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POPULATION GROWTH AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN DEVELOPED-DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: AN IV(2SLS) APPROACH

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 4, 1255 - 1277, 30.10.2017

Taner Güney

Öz

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of population growth on sustainable development. The population growth rate has a negative effect on sustainable development according to the estimates (Generalized Least Squares and instrumental variable) obtained with data from 146 countries covering 1990-2012 period. Accordingly, the increase in the population growth rate reduces the level of sustainable development. The population growth rate of 0-14 years has a negative effect on sustainable development, while the 15-64 years population growth rate and the population growth rate above 65 years have no significant effect on sustainable development. On the other hand, the impact of population growth on sustainable development varies according to the level of development of the countries. Population growth rate in developing countries affects sustainable development negatively, population growth rate in developed countries affects sustainable development positively.
Keywords: Population Growth,

Anahtar Kelimeler

Population Growth Sustainable Development Panel Data

Kaynakça

  • ADAMO, S., and Izazola, H. 2010. "Human migration and the environment". Population and Environment 32(2–3): 105–108.
  • AIDT, T. S. 2009. "Corruption, institutions, and economic development". Oxford Review of Economic Policy 25(2): 271–291.
  • AIDT, T. S. 2010. Corruption and sustainable development. CWPE 1061. Cambridge: Faculty of Economics and Jesus College, University of Cambridge.
  • ALESINA, A., W. Easterly, A. Devleeschauwer, S. Kurlat, and R. Wacziarg. 2003. "Fractionalization". Journal of Economic Growth 8: 155– 194.
  • ARROW, K., P. Dasgupta, L. Goulder, G. Daily, P. Ehrlich, G. Heal, S. Levin, K.-G. Mäler, S. Schneider, D. Starrett, and B. Walker. 2004. "Are we consuming too much?". Journal of Economic Perspectives 18(3): 147– 172.
  • BARNETT, H. J., and C. Morse. 1963. Scarcity and Growth: The Economics Of Natural Resource Availability. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press.
  • BARRO, R. J., and G.S. Becker. 1989. "Fertility choice in a model of economic growth". Econometrica 57: 481–501.
  • BECKER, G. S., and R. J. Barro. 1988. "A reformulation of the economic theory of fertility". Quarterly Journal of Economics 108: 1–25.
  • BLOOM, D.E., D. Canning, and J. Sevilla. 2003. The Demographic Dividend: A New Perspective On The Economic Consequences Of Population Change. Rand, Santa Monica, CA, MR-1274.
  • BOSERUP, E. 1965. The Conditions Of Agricultural Growth: The Economics Of Agrarian Change Under Population Pressure. Chicago: Aldine.
  • BOSERUP, E. 1989. Population And Technical Change: A Study Of Long- Term Trends. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • CARBONNİER, G., N. Wagner, and F. Brugger. 2011. Oil, Gas And Minerals: The Impact Of Resource-Dependence And Governance On Sustainable Development. CCDP Working Paper, Geneva.
  • DAILY, G.C., and P.R. Ehrlich. 1992. "Population, sustainability, and earth’s carrying capacity". Bioscience 42(10): 761-771.
  • DASGUPTA, P. 2010. "Nature's role in sustaining economic development". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 365(1537): 5-11.
  • DIETZ, T., E. A. Rosa, and R. York. 2007. "Driving the human ecological footprint". Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 5: 13–18.
  • DYSON, T. 2005. "On development, demography and climate change: The end of the world as we know it?". Population and Environment 27(2): 117-149.
  • EHRLICH, P. 1968. The Population Bomb. New York: Ballatine.
  • EHRLICH, P., and J. Holdren. 1971. "Impact of population growth". Science 171: 1212–1217.
  • FAO. 2008. Hunger On The Rise: Soaring Prices Add 75 Million People To Global Hunger Rolls. Rome: Briefing Paper.
  • FAO. 2010a. Fao At Work 2009-2010: Growing Food For Nine Billion. Rome.
  • FAO. 2010b. Food Comes First: Fao And The Eight Millennium Development Goals. Rome.
  • FAO. 2009. How To Feed The World in 2050. Issue brief prepared for the high-level expert forum on food security, 12-23 October 2009, Rome.
  • FEARNSIDE, P. M. 1986. Human Carrying Capacity Of The Brazilian Rainforest. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • GALOR, O., and D. N. Weil. 2000. "Population, technology, and growth: From Malthusian stagnation to the demographic transition and beyond". American Economic Review 90(4): 806-828.
  • GLAESER, E.L., R. La Porta, F. Lopez-de-Silane, and A. Shleifer. 2004. "Do institutions cause growth?". Journal of Economic Growth 9: 271- 303.
  • GODFRAY, H. C., J. John, R. Beddington, I. R. Crute, L. Haddad, D. Lawrence, J. F. Muir, J. Pretty, S. Robinson, and C. Toulmin. 2010. "Food security: Feding the world in 2050". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Biological Sciences 365(1554): 2765-3097.
  • GUPTA, S., H. R. Davoodi, and R. Alonso-Terme. 2002. "Does corruption affect ıncome ınequality and poverty?". Economics of Governance 3(1): 23-45.
  • GUPTA, D. P., J. Bongaarts, and J. Cleland. 2011. Population, Poverty, And Sustainable Development. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 5719.
  • GÜNEY, T. 2015a. "Environmental sustainability and pressure groups". Quality & Quantity 49(6): 2331–2344.
  • GÜNEY, T. 2015b. "Yönetişim ve sürdürülebilir kalkınma: OECD ülkeleri üzerine bir panel veri analizi". Ataturk University Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences 29(2): 349-363.
  • GÜNEY, T. 2016. "AB üyesi ülkelerde yönetişimin sürdürülebilir kalkınma üzerindeki etkisi: Panel veri analizi". Suleyman Demirel University Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences 21(1): 193-205.
  • GÜNEY, T. 2017. "Governance and sustainable development: How effective is governance?". The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development 26(3): 316-335.
  • HAMILTON, K., and G. Atkinson. 2006. Wealth, Welfare And Sustainability: Advances in Measuring Sustainable Development. Cheltenham,UK and Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar.
  • HALL, R., and C. I. Jones. 1999. "Why do some countries produce so much more output per worker than others?". Quarterly Journal of Economics 114(1): 83-116.
  • HARDIN, G. 1968. "The tragedy of the commons". Science 152: 1243–1248.
  • HERRMANN, M. 2012. "Factoring population Dynamics into sustainable development". In OECD, Development Co-operation Report 2012: Lessons in Linking Sustainability and Development, OECD Publishing.
  • HNP. 2016, Population Growth Estimates and Projections, http://databank. worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?sourc e=Health-Nutrition-and-Population- Statistics:-Population -estimates-and- projections, 17.06.2016.
  • HSIAO, C. 2003. Analysis Of Panel Data, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • HUMMEL, D., S. Adamo, A. de Sherbinin, L. Murphy, R. Aggarwal, L. Zulu, J. Liu, and K. Knight. 2013. "Inter- and transdisciplinary approaches to population– environment research for sustainability aims: A review and appraisal". Population and Environment 34: 481-509.
  • ICPD. 1994. Programme of Action. Report of the International Conference on Population and Development, September, UNFPA, Cairo, Egypt.
  • IFPRI. 2010. Food Security, Farming, And Climate Change To 2050: Scenarios, Results, Policy Options. Washington, DC.
  • ILO. 2011. Growth, Employment And Decent Work in The Least Developed Countries, Report Of The International Labour Office For The Fourth Conference On The Least Developed Countries. (Istanbul, 9-13 May 2011), Geneva. ILO. 2012. Global Employment Trends 2012: Preventing A Deeper Jobs Crisis. Geneva: ILO.
  • IPCC. 2000. The Special Report On Emissions Scenarios (SRES), Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
  • JIANG L, and K. Hardee. 2011. "How do recent population trends matter to climate change?". Population Research and Policy Review 30(2): 287-312.
  • JONES, C.I. 1999. Was An Industrial Revolution Inevitable? Economic Growth Over The Very Long Run. NBER Working Paper No.7375.
  • KAYA, Y. 1990. Impacts Of Carbon Dioxide Emission Control On Gnp Growth: Interpretation Of Proposed Scenarios. Paper presented to the IPCC Energy and Industry Subgroup, response Strategies Working Group, Paris.
  • KUZNETS, S. 1960. "Population Change And Aggregate Output". In Universities-National Bureau Committee for Economic Research, Demographic and Economic Changes in Developed Countries. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • KUZNETS, S. 1967. "Population and economic growth". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 111: 170–193.
  • LACZKO, F., and C. Aghazarm. 2009. Migration, Environment And Climate Change: Assessing The Evidence. Geneva: International Organization for Migration.
  • LA Porta, R., F. L. de-Salines, A. Shleifer, and R. W. Vishny. 1997. "Legal determinants of external finance". Journal of Finance 52(3): 1131-1150.
  • LA Porta, R., F. L. de-Salines, A. Shleifer, and R. W. Vishny. 1998 "Law and finance". Journal of Political Economy 106(6): 1113-1155.
  • LA Porta, R., F. L. de-Salines, A. Shleifer, and R. W. Vishny. 1999. "The quality of government". Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 15(1): 222-279.
  • LEFIN, A.-L. 2009. "Food consumption and sustainable development: An introduction”. Accessed 02 June 2016. http://consentsus- project.pbworks.com/f/SustFoodCons_ patterns.Pdf.
  • LIDDLE, B. 2014. "Impact of population, age structure, and urbanization on carbon emissions/energy consumption: Evidence from macro-level, cross- country analyses". Population and Environment 35: 286–304.
  • MALTHUS, T., ed. 1976. An Essay on the Principle of Population. New York: Norton.
  • MAURO, P. 1995. "Corruption and growth". Quarterly Journal of Economics 110: 681-712.
  • MCNICOLL, G. 1984. "Consequences of rapid population growth: Overview and assessment". Population and Development Review 10(2): 177-240.
  • MEADOWS, D. H., D. L. Meadows, J. Randers, and W. W. Behrens III. 1972. The Limits To Growth. New York: Universe Books.
  • MEON, P.G., and K. Sekkat. 2005. "Does corruption grease or sand: the wheels of growth?". Public Choice 122: 69–97.
  • MEYERSON, F. A. B. 1998. "Population, development and global warming: Averting the tragedy of the climate commons". Population and Environment 19: 443–463.
  • NAKICENOVIC, N., Fisher, B., Alfsen, K., Corfee Morlot, J., de la Chesnaye, F., Hourcade, J.-C., Jiang, K. et.al. 2007. Issues Related To Mitigation in The Long-Term Context. In Climate Change 2007: Mitigation Of Climate Change. Contribution Of working Group III To The Fourth Assessment Report Of The Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change, edited by B. Meta, O. Davidson, P. Bosch, R.Dave, and L. Meyer, 169-250. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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  • O’NEILL, B. C., M. Dalton, R. Fuchs, L. Jiang, S. Pachauri, and K. Zigova. 2010. "Global demographic trends and future carbon emissions". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107(41): 17521-6.
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GELİŞMİŞ-GELİŞMEKTE OLAN ÜLKELERDE NÜFUS ARTIŞI VE SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR KALKINMA: BİR IV(2SLS) YAKLAŞIMI

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 4, 1255 - 1277, 30.10.2017

Taner Güney

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı nüfus artışının sürdürülebilir kalkınma üzerindeki etkisini analiz etmektir. 1990- 2012 dönemini kapsayan 146 ülke verisi yardımıyla elde edilen tahmin (Genelleştirilmiş En Küçük Kareler ve araç değişken) sonuçlarına göre nüfus artış oranı sürdürülebilir kalkınma üzerinde negatif yönlü bir etkiye sahiptir. Buna göre nüfus artış oranının yükselmesi sürdürülebilir kalkınma düzeyini azaltmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, 0-14 yaş nüfus artış oranı sürdürülebilir kalkınma üzerinde negatif yönlü etkiye sahipken, 15-64 yaş nüfus artış oranı ve 65 yaş üstü nüfus artış oranı sürdürülebilir kalkınma üzerinde, anlamlı herhangi bir etkiye sahip değildir. Diğer yandan nüfus artışının sürdürülebilir kalkınma üzerindeki etkisi, ülkelerin gelişmişlik düzeyine göre farklılık göstermektedir. Gelişmekte olan ülkelerdeki nüfus artış oranı sürdürülebilir kalkınmayı negatif yönlü, gelişmiş ülkelerdeki nüfus artış oranı sürdürülebilir kalkınmayı pozitif yönlü etkilemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nüfus Artışı Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Panel Veri

Kaynakça

  • ADAMO, S., and Izazola, H. 2010. "Human migration and the environment". Population and Environment 32(2–3): 105–108.
  • AIDT, T. S. 2009. "Corruption, institutions, and economic development". Oxford Review of Economic Policy 25(2): 271–291.
  • AIDT, T. S. 2010. Corruption and sustainable development. CWPE 1061. Cambridge: Faculty of Economics and Jesus College, University of Cambridge.
  • ALESINA, A., W. Easterly, A. Devleeschauwer, S. Kurlat, and R. Wacziarg. 2003. "Fractionalization". Journal of Economic Growth 8: 155– 194.
  • ARROW, K., P. Dasgupta, L. Goulder, G. Daily, P. Ehrlich, G. Heal, S. Levin, K.-G. Mäler, S. Schneider, D. Starrett, and B. Walker. 2004. "Are we consuming too much?". Journal of Economic Perspectives 18(3): 147– 172.
  • BARNETT, H. J., and C. Morse. 1963. Scarcity and Growth: The Economics Of Natural Resource Availability. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press.
  • BARRO, R. J., and G.S. Becker. 1989. "Fertility choice in a model of economic growth". Econometrica 57: 481–501.
  • BECKER, G. S., and R. J. Barro. 1988. "A reformulation of the economic theory of fertility". Quarterly Journal of Economics 108: 1–25.
  • BLOOM, D.E., D. Canning, and J. Sevilla. 2003. The Demographic Dividend: A New Perspective On The Economic Consequences Of Population Change. Rand, Santa Monica, CA, MR-1274.
  • BOSERUP, E. 1965. The Conditions Of Agricultural Growth: The Economics Of Agrarian Change Under Population Pressure. Chicago: Aldine.
  • BOSERUP, E. 1989. Population And Technical Change: A Study Of Long- Term Trends. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • CARBONNİER, G., N. Wagner, and F. Brugger. 2011. Oil, Gas And Minerals: The Impact Of Resource-Dependence And Governance On Sustainable Development. CCDP Working Paper, Geneva.
  • DAILY, G.C., and P.R. Ehrlich. 1992. "Population, sustainability, and earth’s carrying capacity". Bioscience 42(10): 761-771.
  • DASGUPTA, P. 2010. "Nature's role in sustaining economic development". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 365(1537): 5-11.
  • DIETZ, T., E. A. Rosa, and R. York. 2007. "Driving the human ecological footprint". Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 5: 13–18.
  • DYSON, T. 2005. "On development, demography and climate change: The end of the world as we know it?". Population and Environment 27(2): 117-149.
  • EHRLICH, P. 1968. The Population Bomb. New York: Ballatine.
  • EHRLICH, P., and J. Holdren. 1971. "Impact of population growth". Science 171: 1212–1217.
  • FAO. 2008. Hunger On The Rise: Soaring Prices Add 75 Million People To Global Hunger Rolls. Rome: Briefing Paper.
  • FAO. 2010a. Fao At Work 2009-2010: Growing Food For Nine Billion. Rome.
  • FAO. 2010b. Food Comes First: Fao And The Eight Millennium Development Goals. Rome.
  • FAO. 2009. How To Feed The World in 2050. Issue brief prepared for the high-level expert forum on food security, 12-23 October 2009, Rome.
  • FEARNSIDE, P. M. 1986. Human Carrying Capacity Of The Brazilian Rainforest. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • GALOR, O., and D. N. Weil. 2000. "Population, technology, and growth: From Malthusian stagnation to the demographic transition and beyond". American Economic Review 90(4): 806-828.
  • GLAESER, E.L., R. La Porta, F. Lopez-de-Silane, and A. Shleifer. 2004. "Do institutions cause growth?". Journal of Economic Growth 9: 271- 303.
  • GODFRAY, H. C., J. John, R. Beddington, I. R. Crute, L. Haddad, D. Lawrence, J. F. Muir, J. Pretty, S. Robinson, and C. Toulmin. 2010. "Food security: Feding the world in 2050". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Biological Sciences 365(1554): 2765-3097.
  • GUPTA, S., H. R. Davoodi, and R. Alonso-Terme. 2002. "Does corruption affect ıncome ınequality and poverty?". Economics of Governance 3(1): 23-45.
  • GUPTA, D. P., J. Bongaarts, and J. Cleland. 2011. Population, Poverty, And Sustainable Development. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 5719.
  • GÜNEY, T. 2015a. "Environmental sustainability and pressure groups". Quality & Quantity 49(6): 2331–2344.
  • GÜNEY, T. 2015b. "Yönetişim ve sürdürülebilir kalkınma: OECD ülkeleri üzerine bir panel veri analizi". Ataturk University Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences 29(2): 349-363.
  • GÜNEY, T. 2016. "AB üyesi ülkelerde yönetişimin sürdürülebilir kalkınma üzerindeki etkisi: Panel veri analizi". Suleyman Demirel University Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences 21(1): 193-205.
  • GÜNEY, T. 2017. "Governance and sustainable development: How effective is governance?". The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development 26(3): 316-335.
  • HAMILTON, K., and G. Atkinson. 2006. Wealth, Welfare And Sustainability: Advances in Measuring Sustainable Development. Cheltenham,UK and Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar.
  • HALL, R., and C. I. Jones. 1999. "Why do some countries produce so much more output per worker than others?". Quarterly Journal of Economics 114(1): 83-116.
  • HARDIN, G. 1968. "The tragedy of the commons". Science 152: 1243–1248.
  • HERRMANN, M. 2012. "Factoring population Dynamics into sustainable development". In OECD, Development Co-operation Report 2012: Lessons in Linking Sustainability and Development, OECD Publishing.
  • HNP. 2016, Population Growth Estimates and Projections, http://databank. worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?sourc e=Health-Nutrition-and-Population- Statistics:-Population -estimates-and- projections, 17.06.2016.
  • HSIAO, C. 2003. Analysis Of Panel Data, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • HUMMEL, D., S. Adamo, A. de Sherbinin, L. Murphy, R. Aggarwal, L. Zulu, J. Liu, and K. Knight. 2013. "Inter- and transdisciplinary approaches to population– environment research for sustainability aims: A review and appraisal". Population and Environment 34: 481-509.
  • ICPD. 1994. Programme of Action. Report of the International Conference on Population and Development, September, UNFPA, Cairo, Egypt.
  • IFPRI. 2010. Food Security, Farming, And Climate Change To 2050: Scenarios, Results, Policy Options. Washington, DC.
  • ILO. 2011. Growth, Employment And Decent Work in The Least Developed Countries, Report Of The International Labour Office For The Fourth Conference On The Least Developed Countries. (Istanbul, 9-13 May 2011), Geneva. ILO. 2012. Global Employment Trends 2012: Preventing A Deeper Jobs Crisis. Geneva: ILO.
  • IPCC. 2000. The Special Report On Emissions Scenarios (SRES), Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
  • JIANG L, and K. Hardee. 2011. "How do recent population trends matter to climate change?". Population Research and Policy Review 30(2): 287-312.
  • JONES, C.I. 1999. Was An Industrial Revolution Inevitable? Economic Growth Over The Very Long Run. NBER Working Paper No.7375.
  • KAYA, Y. 1990. Impacts Of Carbon Dioxide Emission Control On Gnp Growth: Interpretation Of Proposed Scenarios. Paper presented to the IPCC Energy and Industry Subgroup, response Strategies Working Group, Paris.
  • KUZNETS, S. 1960. "Population Change And Aggregate Output". In Universities-National Bureau Committee for Economic Research, Demographic and Economic Changes in Developed Countries. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • KUZNETS, S. 1967. "Population and economic growth". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 111: 170–193.
  • LACZKO, F., and C. Aghazarm. 2009. Migration, Environment And Climate Change: Assessing The Evidence. Geneva: International Organization for Migration.
  • LA Porta, R., F. L. de-Salines, A. Shleifer, and R. W. Vishny. 1997. "Legal determinants of external finance". Journal of Finance 52(3): 1131-1150.
  • LA Porta, R., F. L. de-Salines, A. Shleifer, and R. W. Vishny. 1998 "Law and finance". Journal of Political Economy 106(6): 1113-1155.
  • LA Porta, R., F. L. de-Salines, A. Shleifer, and R. W. Vishny. 1999. "The quality of government". Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 15(1): 222-279.
  • LEFIN, A.-L. 2009. "Food consumption and sustainable development: An introduction”. Accessed 02 June 2016. http://consentsus- project.pbworks.com/f/SustFoodCons_ patterns.Pdf.
  • LIDDLE, B. 2014. "Impact of population, age structure, and urbanization on carbon emissions/energy consumption: Evidence from macro-level, cross- country analyses". Population and Environment 35: 286–304.
  • MALTHUS, T., ed. 1976. An Essay on the Principle of Population. New York: Norton.
  • MAURO, P. 1995. "Corruption and growth". Quarterly Journal of Economics 110: 681-712.
  • MCNICOLL, G. 1984. "Consequences of rapid population growth: Overview and assessment". Population and Development Review 10(2): 177-240.
  • MEADOWS, D. H., D. L. Meadows, J. Randers, and W. W. Behrens III. 1972. The Limits To Growth. New York: Universe Books.
  • MEON, P.G., and K. Sekkat. 2005. "Does corruption grease or sand: the wheels of growth?". Public Choice 122: 69–97.
  • MEYERSON, F. A. B. 1998. "Population, development and global warming: Averting the tragedy of the climate commons". Population and Environment 19: 443–463.
  • NAKICENOVIC, N., Fisher, B., Alfsen, K., Corfee Morlot, J., de la Chesnaye, F., Hourcade, J.-C., Jiang, K. et.al. 2007. Issues Related To Mitigation in The Long-Term Context. In Climate Change 2007: Mitigation Of Climate Change. Contribution Of working Group III To The Fourth Assessment Report Of The Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change, edited by B. Meta, O. Davidson, P. Bosch, R.Dave, and L. Meyer, 169-250. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • KEYFITZ, N. 1993. "Population and sustainable development: Distinguishing fact and preference concerning the future human population and environment". Population and Environment: A Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 14(5): 441-461.
  • O’NEILL, B. C., M. Dalton, R. Fuchs, L. Jiang, S. Pachauri, and K. Zigova. 2010. "Global demographic trends and future carbon emissions". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107(41): 17521-6.
  • PARKIN, S. 2010. The Positive Deviant, Sustainability Leadership in A Perverse World. London: Earthscan.
  • PEETERS, J. 2012. “The Place Of Social Work in Sustainable Development:Towards Ecosocial Practice”.International Journal of Social Welfare, 21(3):287–298.
  • PIMENTEL, D. 1996. "Gigadeath". Cornell University News Service. Accessed 27 April 2016 http://www.assisinc.ch/pdfs/Doc1_Gigadeath.pdf. Accessed 08 June 2016.
  • POTTER, N., and F. T. Christy, Jr. 1962. Trends in Natural Resource Commodities. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • RODRIK, D., A. Subramanian, and F. Trebbi. 2004. "Institutions rule: The primacy of institutions over geography and integration in economic development". Journal of Economic Growth 9: 131-165.
  • SIMON, Julian L. 1981. The Ultimate Resource. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • SIMON, Julian L. 1996. The Ultimate Resource 2. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • SOLOW, R. M. 1956. "A contribution to the theory of economic growth". Quarterly Journal of Economics 70: 65–94.
  • STOCK, J.H., and M. Yogo. 2005. "Testing For Weak Instruments in Linear IV Regression". In Identification and Inference For Econometric Models: Essays In Honor Of Thomas Rothenberg, edited by D.W.K. Andrews and J.H. Stock. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • TAMURA, R. 2002. "Human capital and the switch from agriculture to industry". Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 27: 207–242.
  • The Royal Society. 2012. People and the Planet. The Royal Society Science Policy Centre report.
  • United Nations. 1994. Report Of The International Conference On Population And Development. Cairo, 5-13 September 1994, A/CONF.171/13, 18 October 1994, New York, NY.
  • United Nations. 2010. Population Division Of The Department Of Economic And Social Affairs. World Population Policies 2009, New York, NY.
  • United Nations. 2011. Population Division Of The Department Of Economic And Social Affairs. World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision, New York, NY.
  • UNCED. 1992. Rio Declaration On Environment And Development. United Nations Conference On Environment And Development. United Nations, Rio do Janeiro, Brazil, June.
  • UNFPA. 2011. Population Dynamics in The Least Developed Countries: Challenges and Opportunities For Development And Poverty Reduction. Report of the United Nations Population Fund For The Fourth Conference On The Least Developed Countries (Istanbul, 9-13 May 2011), New York, NY.
  • UNFPA. 2012. Population Matters For Sustainable Development, Population And Development Branch, Technical Division, United Nations Population Fund, June.
  • UN Habitat. 2010. State of the World’s Cities 2010/2011: Cities for All. Bridging The Urban Divide, Nairobi.
  • UNPD. 2013. World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision, Highlights And Advance Tables. New York: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs.
  • WDI. 2013, The Final Consumption Expenditures, https://data. worldbank.org/indicator/ NE.CON.TETC.ZS, 01.04.2016.
  • Welsch, H. 2004. "Corruption, growth, and the environment: A cross-country analysis". Environment and Development Economics 9: 663-693.
  • World Bank. 1984. World Development Report 1984. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • World Bank. 2008. World Development Report 2008: Agriculture for Development, Washington DC: The World Bank.
  • World Bank. 2010. World Development Report 2010: Development and Climate Change. Washington DC: The World Bank.
  • WCED. 1987. Our Common Future. The World Commission On Environment And Development. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Toplam 88 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Taner Güney 0000-0002-7201-2057

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Ekim 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Güney, T. (2017). GELİŞMİŞ-GELİŞMEKTE OLAN ÜLKELERDE NÜFUS ARTIŞI VE SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR KALKINMA: BİR IV(2SLS) YAKLAŞIMI. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(4), 1255-1277.
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