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JAPONYA’DA YEREL YÖNETİMLERİN İDARİ VE MALİ YAPISI ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 4, 1213 - 1237, 30.10.2016

Zuhal Önez Çetin , Neslihan Yılmaz

Öz

Japonya siyasal açıdan anayasal monarşiye dayanmakta olup parlamenter bir hükümet vasıtasıyla yönetilmekte ve devlet, merkezi yönetim ve taşra yönetimi olarak teşkilatlanmaktadır. Modernleşme süreci içerisinde, 1946 yılı öncesinde mahalli idareler Prusya sisteminden etkilenerek düzenlenmiş ve merkezi hükümetin ağır vesayeti altında bırakılmıştır; Anayasanın da yürürlüğe girmesi sonrasında demokratikleşme ve adem-i merkeziyetçilik etkisiyle yerel yönetimler yeniden yapılandırma süreci içerisine girmişlerdir. Çalışma kapsamında ilk amaç Japonya’nın idari ve siyasi yapısının tarihsel perspektif üzerinden incelenmesidir. Bu kapsamda, yerel yönetimlerin tarihsel olarak gelişimi, merkezi yönetim-yerel yönetimler ilişkisi, yerel yönetimlerin sınıflandırılması, örgütsel yapısı, derinlemesine analiz edilecektir. Çalışmanın ikinci amacıysa yerel yönetim birimlerinin mali yapılarının gelir, harcama ve borçlanma kararları çerçevesinde değerlendirilerek mali özerklik anlayışının tespitine ilişkin rakamsal analizlere yer verilmesidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Japonya Yerel Yönetimler Yönetsel Yapı Mali Yapı

Kaynakça

  • AKDEMİR, T. ve SERKAN, B. (2010). “Japonya’da Yerel Yönetimlerin Yapısı ve Finansmanında Yaşanan Gelişmeler”, ZKU Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(11):163-186.
  • ANDERSON, B. (1983). Hayali Cemaatler: Milliyetçiliğin Kökenleri ve Yayılması, (Çev. İskender Savaşır), İstanbul: Metis Yayınları.
  • AOKİ, Ichira, (2008). “Decentralization and Intergovernmental Finance in Japan”, PRI Discussion Paper Series, (No.08A04).
  • BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER (BM)(2006a). Japan Public Administration Country Profile, Division for Public Administration and Development Management (DPADM),Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA), United Nations Publications: 1-20.
  • BM, (2006b). Japan Public Administration Country Profile, Division for Public Administration and Development Management (DPADM), Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA):1-19.
  • CANPOLAT, H. ve HAKTANKAÇMAZ, M. İ. (2007). “Japonya’da Yerel Yönetimler Maliyesi”, Çağdaş Yerel Yönetimler, 16 (2): 67-94.
  • CLAIR (Council of Local Authorities for International Relations) (2004).Local Government in Japan, Outline of Local Autonomy in Japan, CLAIR Publications, pp.1-62.
  • CLAIR (Council of Local Authorities for International Relations) (2010).Local Government in Japan, Outline of Local Autonomy in Japan, CLAIR Publications:1-56.
  • CLAIR, (Council of Local Authorities for International Relations) (2014). Local Government in Japan 2012 (2014 Revised Edition), CLAIR Publications.
  • CLAIR,(Council of Local Authorities for International Relations) (2016). Japan Local Government Centre, Council of Local Authorities For International Relations, London.
  • HAKTANKAÇMAZ, İ. (2006). “Örgütsel Yapı, İşleyiş ve Organlar Bakımından Japonya’da Yerel Yönetimler”, Çağdaş Yerel Yönetimler, 15 (4): 69-86.
  • HIRASHIMA, A. (2004). “Decentralization in Japan”, KEIO-UNU-JFIR Panel Meeting Economic Development and Human Security, February 13-14: 1-16.
  • IKAWA, H. (2005). “Recent Local Financial System Reform (Trinity Reform)”, National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS), UP-to DATE Documents on Local Autonomy in Japan, No.2: 1-23.
  • IKAWA, H. (2008). “15 Years of Decentralization Reform in Japan”, Up-to-date Documents on Local Autonomy in Japan No.4: 1-29.
  • JAIN, P. (2000). “Japan’s Local Governance at the Cross Roads: Third Wave of Reform”, Pacific Economic Paper, No. 306, Australia-Japan Research Centre: 1-20.
  • JAPONYA DIŞIŞLERI BAKANLIĞI (1972). Japan in Transition: One Hundred Years of Modernization, Japonya Dışişleri Bakanlığı Yayınları.
  • KELEŞ, R. (1984). “Japonya’da Yerel Yönetimler”, Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 17 (3): 101-122.
  • MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS AND COMMUNICATIONS (MIC) (2009).Local Autonomy in Japan, Current Situation and Future Shape:1-20.
  • MOCHIDA, N. (2006). “Local Government Organization and Finance”, Anwar Shah (Ed.), Local Governance in Industrial Countries, The World Bank, Washington D.C: 149-188.
  • M.O.F. (Ministry of Finance) (2014). Japanese Public Finance Fact Sheet.
  • M.O.F. (Ministry of Finance), (2007). Basic Idea for Fundamental Reform of Tax System Tax Commission.
  • MURAMATSU, M. (2001). “Intergovernmental Relations in Japan: Models and Perspectives”, World Bank Institute Working Paper, Volume: 1., Stock No.37178, The World Bank, Washington D.C: 1-21.
  • NAKAMURA, E. (2013). “Governance Reform in Japanese Local Governments”, Paper prepared for the Canadian Political Science Association 2013 Victoria, B.C:1-29.
  • NİİKAWA, T. (2001).The Decentralization Reform and the Local Government System in Japan, The Globalization and Governance Project, Hokkaido University Working Paper
  • Series. Paper for the Workshop Local Governance in a Global Era –In Search of Concrete Visions for a Multi-Level Governance, 7-8 December 2001: 1-21.
  • NORTON, A. (1994). International Handbook of Local and Regional Government: A Comparative Analysis of Advanced Democracies, England: Edward Elgar Publication.
  • ÖZ, E. ve VURAL. T, (2005). “Ekonomisi ve Vergi Sistemiyle Japonya”, Maliye Dergisi, (149).
  • PASCHA, W., ROBASCHIK, F. (2001). “The Role of Japanese Local Governments in Stabilisation Policy”, Second International Convention of Asia Scholars, Berlin.
  • ROBSON, W. A. (1933). “Local Government”, (Ed.: Edwin R. A. Seligman and Alvin Johnson), Encyclopedia of The Social Sciences, Volume: 9, The Macmillan Company, New York.
  • SATO, K. (2001). Overview of Central-Local Relationships in Japan-What was changed and What is challenged. The Globalization and Governance Project, Hokkaido University Working Paper Series. Paper for the Workshop Local Governance in a Global Era-In Search of Concrete Visions for a Multi-Level Governance, 7-8 December 2001:1-6.
  • TABE, Y. (2005). Introduction to Local Government in Japan Today, Japan International Corporation Agency-JICA.
  • TANAKA, H. (2010). “Administrative Reform in Japanese Local Governments”. Papers on the Local Governance System and its Implementation in Selected Fields in Japan No.18: 1-34.
  • TANAKA, Y. (2011).“Local Bonds in Japan”, Papers on the Local Governance System and its Implementation in Selected Fields in Japan, No.19: 1-42.
  • UDA, N. (2015). “Japan: Fiscal Discipline of Local Governments”, Fiscal Policy for Long-Term Growth and Sustainability in Aging Societies.
  • ULUSOY, A. ve AKDEMİR, T. (2005). Mahalli İdareler, Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • UNPAN (United Nations Public Administration Network) (2006). Japan: Public Administration Country Profile, UN:1-19.

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 4, 1213 - 1237, 30.10.2016

Zuhal Önez Çetin , Neslihan Yılmaz

Öz

Kaynakça

  • AKDEMİR, T. ve SERKAN, B. (2010). “Japonya’da Yerel Yönetimlerin Yapısı ve Finansmanında Yaşanan Gelişmeler”, ZKU Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(11):163-186.
  • ANDERSON, B. (1983). Hayali Cemaatler: Milliyetçiliğin Kökenleri ve Yayılması, (Çev. İskender Savaşır), İstanbul: Metis Yayınları.
  • AOKİ, Ichira, (2008). “Decentralization and Intergovernmental Finance in Japan”, PRI Discussion Paper Series, (No.08A04).
  • BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER (BM)(2006a). Japan Public Administration Country Profile, Division for Public Administration and Development Management (DPADM),Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA), United Nations Publications: 1-20.
  • BM, (2006b). Japan Public Administration Country Profile, Division for Public Administration and Development Management (DPADM), Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA):1-19.
  • CANPOLAT, H. ve HAKTANKAÇMAZ, M. İ. (2007). “Japonya’da Yerel Yönetimler Maliyesi”, Çağdaş Yerel Yönetimler, 16 (2): 67-94.
  • CLAIR (Council of Local Authorities for International Relations) (2004).Local Government in Japan, Outline of Local Autonomy in Japan, CLAIR Publications, pp.1-62.
  • CLAIR (Council of Local Authorities for International Relations) (2010).Local Government in Japan, Outline of Local Autonomy in Japan, CLAIR Publications:1-56.
  • CLAIR, (Council of Local Authorities for International Relations) (2014). Local Government in Japan 2012 (2014 Revised Edition), CLAIR Publications.
  • CLAIR,(Council of Local Authorities for International Relations) (2016). Japan Local Government Centre, Council of Local Authorities For International Relations, London.
  • HAKTANKAÇMAZ, İ. (2006). “Örgütsel Yapı, İşleyiş ve Organlar Bakımından Japonya’da Yerel Yönetimler”, Çağdaş Yerel Yönetimler, 15 (4): 69-86.
  • HIRASHIMA, A. (2004). “Decentralization in Japan”, KEIO-UNU-JFIR Panel Meeting Economic Development and Human Security, February 13-14: 1-16.
  • IKAWA, H. (2005). “Recent Local Financial System Reform (Trinity Reform)”, National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS), UP-to DATE Documents on Local Autonomy in Japan, No.2: 1-23.
  • IKAWA, H. (2008). “15 Years of Decentralization Reform in Japan”, Up-to-date Documents on Local Autonomy in Japan No.4: 1-29.
  • JAIN, P. (2000). “Japan’s Local Governance at the Cross Roads: Third Wave of Reform”, Pacific Economic Paper, No. 306, Australia-Japan Research Centre: 1-20.
  • JAPONYA DIŞIŞLERI BAKANLIĞI (1972). Japan in Transition: One Hundred Years of Modernization, Japonya Dışişleri Bakanlığı Yayınları.
  • KELEŞ, R. (1984). “Japonya’da Yerel Yönetimler”, Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 17 (3): 101-122.
  • MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS AND COMMUNICATIONS (MIC) (2009).Local Autonomy in Japan, Current Situation and Future Shape:1-20.
  • MOCHIDA, N. (2006). “Local Government Organization and Finance”, Anwar Shah (Ed.), Local Governance in Industrial Countries, The World Bank, Washington D.C: 149-188.
  • M.O.F. (Ministry of Finance) (2014). Japanese Public Finance Fact Sheet.
  • M.O.F. (Ministry of Finance), (2007). Basic Idea for Fundamental Reform of Tax System Tax Commission.
  • MURAMATSU, M. (2001). “Intergovernmental Relations in Japan: Models and Perspectives”, World Bank Institute Working Paper, Volume: 1., Stock No.37178, The World Bank, Washington D.C: 1-21.
  • NAKAMURA, E. (2013). “Governance Reform in Japanese Local Governments”, Paper prepared for the Canadian Political Science Association 2013 Victoria, B.C:1-29.
  • NİİKAWA, T. (2001).The Decentralization Reform and the Local Government System in Japan, The Globalization and Governance Project, Hokkaido University Working Paper
  • Series. Paper for the Workshop Local Governance in a Global Era –In Search of Concrete Visions for a Multi-Level Governance, 7-8 December 2001: 1-21.
  • NORTON, A. (1994). International Handbook of Local and Regional Government: A Comparative Analysis of Advanced Democracies, England: Edward Elgar Publication.
  • ÖZ, E. ve VURAL. T, (2005). “Ekonomisi ve Vergi Sistemiyle Japonya”, Maliye Dergisi, (149).
  • PASCHA, W., ROBASCHIK, F. (2001). “The Role of Japanese Local Governments in Stabilisation Policy”, Second International Convention of Asia Scholars, Berlin.
  • ROBSON, W. A. (1933). “Local Government”, (Ed.: Edwin R. A. Seligman and Alvin Johnson), Encyclopedia of The Social Sciences, Volume: 9, The Macmillan Company, New York.
  • SATO, K. (2001). Overview of Central-Local Relationships in Japan-What was changed and What is challenged. The Globalization and Governance Project, Hokkaido University Working Paper Series. Paper for the Workshop Local Governance in a Global Era-In Search of Concrete Visions for a Multi-Level Governance, 7-8 December 2001:1-6.
  • TABE, Y. (2005). Introduction to Local Government in Japan Today, Japan International Corporation Agency-JICA.
  • TANAKA, H. (2010). “Administrative Reform in Japanese Local Governments”. Papers on the Local Governance System and its Implementation in Selected Fields in Japan No.18: 1-34.
  • TANAKA, Y. (2011).“Local Bonds in Japan”, Papers on the Local Governance System and its Implementation in Selected Fields in Japan, No.19: 1-42.
  • UDA, N. (2015). “Japan: Fiscal Discipline of Local Governments”, Fiscal Policy for Long-Term Growth and Sustainability in Aging Societies.
  • ULUSOY, A. ve AKDEMİR, T. (2005). Mahalli İdareler, Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • UNPAN (United Nations Public Administration Network) (2006). Japan: Public Administration Country Profile, UN:1-19.
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Zuhal Önez Çetin

Neslihan Yılmaz

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Ekim 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 21 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Önez Çetin, Z., & Yılmaz, N. (2016). JAPONYA’DA YEREL YÖNETİMLERİN İDARİ VE MALİ YAPISI ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(4), 1213-1237.
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