CdO Filmlerinin Yapısal, Optiksel ve Elektriksel Özellikleri Üzerine Farklı Ga Katkılamasının Etkileri

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1, 140 - 147, 01.04.2019

H. Senem Aydoğu , Gökhan Çabuk M. Burak Çoban

https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufenbed.459950

Cited By: 4

Öz

CdO ve CdO:Ga filmleri ultrasonik sprey piroliz
metodu kullanılarak üretilmiştir. Üretilen filmlerin yapısal, optiksel ve
elektriksel özellikleri sırasıyla, x ışını kırınım deseni (XRD), UV-VIS spektrofotometresi
ve elektriksel ölçümleri ile tanımlanmıştır. XRD desenleri 275 ±
5 °C
sıcaklığında biriktirilen bütün filmlerin yüzey
merkezli kübik polikristal yapıya sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Ga katkılı
filmlerin optik band aralıkları optik metod ile elde edildi ve Ga katkısının
artması ile 2.50 eV’den 2.66 eV’a değiştiği gözlenmiştir. Bunlara ek olarak,
örneklerin özdirençleri, iletkenlikleri ve I – V karakteristikleri dört nokta
prob ve iki nokta prob metodları ile incelendi. Ga’un uygun katkısı ile CdO’nun
elektriksel özelliklerini geliştirdiği açıkça görülmüştür. En iyi iletkenliğin CdO
filmlerinin %4 ve %8 Ga katkısıyla elde edildi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kadmiyum oksit, Galyum katkılama, Ultrasonik sprey piroliz, Optiksel özellikler, Elektriksel özellikler

The Effects of Different Ga Doping on Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of CdO Films

Öz

CdO
and CdO:Ga films were produced using
the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method. The structural, optical and
electrical properties of produced films were defined by
x-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), UV–VIS spectrophotometer and electrical
measurements, respectively. The XRD patterns show that all the
films deposited at 275 ±
5 °C are in
face center cubic polycrystalline structure. The optic band gaps of Ga doped
films were obtained with the optical method and observed to change from 2.50 to
2.66 eV with the increase of Ga doping. Additionally, the resistivity,
conductivity and I–V characteristics of the samples are investigated with four
point and two point probe methods. It is clearly seen that the electrical
properties of CdO have improved with the appropriate Ga doping. The best
conductivity was obtained with 4% and 8% Ga doping of CdO films.  

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cadmium oxide, Gallium doping, Ultrasonic spray pyrolysis, Optical properties, Electrical properties

Kaynakça

• [1] Yıldırım, M.A., Ates, A. 2009. Structural, optical and electrical properties of CdO/Cd(OH)2 thin films grown by the SILAR method. Sensors and Actuators A., 155, 272–277.
• [2] Kumaravel, R., Ramamurthi, K., Krishnakumar, V. 2010. Effect of indium doping in CdO thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis technique. J. Phys. Chem. Solid, 71, 1545–1549.
• [3] Ferro, R., Rodriguez, J. A. 1999. Some physical properties of F-doped CdO thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis, Thin Solid Films, 347, 295–298.
• [4] Ghosh, P.K., Maity, R., Chattopadhyay, K. K. 2004. Electrical and optical properties of highly conducting CdO:F thin film deposited by sol–gel dip coating technique. Sol. Energ. Mater. Sol. Cell., 81, 279–289.
• [5] Deokate, R. J., Pawar, S. M., Moholkar, A. V., Sawant, V. S., Pawar, C. A., Bhosale, C. H., Rajpure, K. Y. 2008. Spray deposition of highly transparent fluorine doped cadmium oxide thin films. Appl. Surf. Sci., 254, 2187–2195.
• [6] Carballeda-Galicia, D. M., Castanedo–Perez, R., Jimenez–Sandoval, O., Jimenez–Sandoval, S., Torre –Delgado, G., Zuniga–Romero, C. I. 2000. High transmittance CdO thin films obtained by the sol-gel method. Thin Solid Films, 371, 105–108.
• [7] Li, X., Gessert, T., DeHart, C., Barnes, T., Moutinho, H., Yan, Y., Young, D., Young, M., Perkins, J., Coutts, T. 2001. A Comparison of Composite Transparent Conducting Oxides Based on the Binary Compounds CdO and SnO2, in NCPV Program Review Meeting, Colorado, ABD, 255–256.
• [8] Velusamy, P., Ramesh Babu, R., Ramamurthi, K., Elangovan, E., Viegas, J., Sridharan M. 2018. Gas sensing and opto-electronic properties of spray deposited cobalt doped CdO thin films, Sensors and Actuators B, 255, 871–883.
• [9] Chaari, M., Ben Belgacem, R., Matoussi, A.. 2017. Impedance analysis, dielectric relaxation and modulus behaviour of ZnO-Sn2O3 ceramics. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 726, 49–56.
• [10] Chang, S. H., Cheng, H–M., Tien, C–L., Lin, S–C., Chuang, K–P. 2014. Optical, electrical and mechanical properties of Ga–doped ZnO thin films under different sputtering powers, Optical Materials 38, 87–91.
• [11] Djessas, K., Bouchama, I., Gauffier, J. L., Ben Ayadi, Z.. 2014. Effects of indium concentration on the properties of In-doped ZnO films: Applications to silicon wafer solar cells, Thin Solid Films. 555, 28–32.
• [12] Gupta, R.K., Ghosh, K., Patel, R., Kahol, P.K.. 2011. Low temperature processed highly conducting, transparent, and wide bandgap Gd doped CdO thin films for transparent electronics. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 509, 4146–4149.
• [13] Gurumurugan, K., Mangalaraj, D., Narayandass, Sa.K. 1995. Structural characterization of cadmium oxide thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis, Journal of Crystal Growth, 147, 355-360.
• [14] Kul, M., Zor, M., Aybek, A.Ş., Irmak, S., Turan, E. 2007. Electrical and optical properties of fluorine-doped CdO films deposited by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis, Sol. Energ. Mater. Sol. Cell., 91(2007), 882 – 887.
• [15] Li, Y., Zhang, T. J., Song, Y. L, Ji, P. F., Zhou, F. Q., Tian, M. L., Wen, N., Yuan, S. Q. 2018. Photoluminescence and electrical properties from CdO/Cd-nanocrystallites on Cd foil, Journal of Luminescence, 203, 396–400.
• [16] Sreekanth, T. V. M., Pandurangan, M., Dillip, G. R., Kim, D. H., Lee, Y. R. 2016. Toxicity and efficacy of CdO nanostructures on the MDCK and Caki-2 cells, Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology, B: Biology, 164, 174–181.
• [17] Balmuri, S. R., Selvaraj, U., Kumar, V. V., Anthony, S. P., Tsatsakis, A. M., Golokhvast, K. S., Raman, T. 2017. Effect of surfactant in mitigating cadmium oxide nanoparticle toxicity: Implications for mitigating cadmium toxicity in environment, Environmental Research, 152, 141–149.
• [18] Dantus, C.¸ Rusu, G.G., Dobromir, M., Rusu, M. 2008. Preparation and characterization of CdO thin films obtained by thermal oxidation of evaporated Cd thin films, Appl. Surf. Sci., 255, 2665–2670.
• [19] Vigil, O., Cruz, F., Morales-Acevedo, A., Contreras–Puente, G., Vaillant, L., Santana, G. 2001. Structural and optical properties of annealed CdO thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis, Mater. Chem. Phys., 68, 249–252.
• [20] Ferro, R., Rodriguez, J.A. 2000. Influence of F-doping on the transmittance and electron affinity of CdO thin films suitable for solar cells, Sol. Energ. Mater. Sol. Cell. 64, 363–370.
• [21] Reddy, R., Shanthini, K. T., Jhonston, G. M. D., Miles, P. W. 2003. Highly transparent and conducting CdO films grown by chemical spray pyrolysis, Thin Solid Films, 427, 397–400.
• [22] Gupta, R. K., Ghosh, K., Patel, R., Kahol, P. K. 2009. Wide band gap Cd0.83Mg0.15 Al0.02O thin films by pulsed laser deposition, Appl. Surf. Sci., 255, 4466–4469.
• [23] Dakhel, A. A. 2008. Influence of hydrogenation on the electrical and optical properties of CdO:Tl thin films, Thin Solid Films, 517, 886–890.
• [24] Yakuphanoğlu, F. 2010. Nanocluster n-CdO thin film by sol–gel for solar cell applications, Appl. Surf. Sci., 257, 1413–1419.
• [25] Dakhel, A. A. 2009. Influence of dysprosium doping on the electrical and optical properties of CdO thin films, Solar Energy, 83, 934–939.
• [26] Askarinejad, A., Morsali, A. 2008. Syntheses and characterization of CdCO3 and CdO nanoparticles by using a sonochemical method, Mater. Lett., 62, 478–482.
• [27] Krishna Kumar, V., Ramamurthi, K., Elangovan, E. 2004. Preparation of (CdO)1-x(PbO)x and (CdS)1-x(PbS)x thin films by spray pyrolysis technique and their characterization, State. Comm., 132, 673–677.
• [28] Dakhel, A. A. 2009. Bandgap narrowing in CdO doped with europium, Opt. Mater., 31, 691–695.
• [29] Dakhel, A. A. 2009. Influence of annealing in nitrogen on the structural, electrical, and optical properties of CdO films doped with samarium, Mater. Chem. Phys., 117, 284–287.
• [30] Ma, D., Ye, Z., Wang, L., Huang, J., Zhao B. 2003. Deposition and characteristics of CdO films with absolutely (200)-preferred orientation, Mater. Lett., 58, 128–131.
• [31] Chang, Q., Chang, C., Zhang, X., Ye, H., Shi, G., Zhang, W., Wang, Y., Xin, X. Q., Song, Y. 2007. Enhanced optical limiting properties in suspensions of CdO nanowires, Optic Comm. 274, 201–205.
• [32] Zheng, B. J., Lian, J. S., Zhao, L., Jiang, Q. 2010. Optical and electrical properties of In-doped CdO thin films fabricated by pulse laser deposition, Appl. Surf. Sci., 256, 2910–2914.
• [33] Salunkhe, R. R., Shinde, V. R., Lokhande, C. D. 2008. Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) sensing properties of nanocrystalline CdO thin films prepared by chemical route: Effect of molarities of precursor solution, Sensors Actuators B, 133, 296–301.
• [34] Zhao, Z., Morel, D. L., Ferekides, C. S. 2002. Electrical and optical properties of tin-doped CdO films deposited by atmospheric metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Thin Solid Films., 413, 203–211.
• [35] Li, X., Yan, Y., Mason, A., Gessert, T.A., Coutts, T. J. 2001. High Mobility CdO Films and Their Dependence on Structure, Electrochem. Solid. State. Lett., 4(9), C66–C68.
• [36] Khan, M. K. R., Rahman, M. A., Shahjahan, M., Rahman, M. M., Hakim, M. A., Saha, D. K., Khan, J. U. 2010. Effect of Al-doping on optical and electrical properties of spray pyrolytic nano-crystalline CdO thin films, Curr. Appl. Phys., 10, 790–796.
• [37] Akyuz, I., Kose, S., Ketenci, E., Bilgin, V., Atay, F. 2011. Optical, structural and surface characterization of ultrasonically sprayed CdO:F films, J. Alloy. Comp., 509, 1947–1952.
• [38] Aksoy, S., Caglar, Y., Ilican, S., Caglar, M. 2009. Effect of heat treatment on physical properties of CdO films deposited by sol–gel method, Int. J. Hydrogen. Energ., 34, 5191–5195.
• [39] Santos–Cruz, J., Torres–Delgado, G., Castanedo–Perez, R., Zuniga–Romero, C. I., Zelaya–Angel, O. 2007. Optical and electrical characterization of fluorine doped cadmium oxide thin films prepared by the sol–gel method, Thin Solid Films, 515, 5381–5385.
• [40] Aydogu, S., Sendil, O., Coban, M. B. 2012. The Optical and Structure Properties of ZnO Thin Films Deposited by Spray Pyrolysis Technique, Chin. J. Phys., 50(1), 89–100.
• [41] Bilgin, V., Kose, S., Atay, F., Akyuz, I. 2005. The effect of substrate temperature on the structural and some physical properties of ultrasonically sprayed CdS films, Mater. Chem. Phys., 94, 103–108.
• [42] Kul, M., Aybek, A. S., Turan, E., Zor, M., Irmak, S. 2007. Sol. Effects of fluorine doping on the structural properties of the CdO films deposited by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis, Energ. Mater. Sol. Cell., 91, 1927–1933.
• [43] Deokate, R. J., Salunkhe, S. V., Agawane, G. L., Pawar, B. S., Pawar, S. M., Rajpure, K. Y., Moholkar, A. V., Kim, J. H. 2010. Structural, optical and electrical properties of chemically sprayed nanosized gallium doped CdO thin films, J. Alloy Comp., 496, 357–363.
• [44] Moholkar, A. V., Agawane, G. L., Sim, Kyu-Ung, Kwon, Ye-bin., Rajpure, K. Y., Kim, J. H. 2010. Influence of deposition temperature on morphological, optical, electrical and opto-electrical properties of highly textured nano-crystalline spray deposited CdO:Ga thin films, Appl. Surf. Sci., 257, 93–101.
• [45] Dakhel, A. A. 2008. Correlated transport and optical phenomena in Ga-doped CdO films, Solar Energy, 82, 513–519.
• [46] Williamson, G. B., Smallman, R. C. 1956. III. Dislocation densities in some annealed and cold-worked metals from measurements on the X-ray debye-scherrer spectrum. Philosophical Magazine, 1, 34–36.
• [47] Ergin, B., Ketenci, E., Atay, F. 2009. Characterization of ZnO films obtained by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 34, 5249–5254.
• [48] Pankove, J.I. 1971. Optical Processes in Semiconductors, in Princeton Press, New Jersey, 1971.
• [49] Mott, N. F., Davis, E. A. 1971. Electronic Processes in Non–Crystalline Materials, Clarendon Press, London, 1971.
• [50] Ilıcan, S., Çağlar, Y., Çağlar, M., Demirci B. 2008. Polycrystalline indium-doped ZnO thin films: preparation and characterization, Journal of Optoelectronics and Advance Materials, 10, 2592–2598.
• [51] Dou, Y., Fishlock, T., Egdell, R. G., Law, D. S. L., Beamson G. 1997. Band-gap shrinkage in n-type-doped CdO probed by photoemission spectroscopy, Phys. Rev. B., 55(20), R13 381–384.