrası olarak yapıldı. Hemşirelik girişimi için Japon akvaryum balıkları kullanıldı. Veriler SPSS 26 paket programıyla değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Dekorlu ve dekorsuz balık grubunun uygulama sırası ve sonrasında ağrı, kaygı ve korku seviyesi kontrol grubuyla karşılaştırıldığında önemli bir azalma oluştuğu belirlendi (p<0,001). İnvaziv girişim uygulanan çocuklarda dekorlu ve dekorsuz balık girişiminin ağrı, kaygı ve korkuyu azaltan etkili bir farmakolojik olmayan yöntem olduğu belirlendi.
Sonuç: Hayvan destekli uygulamalar ayaktan tedavi için hastaneye başvuran çocuk ve gençlerde ağrı, kaygı ve korkuyu azaltmak için geleneksel tedaviye tamamlayıcı bir müdahale olarak düşünülebilir. Hemşireler günübirlik servislere başvuran çocuk ve ergenlerin işlem ağrılarını hafifletmek ve psikolojik sağlığını korumak için bu uygulamaları güvenle kullanabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ağrı, hayvanlar, hemşireler, kaygı, korku

Destekleyen Kurum

-

Proje Numarası

-

Teşekkür

-

Kaynakça

• Waite TC, Hamilton L, O'Brien W. A meta-analysis of animal assisted interventions targeting pain, anxiety, and distress in medical settings. Complement Ther Clin Pr. 2018; 33: 49-55.
• Walco GA. Needle pain in children: Contextual factors. Pediatrics. 2008; 122(Supplement_3): S125-9.
• Jennings M Lou, Granger DA, Bryce CI, Twitchell D, Yeakel K, Teaford PA. Effect of animal assisted interactions on activity and stress response in children in acute care settings. Compr Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2021; 8: 100076.
• Chur-Hansen A, McArthur M, Winefield H, Hanieh E, Hazel S. Animal-Assisted Interventions in Children's Hospitals: A critical review of the literature. Anthrozoos. 2014; 1; 27(1): 5-18.
• Wu AS, Niedra R, Pendergast L, McCrindle BW. Acceptability and impact of pet visitation on a pediatric cardiology inpatient unit. J Pediatr Nurs. 2002; 17(5): 354-62.
• Tsai C-C, Friedmann E, Thomas SA. The effect of animal-assisted therapy on stress responses in hospitalized children. Anthrozoos. 2010; 23(3): 245-58.
• Sobo EJ, Eng B, Kassity-Krich N. Canine visitation (pet) therapy: Pilot data on decreases in child pain perception. J Holist Nurs. 2006; 24(1): 51-7.
• Bert F, Gualano MR, Camussi E, Pieve G, Voglino G, Siliquini R. Animal assisted intervention: A systematic review of benefits and risks. Eur J Integr Med. 2016; 8(5): 695-706.
• Wagner C, Gaab J, Hediger K. The importance of the treatment rationale for pain in animal-assisted ınterventions: A randomized controlled trial in healthy participants. J Pain. 2023; 24(6): 1080-93.
• Kaminski M, Pellino T, Wish J. Play, and pets: the physical and emotional impact of child-life and pet therapy on hospitalized children. Child Health Care. 2002; 31(4): 321-35.
• Schulz KF, Altman DG, Moher D; CONSORT Group. CONSORT 2010 statement: Updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. BMJ. 2010; 340: c332.
• Wong DL, Baker CM. Pain in children: Comparison of assessment scales. Pediatr Nurs. 1988; 14(1): 9-17.
• Ersig AL, Kleiber C, McCarthy AM, Hanrahan K. Validation of a clinically useful measure of children's state anxiety before medical procedures. J Spec Pediatr Nurs. 2013; 18(4): 311-9.
• Gerçeker GÖ, Ayar D, Özdemir Z, Bektaş M. Çocuk Anksiyete Skalası-Durumluluk ve Çocuk Korku Ölçeğinin Türk diline kazandırılması. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektron Derg. 2018; 11(1): 9-13.
• McMurtry CM, Noel M, Chambers CT, McGrath PJ. Children's fear during procedural pain: Preliminary investigation of the Children's Fear Scale. Health Psychol. 2011; 30(6): 780-8.
• Aydın B. Knowledge and attitudes of college students about buying aquarium fish. Ege J Fish Aquat Sci. 2018; 35(4): 447-54.
• Savaş E, Şener E, Yıldız M. Japon balıklarında (carassius sp.) embriyolojik ve larval gelişimin incelenmesi. İstanbul Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2006; 32(3): 7-19.
• Braun C, Stangler T, Narveson J, Pettingell S. Animal-assisted therapy as a pain relief intervention for children. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2009; 15(2): 105-9.
• Calcaterra V, Veggiotti P, Palestrini C, De Giorgis V, Raschetti R, Tumminelli M, et al. Post-operative benefits of animal-assisted therapy in pediatric surgery: A randomised study. PLoS One. 2015; 10(6): e0125813.
• Sanchez M, Delpont M, Bachy M, Kabbaj R, Annequin D, Vialle R. How can surgeonfish help pediatric surgeons? A pilot study investigating the antinociceptive effect of fish aquariums in adult volunteers. Pain Res Manag. 2015; 20(1): e28-32.
• Livnat S, Felten SY, Carlson SL, Bellinger DL, Felten DL. Involvement of peripheral and central catecholamine systems in neural-immune interactions. J Neuroimmunol. 1985; 10(1): 5-30.
• Cole KM, Gawlinski A. Animal-assisted therapy: the human-animal bond. AACN Clin Issues. 2000; 11(1): 139-49.
• Silva NB, Osório FL (2018) Impact of an animal-assisted therapy programme on physiological and psychosocial variables of paediatric oncology patients. PLoS One 13(4): e0194731
• Bringuier S, Dadure C, Raux O, Dubois A, Picot M-C, Capdevila X. The perioperative validity of the visual analog anxiety scale in children: A discriminant and useful instrument in routine clinical practice to optimize postoperative pain management. Anesth Analg. 2009; 109(3): 737-44.
• Lamontagne LL, Hepworth JT, Salisbury MH. Anxiety and postoperative pain in children who undergo major orthopedic surgery. Appl Nurs Res. 2001; 14(3): 119-24.
• Sarman A, Günay U. The effects of goldfish on anxiety, fear, psychological and emotional well-being of hospitalized children: A randomized controlled study. J Pediatr Nurs. 2023; 68: e69-78.
• Barker SB, Knisely JS, Schubert CM, Green JD, Ameringer S. The effect of an animal-assisted intervention on anxiety and pain in hospitalized children. Anthrozoos. 2015; 28(1): 101-12.
• Viau R, Arsenault-Lapierre G, Fecteau S, Champagne N, Walker C-D, Lupien S. Effect of service dogs on salivary cortisol secretion in autistic children. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2010; 35(8): 1187-93.
• Beetz A, Uvnäs-Moberg K, Julius H, Kotrschal K. Psychosocial and psychophysiological effects of human-animal interactions: The possible role of oxytocin. Front Psychol. 2012; 3: 234.
• Gussgard AM, Carlstedt K, Meirik M. Intraoral clinical examinations of pediatric patients with anticipatory anxiety and situational fear facilitated by therapy dog assistance: A pilot RCT. Clin Exp Dent Res. 2023; 9(1): 122-33.
• Chubak J, Hawkes R, Dudzik C, Foose-Foster JM, Eaton L, Johnson RH, et al. Pilot study of therapy dog visits for inpatient youth with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. 2017; 34(5): 331-41.