Yeni Çalışmalar Işığında Hypericum Türlerinin Farmakolojik Aktiviteleri

Yıl 2019, , 71 - 79, 06.09.2019

Ezgi Ersoy , Esra Eroğlu Özkan

https://doi.org/10.26650/JARHS2019-616370

Öz

Hypericaceae familyasına ait Hypericum türleri, özellikle en çok bilinen tür olan Hypericum perforatum, tüm dünyada en çok kullanılan tıbbi bitkilerdendir. Son yıllarda H. perforatum içeren ürün sayısı tüm dünyada ciddi oranda artmıştır.1 H. perforatum türünün özellikle yara iyi edici ve antidepresan özellikleri nedeniyle antik çağlardan beri kullanıldığına, hatta Ortaçağ Avrupası’nda kutsal kabul edildiğine ve birçok dini ritüelin parçası olduğuna dair kanıtlar mevcuttur.2 Türkçe’ de en bilinen ismi “Sarı Kantaron” olan bitki, yurt dışında “St. John’s Wort” ismiyle tanınmaktadır. Hypericum türlerinin kimyasal bileşenleri ve biyolojik aktiviteleri üzerinde çok sayıda çalışma yapılmıştır. Buna göre, H. perforatum türünün majör aktif bileşikleri bir floroglusinol türevi olan hiperforin ve bir naftodiantron bileşiği olan hiperisindir. Bitkide bunun yanında flavonoitler, fenolik asitler, tanenler, uçucu yağlar, ksanton bileşikleri gibi başka çeşitli biyolojik aktif maddeler de bulunmaktadır.3 Bugüne dek, Hypericum türlerinin birçok farklı farmakolojik etkisi kayıt altına alınmıştır. Bu çalışma; Hypericum türlerinin antidepresan etkisi, yara iyi edici etkisi, antienflamatuar etkisi, antioksidan etkisi, antimikrobiyal etkisi, nörodejeneratif hastalıklar üzerine etkisi, sitotoksik etkisi, analjezik ve antinosiseptif etkisi gibi önemli bazı etkileri ile ilgili yapılan güncel çalışmaları özet olarak sunmaktadır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hypericum, Sarı Kantaron, Biyolojik Aktivite

Pharmacological Acti̇vi̇ti̇es of Hypericum Species in Light of New Studies

Öz

The Hypericum species that belong to the family Hypericaceae, especially the most common Hypericum perforatum, are presently one of the most consumed medicinal plants in the world. In recent years, the use of products containing H. perforatum has increased dramatically all over the world.1 There is evidence that H. perforatum has been used for its wound healing and antidepressant effects since ancient times and was even believed to be “sacred” and was a part of religious rituals in medieval Europe.2 H. perforatum is known as “sarı kantaron” in Turkish, whereas the most common name in other countries is “St. John’s Wort”. Numerous studies have been conducted on the chemical constituents and biological activities of the Hypericum species. The major active constituents are considered to be hyperforin which is a phloroglucinol derivative, and hypericin, a naphthodianthrone compound. Furthermore, other biologically active constituents, such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, volatile compounds and xanthones are also present in the plant extracts.3 Several pharmacological activities of the Hypericum species have been documented so far. The present study gives a summary of the most recent studies related to some important properties, including its antidepressant effect, wound-healing effect, anti-inflammatory effect, antioxidant effect, antimicrobial effect, effects on neurodegenerative disorders, cytotoxic effect, analgesic, and antinociceptive effect. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hypericum, St. John’s Wort, Biological Activity

Kaynakça

• 1. Wills R.B.H., Bone K., Morgan M. (2000): Herbal products: active constituents, models of action and quality control, Nutritional Research Reviews, 13: 47-77.
• 2. Istikoglou C.L., Mavreas V., Geroulanos G. (2010): History and therapeutic properties of Hypericum perforatum from antiquity until today, Psychiatrike, 21(4): 8-332.
• 3. Nahrstedt A., Butterweck V. (1997): Biologically active and other chemical constituents of the herb Hypericum perforatum L., Pharmacopsychiatry, 30: 129-134.
• 4. Başköse İ., Savran A., (2018): A new species from southern Anatolia (Dedegöl Mountain Series — Çürük Mountain) in Turkey: Hypericum bilgehanbilgilii (Hypericaceae). Phytotaxa, 374(2): 110-118.
• 5. Galeotti N. (2017): Hypericum perforatum (St John’s wort) beyond depression: A therapeutic perspective for pain conditions, Journal of ethnopharmacology, 200: 136-146.
• 6. Saddiqe Z., Naeem I., Maimoona A. (2010): A review of the antibacterial activity of Hypericum perforatum L., Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 131: 511-521.
• 7. Linde K. (2009): St. John’s wort–an overview, Complementary Medicine Research, 16(3): 146-155.
• 8. World Health Organization (WHO) (2002): WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants. vol. 2. World Health Organization, Geneva.
• 9. Gaedcke F. (2003): Beispiel Johanniskraut. Herstellungs und Qualitätsaspekte pflanzlicher Extrakte, Pharm Unserer Zeit, 32: 192-201.
• 10. Linde K. (2008): Johanniskraut bei Depression – eine Übersicht der randomisierten Studien bezogenauf einzelne Extrakte. Kommission Qualität und Transparenz von Phytopharmaka des Komitees Forschung, Naturmedizin.
• 11. Hostettmann K., Wolfender J.L. (2005): St. John’s Wort and its Active Principles in Depression and Anxiety, Phytochemistry, 5-20.
• 12. Sarris J. (2018): Herbal medicines in the treatment of psychiatric disorders: 10- year updated review, Phytotherapy Research, 32: 1147-1162.
• 13. Linde K., Berner M.M., Kriston L. (2008): St John’s wort for major depression, Cochrane Database Syst Rev. CD000448.
• 14. Xiang Q., Venkatanarayananb N., C.Y.X. Ho. (2017): Clinical use of Hypericum perforatum (St John’s wort) in depression: A meta-analysis, Journal of Affective Disorders, 210: 211-221.
• 15. Zhou Z., Li Z., Wang X., Luo J., Kong L. (2016): Polycyclic Polyprenylated Derivatives from Hypericum uralum: Neuroprotective Effects and Antidepressant-like Activity of Uralodin A, Nat. Prod., 79: 1231-1240.
• 16. Ramalhete N., Machado A., Serrano R., Gomes E.T., Mota-Filipe H., Silva O. (2016): Comparative study on the in vivo antidepressant activities of the Portuguese Hypericum foliosum, Hypericum androsaemum and Hypericum perforatum medicinal plants, Industrial Crops and Products, 82: 29-36.
• 17. Süntar I.P., Akkol E.K., Yılmazer D., Baykal T., Kırmızıbekmez H., Alper M., Yeşilada E. (2010): Investigations on the in vivo wound healing potential of Hypericum perforatum L., J. Ethnopharmacol., 127 (2): 468-477.
• 18. Öztürk N., Korkmaz S., Öztürk Y. (2007): Woundhealing activity of St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum) on chicken embryonic fibroblasts, J. Ethanopharmacol., 111: 33-39.
• 19. Prisacaru A.I., Andritoiu C., Andriescu C. (2013): Evaluation of the wound-healing effect of a novel Hypericum perforatum ointment in skin injury, J Morphol Embryol., 54: 1053.
• 20. Sayar H., Gergerlioglu N., Seringec N., Ozturk P., Bulbuloglu E., Karabay G. (2014): Comparison of efficacy of topical phenytoin with hypericin in second-degree burn wound healing: an experimental study in rats, Med. Sci. Monit. Basic Res., 20: 36.
• 21. Kıyan S., Uyanıkgil Y., Altuncı Y.A., Çavuşoğlu T., Uyanikgil E.O.C., Karabey F. (2015): Investigation of acute effects of Hypericum perforatum (St. John’s Wort-Kantaron) treatment in experimental thermal burns and comparison with silver sulfadiazine treatment, Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg., 21: 323336.
• 22. Mainetti S., Carnevalli F. (2013): An experience with paediatric burnwounds treated with a plant-derived wound therapeutic, J. Wound Care, 22: 681-689.
• 23. Wölfle U., Seelinger G., Schempp C. M. (2014): Topical application of St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum), Planta medica, 80(02/03): 109-120.
• 24. Dikmen M., Öztürk Y., Sagratini G. (2011): Evaluation of the wound healing potentials of two subspecies of Hypericum perforatum on cultured NIH3T3 fibroblasts, Phytother. Res., 25: 208-214.
• 25. Hostanska K., Rostock M., Melzer J., Baumgartner S., Saller R. (2012): A homeopathic remedy from arnica, marigold, St. John’s Wort and comfrey accelerates in vitro wound scratch closure of NIH3T3 fibroblasts, Complement Altern Med., 12: 100-109.
• 26. Elisabetta G., Chiara C., Gaetano S., Maria R., Maria L. (2017): Evaluation of wound healing activity of St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum) in horses, Comp. Clin. Pathol., 26(3): 611-615.
• 27. Hohmann M.S., Cardoso R.D., Fattori V., Arakawa N.S., Tomaz J.C., Lopes N.P., Verri Jr W.A. (2015): Hypericum perforatum Reduces Paracetamol Induced Hepatotoxicity and Lethality in Mice by Modulating Inflammation and Oxidative Stress, Phytotherapy Research, 29(7): 1097-1101.
• 28. Mansour S., Djebli N., Ozkan E.E., Mat A. (2014): In vivo antiinflammatory activity and chemical composition of Hypericum scabroides, Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine, 7: 514-520.
• 29. Crockett S., Wenzing E.M., Kunert O., Bauer R. (2008): Anti-inflammatory phloroglucinol derivatives from Hypericum empetrifolium, Phytochemistry Letters, 1(1): 37-43. 30. Raziq N., Saeed M., Shahid M., Muhammad N., Khan H., Gul F. (2015): Pharmacological basis for the use of Hypericum oblongifolium as a medicinal plant in the management of pain, inflammation and pyrexia, BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 16(1): 41.
• 31. Mir M.Y., Kamili A.N., Hassan Q.P., Rafi S., Parray J.A., Jan S. (2016): In vitro Regeneration and Free Radical Scavenging Assay of Hypericum perforatum L., National Academy Science Letters, 1-7.
• 32. Gitea D., Vicas S., Gitea M.A., Nemeth S., Tit D. M., Pasca B., Iovan C. (2018): HPLC Screening of Bioactives Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity of Different Hypericum Species, Revista de Chimie, 69(2): 305-309.
• 33. Napoli E., Siracusa L., Ruberto G., Carrubba A., Lazzara S., Speciale A., Cimino F., Saija A., Cristani M. (2018): Phytochemical profiles, phototoxic and antioxidant properties of eleven Hypericum species, A comparative study, Phytochemistry, 15: 162-173.
• 34. Özkan E.E., Özden T.Y., Özsoy N., Mat A. (2018): Evaluation of chemical composition, antioxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities of Hypericum neurocalycinum and Hypericum malatyanum, South African Journal of Botany, 114: 104-110.
• 35. Avcı H., Gergeroğlu H. (2018): Synergistic effects of plant extracts and polymers on structural and antibacterial properties for wound healing, Polymer Bulletin, 1-23.
• 36. Li Y.P., Hu K., Yang X. W., Xu G. (2018): Antibacterial Dimeric Acylphloroglucinols from Hypericum japonicum, Journal of natural products, 81(4): 10981102.
• 37. Dülger G., Dülger B. (2014): Antifungal activity of Hypericum havvae against some medical Candida yeast and Cryptococcus species, Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 13(3): 405-408.
• 38. Meirelles G.C., Pippi B., Hatwig C., Barros F., de Oliveira L.F., Poser G.L.V., Fuentefria A.M. (2017): Synergistic antifungal activity of the lipophilic fraction of Hypericum carinatum and fluconazole, Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 27(1): 118-123.
• 39. Kubin A., Wierrani F., Burner U., Alth G., Grunberger W. (2005): Hypericin-the facts about a controversial agent, Current pharmaceutical design, 11(2): 233-253.
• 40. Gómez del Rio M.A., Sánchez-Reus M.I., Iglesias I., Pozo M.A., García-Arencibia M., Fernández-Ruiz J., García-García L., Delgado M., Benedí J. (2013): Neuroprotective Properties of Standardized Extracts of Hypericum perforatum on Rotenone Model of Parkinson’s Disease, CNS Neurol. Disord. Drug Targets, 12(5): 665-679.
• 41. Ittner L.M., Götz J. (2011): Amyloid-β and tau — a toxic pas de deux in Alzheimer’s disease. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 12: 67-72.
• 42. Nussbaum J.M., Seward M.E., Bloom G.S. (2013): Alzheimer disease, Prion, 7(1): 14-19.
• 43. Gao W., Hou W. Z., Zhao J., Xu F., Li L., Xu F., Sun H., Xing J.-G., Peng Y., Wang X.L., Ji T.F., Gu Z.Y. (2016): Polycyclic Polyprenylated Acylphloroglucinol Congeners from Hypericum scabrum, J. Nat. Prod., 79 (6): 1538-1547.
• 44. Zhang J.J., Yang X. W., Liu X., Ma J.Z., Liao Y., Xu G. (2015): 1,9-seco-Bicyclic Polyprenylated Acylphloroglucinols from Hypericum uralum, J. Nat. Prod., 78(12): 3075-3079.
• 45. Kuchárová B. (2015): Potentiation of hypericinmediated photodynamic therapy cytotoxicity by MK886: focus on ABC transporters, GDF-15 and redox status, Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy, 12(3): 490-503.
• 46. Sarrou E., Giassafaki L.P., Masuero D., Perenzoni D., Vizirianakis I.S., Irakli M., Martens S. (2018): Metabolomics assisted fingerprint of Hypericum perforatum chemotypes and assessment of their cytotoxic activity, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 114: 325-333.
• 47. Fobofou S.A.T., Franke K., Sanna G., Porzel A., Bullita E., La Colla P., Wessjohann L.A. (2015): Isolation and anticancer, anthelminthic, and antiviral (HIV) activity of acylphloroglucinols, and regioselective synthesis of empetrifranzinans from Hypericum roeperianum, Bioorg. Med. Chem., 23: 6327-6334.
• 48. Zhou Z.B., Zhang Y.M., Pan K., Luo J.G., Kong L.Y. (2014): Cytotoxic polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols from Hypericum attenuatum, Fitoterapia, 95: 1-7.
• 49. Gunther R.T. (1968): The Greek Herbal of Dioscorides, Hafner Publishing Company.
• 50. Bombardelli E., Marozzoni P. (1995): Hypericum perforatum, Fitoterapia, 66(1): 43-68.
• 51. Barnes J., Anderson L.A., Phillipson J.D. (2001): St John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.): a review of its chemistry, pharmacology and clinical properties, J. Pharm Pharmacol., 53(5): 583-600.
• 52. Galeotti N., Vivoli E., Bilia A.R., Souto E.B., Calpena A.C., Garcia M.L. (2010a): St. John’s Wort reduces neuropathic pain through a hypericin-mediated inhibition of the protein kinase C gamma and epsilon activity, Biochem Pharmacol., 79: 1327-1336.
• 53. Galeotti N., Vivoli E., Bilia A.R., Bergonzi M.C., Bartolini A., Ghelardini C.A. (2010b): prolonged protein kinase C-mediated, opioid-related antinociceptive effect of St John’s Wort in mice, J. Pain, 11(2): 149-159.
• 54. Mainetti S., Carnevalli F. (2013): An experience with paediatric burnwounds treated with a plant-derived wound therapeutic, J. Wound Care, 22: 681-689.
• 55. Samadi S., Khadivzadeh T., Emami A., Moosavi N.S., Tafaghodi H., Behnam H.R. (2010): The effect of Hypericum perforatum on the wound healing and scar of cesarean, The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 16(1): 113-117.
• 56. Sanna M.D., Ghelardini C., Galeotti N. (2016): St. John’s wort potentiates anti-nociceptive effects of morphine in mice models of neuropathic pain, Pain Medicine, 18(7): 1334-1343.