Bilişsel Radyo Ağlarında Spektrum El Değiştirme

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 3, 291 - 302, 13.12.2015

Muhammed Bayrakdar , Ali Çalhan

https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.81445

Cited By: 1

Öz

Bilişsel radyo, frekans spektrumundaki kullanılmayan boşlukların fırsatçı bir şekilde kullanılmasını sağlayan yeni bir teknoloji olarak geliştirilmiştir. Sabit spektrum tahsisleri, radyo frekans spektrumunda kullanılmayan frekans kanallarının ortaya çıkmasına neden olmaktadır. Bilişsel radyo teknolojisi, ikincil kullanıcıların ortamı sezerek spektrumun boş yada kullanılmayan kısımlarından verimli bir şekilde faydalanmasını amaçlamaktadır. Spektrum yönetimi, birincil (lisanslı) ve ikincil (lisanssız) kullanıcılar arasındaki etkileşimi kontrol eden bir tekniktir. İkincil kullanıcıların birincil kullanıcılara girişim oluşturmaması, bilişsel radyo ağlarının başarımı açısından oldukça önemlidir. İkincil kullanıcılara tahsis edilen frekans kanallarının tekrar birincil kullanıcılara tahsisi durumunda ikincil kullanıcıların yeni bir frekans kanalına geçmeleri gerekmektedir. Bu işlem spektrum el değiştirme olarak ifade edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, bilişsel radyo ağlarında spektrum el değiştirme olarak bilinen ikincil kullanıcıların kanal değiştirmesi ile ilgili çalışmalar incelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bilişsel radyo, Spektrum el değiştirme, Spektrum yönetimi

Spectrum Handoff in Cognitive Radio Networks

Öz

Cognitive radio has developed as a new technology that uses unutilized spectrum holes in an opportunistic manner. Fixed spectrum allocations have caused to reveal unused portions of radio frequencies in spectrum channels. Cognitive radio technology aims to take advantage of unutilized or vacant portions of the spectrum by allowing secondary users to sense the spectrum. Spectrum management is a technique that controls interaction between primary (licensed) and secondary (unlicensed) users. It is very important for performance of cognitive radio networks that secondary users must not cause any interference to the primary users. In case of reallocating the frequency channels that has reallocated to secondary users before, it is required for secondary users to access a new frequency channel. This process is described as spectrum handoff. In this work, the process of channel handoff event for secondary users, known as spectrum handoff, in cognitive radio networks are investigated.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cognitive radio, Spectrum handoff, Spectrum management

Kaynakça

• Khattab, A. (2013) Cognitive Radio Networks: From Theory to Practice, New York: Springer Science & Business Media.
• Akyildiz, I. F., Lee, W. Y. and Chowdhury, K. R. (2009) ‘CRAHNS: Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks’, Ad Hoc Networks Journal, vol. 7, no. 5, July, pp. 810-836.
• Zahed, S., Awan, I. and Cullen, A. (2013) ‘Analytical Modeling for Spectrum Handoff Decision in Cognitive Radio Networks’, Simulation Modelling Practice And Theory Journal, vol. 38, November, pp. 98-114.
• Tragos, E. Z., Zeadally, S., Fragkiadakis and A. G. and Siris, V. A. (2013) ‘Spectrum Assignment in Cognitive Radio Networks: A Comprehensive Survey’, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 15, no. 3, July, pp. 1108-1135.
• Ko, G., Franklin, A. A., You, S. J., Pak, J. S., Song, M. S. and Kim C. J. (2010) ‘Channel Management in IEEE 802.22 WRAN Systems’, IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 48, no. 9, September, pp. 88-94.
• Akyildiz, I. F., Lee, W. Y., Vuran, M. C. and Mohanty, S. (2008) ‘A Survey on Spectrum Management in Cognitive Radio Networks’, IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 46, no. 4, April, pp. 40-48.
• Liu, F., Xu, Y., Guo, X., Zhang, W., Zhang, D. and Li, C. (2012) ‘A Spectrum Handoff Strategy based on Channel Reservation for Cognitive Radio Networks’, Conference Proceedings, IEEE International Conference on Intelligent System Design and Engineering Applications, Zhangjiajie, pp. 179 – 182.
• Giupponi, L. and Neira, A. I. P. (2008) ‘Fuzzy based Spectrum Handoff in Cognitive Radio Networks’, Conference Proceedings, IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications, Singapore, pp. 1 – 6.
• Kaur, P., Udin, M. and Khosla, A. (2011) ‘An Efficient Spectrum Mobility Management Strategy in Cognitive Radio Networks’, Conference Proceedings, IEEE UK-India International Workshop on Cognitive Wireless Systems, New Delhi, pp. 1 – 6.
• Potdar, S. M. and Patil, K. P. (2013) ‘Efficient Spectrum Handoff in CR Network based on Mobility, QoS and Priority using Fuzzy Logic and Neural Networks’, Conference Proceedings, IEEE International Conference on Contemporary Computing, Noida, pp. 53 – 58.
• Ahmed, E., Yao, L. J., Shiraz, M., Gani, A. and Ali S. (2013) ‘Fuzzy based Spectrum Handoff and Channel Selection for Cognitive Radio Networks’, Conference Proceedings, IEEE International Conference on Computer, Control, Informatics and its Applications, Jakarta, pp. 23 – 28.
• Konishi, Y., Masuyama, H., Kasahara, S. and Takahashi, Y. (2013) ‘Performance Analysis of Dynamic Spectrum Handoff Scheme with Variable Bandwidth Demand of Secondary Users for Cognitive Radio Networks’, Wireless Networks Journal, vol. 19, no. 5, July, pp. 607-617.
• Han, H., Wu, Q. and Yin, H. (2010) ‘Spectrum Sensing for Real Time Spectrum Handoff in CRNs’, Conference Proceedings, IEEE International Conference on Advanced Computer Theory and Engineering, Chengdu, pp. V1-480 – V1-484.
• Lee, D. J. and Jang, M. S. (2009) ‘Optimal Spectrum Sensing Time considering Spectrum Handoff due to False Alarm in Cognitive Radio Networks’, IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 13, no. 2, December, pp. 899-901.
• Pham, C., Tran, N. H., Do, C. T., Moon, S. and Hong, C. S. (2014) ‘Spectrum Handoff Model based on Hidden Markov Model in Cognitive Radio Networks’, Conference Proceedings, IEEE International Conference on Information Networking, Phuket, pp. 406 – 411.
• Lertsinsrubtavee, A., Malouch, N. and Fdida, S. (2012) ‘Controlling Spectrum Handoff with A Delay Requirement in Cognitive Radio Networks’, Conference Proceedings, IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks, Munich, pp. 1 – 8.
• Yoon, S. U. and Ekici, E. (2010) ‘Voluntary Spectrum Handoff: A Novel Approach to Spectrum Management in Cognitive Radio Networks’, Conference Proceedings, IEEE International Conference on Communications, Cape Town, pp. 1 – 5.
• Zhang, L., Song, T., Wu, M., Guo, J., Sun, D. and Gu, B. (2012) ‘Modeling for Spectrum Handoff based on Secondary Users with Different Priorities in Cognitive Radio Networks’, Conference Proceedings, IEEE International Conference on Wireless Communications & Signal Processing, Huangshan, pp. 1 – 6.
• Lertsinsrubtavee, A., Malouch, N. and Fdida, S. (2011) ‘Spectrum Handoff Strategy using Cumulative Probability in Cognitive Radio Networks’, Conference Proceedings, IEEE International Congress on Ultra Modern Telecommunications and Control Systems and Workshops, Budapest, pp. 1 – 7.
• Wang, S., Cao, F. and Fan, Z. (2013) ‘Periodic Partial Soft Sensing and Spectrum Handoff in Cognitive Relay Networks’, Conference Proceedings, Conference Proceedings, IEEE International Conference on Communications, Budapest, pp. 2683 – 2688.
• Wu, Y., Hu, F., Kumar, S., Guo, M. and Bao, K. (2013) ‘Spectrum Handoffs with Mixed Priority Queueing Model over Cognitive Radio Networks’, Conference Proceedings, IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing, Austin, TX, pp. 1194 – 1197.
• Kim, H. and Shin, K. G. (2008) ‘Efficient Discovery of Spectrum Opportunities with MAC Layer Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks’, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 7, no. 5, May, pp. 533-545.
• Tigang, M. L. and Tong, J. L. (2013) ‘Spectrum Handoff Scheme for Prioritized Multimedia Services in Cognitive Radio Network with Finite Buffer’, Conference Proceedings, IEEE International Conference on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing, Chengdu, pp. 410 – 415.
• Wang, L. C. and Wang, C. W. (2008) ‘Spectrum Handoff for Cognitive Radio Networks: Reactive Sensing or Proactive Sensing’, Conference Proceedings, IEEE International Performance, Computing and Communications Conference, Austin, Texas, pp. 343 – 348.
• Zhou, J., Shen, Y., Shao, S. and Tang, Y. (2012) ‘Optimal Location of the Secondary Base Station for Broadcasting Cognitive Radio Networks with Spectrum Underlay’, Wireless Personal Communications, vol. 75, no. 2, March, pp. 1331-1342.
• Wang, L. C., Wang C. W. and Chang, C. J. (2012) ‘Modeling and Analysis for Spectrum Handoffs in Cognitive Radio Networks’, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 11, no. 9, September, pp. 1499-1513.
• Shiang, H. P. and Schaar, M. V. D. (2008) ‘Queuing based Dynamic Channel Selection for Heterogeneous Multimedia Applications over Cognitive Radio Networks’, IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 10, no. 5, August, pp. 896-909.
• Kannappa, S. M. and Saquib, M. (2010) ‘Performance Analysis of A Cognitive Network with Dynamic Spectrum Assignment to Secondary Users’, Conference Proceedings, IEEE Conference on Communications, Cape Town, pp. 1 – 5.
• Ma, Z. and Wang, H. (2012) ‘Dynamic Spectrum Handoff Scheme based on Queuing Theory in Cognitive Radio Networks’, Conference Proceedings, IEEE International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, Shanghai, pp. 1 – 4.
• Hou, L., Yeung, K. H. and Wong, K. Y. (2013) ‘Modeling and Analysis of Spectrum Handoffs for Real Time Traffic in Cognitive Radio Networks’, Conference Proceedings, International Symposium on Computing and Networking, Matsuyama, pp. 415 – 421.
• Baroudi, U. and Alfadhly, A. (2011) ‘Effects of Mobility and Primary Appearance Probability on Spectrum Handoff’, Conference Proceedings, IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, Yokohama, pp. 1 – 6.
• Ren, C., Yu, H., Ma, C., Liu, J. and Guan, Y. (2013) ‘An Energy Efficient Spectrum Handoff and Access Mechanism for the WBAN System’, Conference Proceedings, IEEE International Workshop on Internet of Things, Xi’an, pp. 125 – 130.
• Li, L., Shen, Y., Li, K. and Lin, K. (2011) ‘TPSH: A Novel Spectrum Handoff Approach Based on Time Estimation in Dynamic Spectrum Networks’, Conference Proceedings, IEEE International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering, Dalian, Liaoning, pp. 345 – 350.
• Lertsinsrubtavee, A., Malouch, N. and Fdida, S. (2014) ‘Hybrid Spectrum Sharing Through Adaptive Spectrum Handoff for Cognitive Radio Networks’, Conference Proceedings, IEEE Networking Conference, Trondheim, pp. 1 – 9.
• Song, Y. and Xie, J. (2011) ‘Performance Analysis of Spectrum Handoff for Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks Without Common Control Channel Under Homogeneous Primary Traffic’ Conference Proceedings, IEEE INFOCOM, Shanghai, pp. 3011 – 3019.
• Trigui, E., Esseghir, M. and Boulahia, L. M. (2013) ‘Cognitive Radio Spectrum Assignment and Handoff Decision’, Conference Proceedings, IEEE International Symposium on Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, London, pp. 2881 – 2886.
• Chengyu, W., Chen, H. and Lingge, J. (2013) ‘Spectrum Handoff Scheme based on Recommended Channel Sensing Sequence’, IEEE China Communications, vol. 10, no. 8, August, pp. 18-26.
• Nguyen, S. D., Pham, T. L. and Kim, D. S. (2013) ‘Dynamic Spectrum Handoff for Industrial Cognitive Wireless Sensor Networks’, Conference Proceedings, IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics, Bochum, pp. 92 – 97.
• Trigui, E., Esseghir, M. and Boulahia, L. M. (2013) ‘Spectrum Handoff Algorithm for Mobile Cognitive Radio Users based on Agents’ Negotiation’, Conference Proceedings, IEEE International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications, Lyon, pp. 750 – 756.
• Duan, J. and Li, Y. (2011) ‘An Optimal Spectrum Handoff Scheme for Cognitive Radio Mobile Ad Hoc Networks’, Advances in Electrical and Computer Engineering Journal, vol. 11, no. 3, August, pp. 11-16.