NEW NORMALS IN DENTAL EDUCATION DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 32 - 40, 10.02.2022

Özen Onur , Sabire Deger İşler , Gülsüm Ak , Kadriye Peker , Mustafa Mert Açıkgöz

https://doi.org/10.26650/JARHS2021-945208

Öz

Dental education takes place in a challenging five-year period, which includes preclinical and clinical periods, and where theoretical and practical applications are carried out together. The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant effects on dental education, service delivery, and scientific research. The most striking change can be summarized as the use of modern information technologies in education, the application of online teaching and assessment forms, the focus on protecting and improving the oral health of the society, and the active use of tele-dentistry practices. In our country, in line with the recommendations of the Council of Higher Education and the Ministry of Health, dental faculties continued their dentistry education by taking preventive measures. Practical training has an important place in dentistry education. Even with the efforts to adapt to the pandemic process, it is clear that some ethical problems have arisen due to the deficiencies in the practical applications aimed at improving the motor functions of the students, making independent decisions, and gaining working competence. This study aims to make a positive contribution to the elimination of emerging problems while compiling the negative effects of the pandemic on dentistry education.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19 Pandemic, Dental Education, Online Education, Ethics

COVID-19 PANDEMI DÖNEMINDE DIŞ HEKIMLIĞI EĞITIMINDE YENI NORMALLER

Öz

Diş hekimliği eğitimi, preklinik ve klinik dönemleri içeren, teorik ve pratik uygulamaların birlikte yürütüldüğü beş yıllık zorlu bir süreçte gerçekleşir. COVID-19 pandemisinin diş hekimliği eğitimi, hizmet sunumu, bilimsel araştırmalar üzerinde önemli etkileri olmuştur. En çarpıcı değişim, eğitimde modern bilişim teknolojilerinin kullanması, çevrimiçi öğretim ve değerlendirme biçimlerinin uygulanması, toplumun ağız sağlığının korunması ve geliştirilmesinde odaklanma, tele-diş hekimliği uygulamalarının aktif kullanımı olarak özetlenebilmektedir. Ülkemizde Yükseköğretim Kurulu ve Sağlık Bakanlığı önerileri doğrultusunda diş hekimliği fakülteleri, koruyucu önlemler alarak diş hekimliği eğitimlerine devam etmişlerdir. Diş hekimliği eğitimi içerisinde uygulamalı eğitimler önemli yer tutar. Her ne kadar pandemi sürecine uyum sağlanmaya çalışılsa da öğrencilerin motor fonksiyonlarının gelişimini, bağımsız karar verebilme, çalışma yetkinliğini kazandırmayı hedefleyen pratik uygulamalardaki eksikler nedeniyle bazı etik sorunların ortaya çıktığı açıktır. Bu çalışma pandeminin diş hekimliği eğitimi üzerine olumsuz etkilerini derlerken, ortaya çıkan sorunların giderilmesine yönelik pozitif katkı sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19 pandemisi, diş hekimliği eğitimi, çevrimiçi eğitim, etik

Kaynakça

• 1. Quin B, Field J, Gorter R, Akota I, Manzanares MC, Paganelli C et al. COVID‐19: The immediate response of european academic dental institutions and future implications for dental education. Eur J Dent Educ 2020;24:811– 4.
• 2. WHO. WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19-11 March 2020. (Cited 10 May 2021) Available from: URL: https://www.who.int/directorgeneral/ speeches/detail/who-director-generalsopening- remarks-at-the-media-briefingoncovid- 19---11-march-2020.
• 3. Barabari P, Moharamzadeh K. Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) and Dentistry–A Comprehensive Review of Literature. Dentistry Journal 2020;8(2):53.
• 4. Salas J, Zafra M. An analysis of three COVID-19 outbreaks: How they happened and how they can be avoided. 2020. (Cited 5 May 2021) Available from: URL: https://english.elpais.com/spanish_ news/2020-06-17/an-analysis-of-threecovid-19- outbreaks-how-they-happened-and-howtheycan- be-avoided.html.
• 5. T Liang. Handbook of COVID-19 prevention and treatment. The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. 2020. (Cited 1 May 2021) Available from URL: https:// covid-19.conacyt.mx/jspui/handle/1000/25.
• 6. David T. Wu, Kevin Y. Wu, Thomas T. Nguyen, Simon D. Tran. The impact of COVID-19 on dental education in North America—Where do we go next? Eur J Dent Educ 2020;00:1–3.
• 7. Hung M, Licari FW, Hon ES, Lauren E, Su S,Birmingham WC et al. In an era of uncertainty:Impact of COVID‐19 on dental education. J Dent Educ 2021;85:148–56.
• 8. Desai BK. Clinical implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on dental education. J Dent Educ. 2020;84(5):512. 9. Deery C. The COVID-19 pandemic: implications for dental education. Evid Based Dent 2020;21:46–7.
• 10. Dedeilia A, Sotiropoulos MG, Hanrahan JG, Janga D, Dedeilias P, Sideris M. Medical and Surgical Education Challenges and Innovations in the COVID-19 Era: A Systematic Review. In Vivo 2020;34(3 Suppl):1603-11.
• 11. Sukhbir SS, Sahoo NK. Pandemic proofing dental education. Med J Armed Forces India 2020;77(Suppl 1):S31-S36.
• 12. Machado RA, Bonan PRF, Perez DEC, Martelli H. COVID-19 pandemic and the impact on dental education: discussing current and future perspectives. Braz Oral Res 2020;34:e083.
• 13. Haroon Z, Azad AA, Sharif M, Aslam A, Arshad K et al. COVID-19 Era: Challenges and solutions in dental education. JCPSP 2020;30:129-31.
• 14. Schlenz MA, Schmidt A, Wöstmann B, Krämer N, Schulz-Weidner N. Students’ and lecturers’ perspective on the implementation of online learning in dental education due to SARSCoV- 2 (COVID-19): a cross-sectional study. BMC Medical Education 2020; 20:354.
• 15. Nasseripour M, Turner J, Rajadurai S, San Diego J, Quinn B , Bartlett A et al. COVID 19 and dental education: Transitioning from a well-established synchronous format and face to face teaching to an asynchronous format of dental clinical teaching and learning. J Med Educ Curric Dev 2021;8:1–3.
• 16. Aggarwal G, Aggarwal S, Robles J, Depasquale JR, Auseon A. Medical education focus in published articles related to COVID-19. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020;20:7905-07.
• 17. Van Doren EJ, Lee JE, Breitman LS, Chutinan S, Ohyama H. Students’ perceptions on dental education in the wake of the COVID‐19 pandemic. J Dent Educ 2020;1(3):1-6.
• 18. Iwanaga J, Loukas M, Dumont AS, Tubbs RS. A review of anatomy education during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic: Revisiting traditional and modern methods to achieve future innovation. Clin Anat 2021;34:108–14.
• 19. Chang TY, Hong G, Paganelli C, Phantumvanit P, Chang WJ, Shieh YS et al. Innovation of dental education during COVID-19 pandemic. JDS 2021;16:15-20.
• 20. Akinkugbe AA, Garcia DT, Smith CS, Brickhouse TH, Mosavel M. A descriptive pilot study of the immediate impacts of COVID‐19 on dental and dental hygiene students’ readiness and wellness. J Dent Educ 2021;85(3):401–10.
• 21. Iyer P, Aziz K, Ojcius DM. Impact of COVID‐19 on dental education in the United States. J Dent Educ 2020;84:718– 22. 2
• 2. Donn J, Scott JA, Binnie V, Bell A. A pilot of a Virtual Objective Structured Clinical Examination in dental education. A response to COVID-19. Eur J Dent Educ 2020; 25(1). doi: 10.1111/eje.12624. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33185919.
• 23. Wicht MJ, Höfer K, Derman SHM, Noack MJ, Barbe AG. Retrospective investigation of organization and examination results of the state examination in restorative dentistry, endodontology and periodontology under simulated conditions in times of Covid-19 compared to standard conditions when treating patients. GMS J Med Educ 2020 Dec 3;37(7):87. doi: 10.3205/zma001380. PMID: 33364366; PMCID: PMC7740043.
• 24. Khalaf K, El-Kishawi M, Moufti MA, Al Kawas S. Introducing a comprehensive high-stake online exam to final-year dental students during the COVID-19 pandemic and evaluation of its effectiveness. Med Educ Online 2020;25(1):1826861. doi: 10.1080/10872981.2020.1826861. PMID: 33000704; PMCID: PMC7580847.
• 25. Seneviratne CJ, Lau MWJ, Goh BT. The Role of Dentists in COVID-19 Is Beyond Dentistry: Voluntary Medical Engagements and Future Preparedness. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020;7:566.
• 26. Gurgel BCV, Borges SB, Borges REA, Calderon PDS. COVID-19: Perspectives for the management of dental care and education. J Appl Oral Sci 2020;28:28.e20200358. doi: 10.1590/1678-7757-2020-0358-13.
• 27. Ghai S. Teledentistry during COVID-19 pandemic. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020;14(4):337–9.
• 28. Coulthard P, Thomson P, Dave M, Coulthard FP, Seoudi N, Hill M. The COVID-19 pandemic and dentistry: the clinical, legal and economic consequences- part 2: consequences of withholding dental care. Br Dent J 2020;229:801– 5.
• 29. Kramer KJ. The COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on Dentistry. Anesth Prog 2020; 67(2):65–6.
• 30. Ghaffar A, Rashid SF, Wanyenze RK, et al. Public health education post-COVID-19: a proposal for critical revisions. BMJ Global Health 2021;6:e005669.
• 31. Liu C, Onudiwe F. The ‘new normal’ in oral health promotion. Br Dent J 2020;229:641-2.
• 32. FDI. COVID-19: FDI members distributed PPE for dental teams on World Oral Health Day. (Cited 5 May 2021) Available from: URL: https://www.fdiworlddental.org/covid-19-fdimembers- distributed-ppe-dental-teams-worldoral- health-day.
• 33. León S, Giacaman RA. COVID-19 and Inequities in Oral Health Care for Older People: An Opportunity for Emerging Paradigms. JDR Clinical & Translational Research 2020;5(4):290- 2.
• 34. Mahdi SS, Ahmed Z, Allana R, Peretti A, Amenta F, Nadeem Bijle M, Seow LL, Daood U. Pivoting Dental Practice Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic-A Systematic Review. Medicina (Kaunas) 2020;56(12):644.