A Study on the Gamma-ray Attenuation Parameters of Some Commercial Salt Samples

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2, 412 - 423, 01.04.2020

Canel Eke

https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.570480

Cited By: 4

Öz

The purpose of this study is to calculate self-attenuation correction factors, linear (LAC) /mass attenuation coefficients (MAC), half value layers (HVL) and tenth value layers (TVL) of different brands of commercial salt samples using gamma-ray spectrometry equipped with high resolution germanium (HpGe) detector. The gamma-rays emissions of 22Na, 60Co, 133Ba and 137Cs point sources were counted with/without sample. The obtained gamma-ray spectra were analyzed using computer software. Self-attenuation correction factors and gamma-ray attenuation parameters of eleven different brands of commercial salt sample were calculated. The experimental MACs of salt samples were compared with those of NaCl compound utilizing WinXCom software.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Self-attenuation correction factor, gamma-ray attenuation parameter, gamma-ray spectrometry, salt samples

Teşekkür

I would like to thank Dr. Christian SEGEBADE for useful suggestions and comments.

Kaynakça

• D. Millsap and S. Landsberger, "Self-attenuation as a function of gamma ray energy in naturally occurring radioactive material in the oil and gas industry," Appl. Radiat. Isot., vol. 97, pp. 21-23, 2015.
• P. Jodłowski, P. Wachniew and C. Dinh, "Monte Carlo validation of the self-attenuation correction determination with the Cutshall transmission method in 210Pb measurements by gamma-spectrometry," Appl. Radiat. Isot., vol. 87, pp. 387-389, 2014.
• M. Barrera, A. Suarez-Llorens, M. Casas-Ruiz, J. Alonso and J. Vidal, "Theoretical determination of gamma spectrometry systems efficiency based on probability functions. Application to self-attenuation correction factors," Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, vol. 854, pp. 31-39, 2017.
• N. Cutshall, I. Larsen and C. Olsen, "Direct analysis of Pb-210 in sediment samples: a self-absorption corrections," Nucl.Instrum.Methods Phys.Res., vol. 206, no. 309-312, 1983.
• P. Sabyasachi, C. Agarwal, A. Goswami and M. Gathibandhe, "Attenuation correction for the collimated gamma ray assay of cylindrical samples," Appl. Radiat. Isot., vol. 98, pp. 23-28, 2015.
• P. Jodłowski, "A revision factor to the Cutshall self-attenuation correction in 210Pb gamma-spectrometry measurements," Appl. Radiat. Isot., vol. 109, pp. 566-569, 2016.
• S. Landsberger, C. Brabec, B. Canion, J. Hashem, C. Lu, D. Millsap and G. George, "Determination of 226Ra, 228Ra and 210Pb in NORM products from oil and gas exploration: Problems in activity underestimation due to the presence of metals and self-absorption of photons," J. Environ. Radioact., vol. 125, pp. 23-26, 2013.
• M. Bonczyk, B. Michalik and I. Chmielewska, "The self-absorption correction factors for 210Pb concentration in mining waste and influence on environmental radiation risk assessment," Isot. Environ. Healt S., vol. 53, pp. 104-110, 2017.
• N. Tsoulfanidis, Measurement and Dedection of Radiation (Second Edition), United States of America: Taylor&Francis, 1995.
• G. Knoll, Radiation Dedection and Measurement (Third Edition), United States of America: John Wiley&Sons, Inc., 2000.
• G. Gilmore, Practical Gamma-ray Spectrometry (Second Edition), England: John Wiley&Sons, Ltd, 2008.
• S. Ahmed, Physics and engineering of radiation detection, UK: Academic Press Inc. Published by Elsevier, 2007.
• C. Laxman and R. Dayanand, "Attenuation Coefficient of Soil Samples by Gamma ray Energy," Research Journal of Recent Sciences, vol. 1, no. 9, pp. 41-48, 2012.
• L. Chaudhari, "Attenuation coefficient of cane sugar of milk samples using gamma source," Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies, vol. 3, no. 20, pp. 1088-1092, 2015.
• C. Udagani and T. Ramesh, "Detection and quantitative determination of diethylene glycol in ethyl alcohol using gamma- ray spectroscopy," J Food Sci Technol , vol. 52, no. 8, pp. 5311-5316, 2015.
• U. Dindore, S. Rajmane, S. Dongarge and U. Biradar, "Measurement technique of linear and mass attenuation coefficient of naphthalene soluble in ethanol by gamma ray energy at 1.33 M eV," International Journal of Engineering Technology, Management and Applied Sciences, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 88-93, 2016.
• P. Malwadkar and S. Dongarge, "Linear attenuation coefficient of water soluble suger (C6H12O6) at 0.662 MeV gamma energy by varying concentration," International Journal of Engineering Technology Science and Research, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 158-162, 2016.
• C. Udagani, "Dependence of gamma ray attenuation on concentration of manganese (II) chloride solution," International Journal of Scientific&Technology Research, vol. 2, no. 7, pp. 55-59, 2013.
• L. Chaudhari and M. Teli, "Linear attenuation (or absorption) coefficient of gamma radiation for dilute solutions of potassium chloride," Appl. Radiat. Isot., vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 365-367, 1996.
• S. Dongarge, P. Wadkar and M. Teli, "Measurement of linear attenuation coefficients of gamma rays for ammonium sulfat salt by aqueous solution method," International Journal of Physics and Applications, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1-8, 2010.
• L. Gerward, "On the attenuation of X-rays and gamma-rays in dilute solutions," Radiation Physics and Chemistry, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 697-699, 1996.
• M. Dumpala and A. Nageswara Rao, "Mass attenuation coefficients of lead nitrate dilute solutions for 13.5 cm thickness at 1173 and 1333 keV," International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 8266-8271, 2016.
• M. Teli, "On the attenuation of X-rays and γ-rays for aqueous solutions of salts," Radiaiton Physics and Chemistry, vol. 53, pp. 593-595, 1998.
• M. Teli, C. Mahajan and R. Nathuram, "Measurement of mass and linear attenuation coefficients of gamma-rays for various elements through aqueous solution of salts," Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Physics, vol. 39, pp. 816-824, 2001.
• D. Gaikwada, P. Pawar and T. Selvam, "Mass attenuation coefficients and effective atomic numbers of biological compounds for gamma ray interactions," Radiation Physics and Chemistry, vol. 138, pp. 75-80, 2017.
• P. Kore and P. Pawar, "Measurements of mass attenuation coefficient, effective atomic number and electron density of some amino acids," Radiation Physics and Chemistry, vol. 98, pp. 86-91, 2014.
• S. Dongarge and S. Mitkar, "Measurement of linear and mass attenuation coefficient of alcohol soluable compound for gamma-rays at energy 0.36 MeV," Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 3116-3120, 2012.
• S. Mitkar and S. Dongarge, "Measurement of linear and mass attenuation coefficient of alcohol soluble compund for gamma rays at energy 0.511 MeV," Archives of Applied Science Research, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 1748-1752, 2012.
• R. Morabad and B. Kerur, "Mass attenuation coefficients of X-rays in different medicinal plants," Applied Radiation and Isotopes, vol. 68, pp. 271-274, 2010.
• S. Teerthe and B. Kerur, "X-Ray mass attenuationcoefficient of medicinal plant using different energies 32.890 KeV to 13.596 KeV," Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 3, pp. 3925-3929, 2016.
• B. Saritha and A. Nageswara, "A study on photon attenuation coefficients of different wood materials with different densities," Journal of Physics: Conference Seris, vol. 662, p. 012030, 2015.
• K. Satoh, N. Ohashi, H. Higuchi and M. Noguchi, "Determiantion of attenuation coefficient for self-absorption correction in routine gamma ray spectrometry of environmental bulk sample," Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, vol. 84, no. 2, pp. 431-440, 1984.
• V. Trunova, A. Sidorina and V. Kriventsov, "Measurement of X-ray mass attenuation coefficients in biological and geological samples in the energy range of 7-12 keV," Applied Radiation and Isotopes, vol. 95, pp. 48-52, 2015.
• Maestro-32: Multi-channel analyser software, A65-B32 model, Ortec, 2008. [Online]. Available:http://www.ortec-online.com/-/media/ametekortec/manuals/a65-mnl.pdf. [Accessed 01 Feb 2018].
• E. San Miguel, J. Perez-Moreno, J. Bolivar, R. Garcia-Tenorio and J. Martin, "210Pb determination by gamma spectrometry in voluminal samples (cylindrical geometry)," Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, vol. 493, pp. 111-120, 2002.
• Wolfram Research, Inc., Mathematica, Version 8, Champaign, IL, 2010.
• M.T. Teli, L.M. Chaudhari, S.S. Malode, "Attenuation Coefficient of 123 keV γ-radiaiton by dilute solutions of sodium chloride," Applied Radiation and Isotopes, vol.45 (10), pp. 987-990, 1994.
• L. Gerward, "Comments on attenuation coefficient of 123 keV γ-radiation by dilute solutions of sodium chloride," Applied Radiaiton and Isotopes, vol. 47, pp.1149-1150, 1996.
• H. Duggal, A. Bhalla, S. Kumar, J.S. Shani, D. Mehta, "Elemental analysis of condiments, food additives and edible salts using X-ray fluorescence technique," International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, vol.35, no,2, pp.126-133, 2015.
• L. Gerward, N. Guilbert, K.B. Jenden, H. Levring, "WinXCom—a program for calculating X-ray attenuation coefficients, "Radiation Physics and Chemistry, vol.71, pp.653-654, 2004.
• M.E. Medhat, V.P. Singh, "Mass attenuation coefficients of composite materials by Geant4, XCOM and experimental data: comparative study," Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, vol. 169, no. 9, pp. 800-807, 2014.