Barış Operasyonlarının Dönüşümü: Kısa Bir Gözden Geçirme

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 137 - 192, 11.09.2024

İlyas Bozkurt

Öz

1948’de silahsız BM barış gözlemcileri ile başlayan barış operasyonları, günümüzde ihtiyaç duyulduğunda silah kullanma yetkisine sahip askerî birliklerin icra ettiği barışı zorlama harekâtlarına dönüşme eğilimine girmiştir. Başlangıçta ülkeler arası çatışmaları önlemek maksadıyla tasarlanmış olan BM prensip ve usulleri, bugün yaygın olarak ülkelerin kendi içlerindeki sivil çatışmaların önlenmesinde kullanılmaktadır. Şimdiye kadar başlatılmış olan 71 BM barış operasyonundan, görev talimatlarında kendilerine verilen görevleri tamamlama açısından, başarısız olan pek çok operasyon bulunmaktadır. Bu incelemenin amacı; bütüncül bir yaklaşımla, BM’nin kuruluşundan bu yana icra edilen barış operasyonlarının dönüşümünü, yasal çerçevelerini de dikkate alarak, geleceğe ilişkin bazı çıkarımlar yapacak şekilde, kısaca gözden geçirmektir. Temel inceleme sorusu; “Tarihi süreç içerisindeki değişimler, yasal dayanakları, sahadaki mevcut durum ve karşılaşılan problem sahaları ışığında, BM barış operasyonlarının geleceğine yönelik ne tür çıkarımlar yapılabilir?” şeklinde belirlenmiştir. İncelemede, “nitel araştırma” tekniklerinden “doküman analizi” metodu kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada; uluslararası barış ve güvenliğin korunmasında, BM barış operasyonlarının önemli vasıtalar olmaya devam edeceği, ancak başarılarının büyük ölçüde başta BM’nin veto yetkisine sahip beş daimî üyesi olmak üzere büyük ülkelerinin gösterecekleri iş birliği ve dayanışma ile olumlu birlik ve kaynak katkılarına bağlı olmaya devam edeceği savunulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Barış Operasyonu, Dönüşüm, Hukuki Çerçeve, Barışı Koruma, Barış Gücü

Kaynakça

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