Seismic Response of Anchorage Elements Used in Curtain Wall Systems

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 4, 564 - 574, 01.08.2020

Ferhat Pakdamar , Özgün Bozkurt

https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.447743

Öz

Utilizing curtain wall systems as outer covering of a building has been enormously increasing for the last years. Past earthquakes have revealed the wrong design of curtain wall systems connections that can seriously endangers human life. In this study, design procedures proposed by different international and national earthquake codes and specifications to compute the forces in the connection of curtain wall systems are summarized. As a real example, a regular 30-storey reinforced concrete building is considered, and a Finite Element Model is created for this structure. A detailed model for the building and the curtain wall systems and their connection anchors are considered. The axial and shear forces in the anchors are computed using the average results of seven sets of time history analyses. The results are compared with the results of building model using spectrum modal combination analyses and the forces in the connection anchors are proposed by different Specifications; Turkish Earthquake Code 2007, Turkish Earthquake Code 2018, Federal Emergency Management Agency, European Standard. As a result, it can be concluded that the seismic forces used for the design of anchors of the curtain wall systems are better estimated by the specification suggested by Turkish Earthquake Code 2007 compared to the detailed model results.

Anahtar Kelimeler

curtain wall systems, seismic performance, facade, non-structural elements, anchorage

Kaynakça

• [1] Naggatz, S.G. and S.F. Sinusas, Water Leakage Testing of Glass and Metal Curtain Walls. Building Walls Subject to Water Intrusion and Accumulation: Lessons from the Past and Recommendations for the Future, 2014. 1549: p. 143-165.
• [2] Hitchcock, P.A., et al., The effects of topography on local wind-induced pressures of a medium-rise building. Wind and Structures, 2010. 13(5): p. 433-449.
• [3] Hossain, M.F., Design and construction of ultra-relativistic collision PV panel and its application into building sector to mitigate total energy demand. Journal of Building Engineering, 2017. 9: p. 147-154.
• [4] Maneetes, H. and A.M. Memari, Development of analytical modeling for an energy-dissipating cladding panel. Structural Engineering and Mechanics, 2009. 32(5): p. 587-608.
• [5] Dhakal, R.P., et al., Seismic performance of non-structural components and contents in buildings: an overview of NZ research. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 2016. 15(1): p. 1-17.
• [6] Baniotopoulos, C.C., T.N. Nikolaidis, and G. Moutsanidis, Optimal structural design of glass curtain-wall systems. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Structures and Buildings, 2016. 169(6): p. 450-457.
• [7] Baird, A., A. Palermo, and S. Pampanin, Facade damage assessment of concrete buildings in the 2011 Christchurch earthquake. Structural Concrete, 2012. 13(1): p. 3-13.
• [8] Lu, W.S., et al., Acceleration demand of the outer-skin curtain wall system of the Shanghai Tower. Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings, 2017. 26(5): p. 14.
• [9] Galli, U., Seismic behaviour of curtain wall facades: a comparison between experimental mock up test and finite element method analysis, in VI Facoltà – Ingegneria Edile-Architettura. 2011, Politecnico Di Milano: Italy.
• [10] Ting, R. Curtain Wall Design Against Story Drift. in Proceedings of the 2004 Structures Congress. 2004. Nashville, Tennessee.
• [11] Gorenc, B. and D. Beg, Curtain wall facade system under lateral actions with regard to limit states. Steel Construction-Design and Research, 2016. 9(1): p. 37-45.
• [12] Caterino, N., et al., Seismic assessment and finite element modelling of glazed curtain walls. Structural Engineering and Mechanics, 2017. 61(1): p. 77-90.
• [13] O'Brien, W.C., A.M. Memari, and M. Eeri, Prediction of seismic cracking capacity of glazing systems. Earthquakes and Structures, 2015. 8(1): p. 101-132.
• [14] Colomban, M., History and technical development of curtain walls. Habitat and the High-Rise, 1995. 903.: p. 381-402.
• [15] Quirouette, R. Glass and Aluminum Curtain Wall Systems. 2017 [cited 2017 01/06/2017]; Available from: https://www.sistemamid.com/panel/uploads/biblioteca/2014-05-25_11-46-10102938.pdf.
• [16] Brenden, K. Dynamic Issues Drive Curtain Wall Design. 2006 [cited 2017 01/06/2017]; Available from: http://www.structuremag.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/C-SD-Curtain-Wall-Aug-061.pdf.
• [17] TDY, Deprem bölgelerinde yapılacak binalar hakkında yönetmelik (Regulation for buildings in seismic areas), M.o.P.W.a. Housing, Editor. 2007, Official Gazette: Turkey.
• [18] TDY, Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği (Turkey Earthquake Building Regulations), M.o.P.W.a. Housing, Editor. 2018, Official Gazette: Turkey.
• [19] Eurocode 8, C., 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance—Part 1: General rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings (EN 1998-1: 2004), in European Committee for Normalization, Brussels. 2004: Europe.
• [20] FEMA, FEMA450, NEHRP Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings and Other Structures Part 1: Provisions, part 2: commentary, in Washington DC: National institute of building sciences, C.B.S. Safety, Editor. 2003: USA.
• [21] NZS 1170.5, Structural Design Actions, Part 5: Earthquake actions–New Zealand. 2004, Standards New Zealand Wellington: New Zealand.
• [22] JASS14, A., Japanese architectural standard specification curtain wall, A.I.o.J. (AIJ), Editor. 1996: Japan.
• [23] Memari, A.M., et al., Development of finite-element modeling approach for lateral load analysis of dry-glazed curtain walls. Journal of architectural engineering, 2011. 17(1): p. 24-33.
• [24] Amadio, C. and C. Bedon, A buckling verification approach for monolithic and laminated glass elements under combined in plane compression and bending (vol 52, pg 220, 2013). Engineering Structures, 2013. 57: p. 393-393.