THE DARK SIDE OF MEDICINE: A RESEARCH ON ORGAN TRAFFICKING
Yıl 2022,
Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 1 - 13, 10.08.2022
Kevser Sezer Korucu
,
Dilruba İzgüden
,
Ramazan Erdem
Öz
Within the scope of the study, organ trafficking, which is seen as an easy way of making money by individuals in the world and in Turkey this research aimed to reveal the dark side with the applications occurring in the medical sector both in Turkey and in the world. The dark side of organ trafficking, which individuals living in poor countries see as an additional source of income and an easy way to earn money, the dark side of applications in the medical sector both Turkey and in the world will be revealed. Each country should act transparently in organ transplantation practices that are accountable to health authorities and whose mandate is derived from national legislation.
Kaynakça
- Adams Iıı F. A., Barnett, A. H. and Kaserman, D. L. (1999), “Markets For Organs: The Question Of Supply”, Contemporary Economic Policy, 17(2): 147-155.
- Altınanahtar, A., (2016), “Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de Organ Tedariki ve Nakli: İktisadi Perspektifler, Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerileri”, Sosyoekonomi, 24(28): 11-30.
- Ambagtsheer, F., Zaitch, D. and Weimar, W., (2013), “The Battle For Human Organs: Organ Trafficking And Transplant Tourism in A Global Context”, Global Crime, 14(1): 1–26.
- Avrasya İncelemeleri Merkezi, https://avim.org.tr/tr/bulten/multecıler-avrupa-ya-gıdebılmek-ıcın-bobreklerını-satıyor, Accessed: 12.03.2020.
- Bagheri, A., (2016), Child Organ Trafficking: Global Reality and Inadequate International Response. Medicine, Health Care And Philosophy, 19(2), 239-246.
- Bayraktar, K., (1979), “Organ ve Doku Alınması, Saklanması, Aşılanması Ve Nakli Hakkında Kanuna İlişkin Düşünceler”, Ceza Hukuku Ve Kriminoloji Dergisi/Journal Of Penal Law & Criminology/Zeitschrift Für Strafrecht Und Kriminologie; 1(2): 15-22.
- BBCa, https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-41252907, Accessed: 12.03.2021a.
- BBCb, https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-39272511, Accessed: 12.03.2021b.
- BBCc, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-55097424, Accessed: 12.03.2021c.
- BBCd, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-20354401, Accessed: 12.03.2021d.
- BBCe, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-36452439, Accessed: 12.03.2021e.
- BM, https://www.unodc.org/pdf/gift%20brochure.pdf, Accessed: 12.03.2020.
- Bozdemir, O., (2020) “Organ Ticaretinin Önlenmesine Yönelik Kampanyalar: Abd Ulusal İnsan Kaçakçılığı Kaynak Merkezinin Kamu Spotlarının Göstergebilimsel İncelemesi”, Göç Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(2): 368-389.
- Broumand, B., and Saidi, R. F., (2017), “New Definition of Transplant Tourism. International Journal of Organ Transplantation”, Medicine, 8(1): 49.
- Budiani, D. A. and Karim, K., (2008), “The Social Determinants of Organ Trafficking: A Reflection of Social Inequity”, Social Medicine, 4(1): 48-51.
- Budiani‐Saberi, D. A. and Delmonico, F. L., (2008), “Organ Trafficking And Transplant Tourism: A Commentary on The Global Realities”, American Journal of Transplantation, 8(5): 925-929.
- CNN, https://edition.cnn.com/2004/world/asiapcf/08/04/pakistan.organ/index.html Accessed: 12.03.2021.
Columb, S., (2015), “Beneath The Organ Trade: A Critical Analysis of The Organ Trafficking Discourse”, Crime, Law And Social Change, 63(1-2): 21-47.
- Da Silva, W. C., (2014), “Que Se Rompan Los Grilletes” La Cooperación Internacional Para La Protección De Los Derechos Humanos De Las Víctimas De Trata De Personas Desde El Consejo De Europa. Revista De La Facultad De Derecho Y Ciencias Políticas, 44(120): 221-269.
- Danovitch, G. M., Chapman, J., Capron, A. M., Levin, A., Abbud-Filho, M., Al Mousawi, M., et al., (2013), “Organ Trafficking and Transplant Tourism: The Role of Global Professional Ethical Standards The 2008 Declaration of Istanbul”, Transplantation, 95(11): 1306-1312.
- DWa, https://www.dw.com/tr/organ-naklinin-%c3%b6teki-y%c3%bcz%c3%bc/a-16160473, Accessed: 12.03.2021a.
- DWb, https://www.dw.com/tr/organ-ba%c4%9f%c4%b1%c5%9f%c4%b1-skandal%c4%b1/a-16116752, Accessed: 12.03.2021b.
- Efrat, A., (2016), “Global Efforts Against Human Trafficking: The Misguided Conflation of Sex, Labor, And Organ Trafficking”, International Studies Perspectives, 17(1): 34-54.
Efrat, A., (2013), “The Rise And Decline Of Israel’s Participation in The Global Organ Trade: Causes And Lessons”, Crime, Law And Social Change, 60(1): 81-105.
- Gökcen, A., (2000), “Organ ve Doku Nakli Üzerine Düşünceler. Selçuk Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi”, 8(1-2) (Milenyum Armağanı): 63-85.
- Gökcen, A., & Balcı, M., (2013), “Organ ve Doku Ticareti Suçları (Tck. M. 91-93)”, Marmara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Hukuk Araştırmaları Dergisi, 19(2): 111-150.
- http://www.gfintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/transnational_crime-final.pdf, Accessed: 8.03.2021.
- https://onedio.com/haber/10-bin-dolara-bobrek-istanbul-da-yasa-disi-organ-ticareti-operasyonunda-4-kisi-gozaltina-alindi-878547 Accessed: 12.03.2021.
- https://www.declarationofistanbul.org/images/documents/doi_2008_turkish.pdf, Accessed: 24.03.2021.
- https://www.organdonor.gov/statistics-stories/statistics.html, Accessed: 10.03.2021.
- https://www.tonv.org.tr/admin/pages/files/ist_dek.pdf, Accessed: 24.03.2021.
- Leon-Jordan, J. K. A. and Jacob, R., (2010), “Healthcare in Foreign Hands: Trends, Issues And Directions, Review of Business Research, 10(5): 54-68.
- Liverman, C. T. and Childress, J. F., (2006), Organ Donation: Opportunities For Action. Washington: National Academies Press.
- Olbrisch, M. E., Benedict, S. M., Ashe, K. and Levenson, J. L., (2002), “Psychological Assessment and Care of Organ Transplant Patients”, Journal of Consulting And Clinical Psychology, 70(3): 771–783.
- Rudge, C., Matesanz, R., Delmonico, F. L. and Chapman, J., (2012), “International Practices of Organ Donation”, British Journal of Anaesthesia, 108(Suppl_1): İ48-İ55.
- Sağlık Bakanlığı, https://ankaraism.saglik.gov.tr/tr-62123/organ-bagisi.html, Accessed: 15.03.2021.
- Scheper-Hughes, N., (2003), “Keeping An Eye on The Global Traffic in Human Organs”, The Lancet, 361(9369): 1645-1648.
- Schiano, T. D., and Rhodes, R., (2013), “Transplant Tourism”, Medical Tourism and Transnational Health Care, 113-130.
- Schlich, T., (2010), “The Origins of Organ Transplantation: Surgery and Laboratory Science, 1880-1930”, Rochester, Ny; Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell & Brewer.
- Shimazono, Y., “The State of The International Organ Trade: A Provisional Picture Based on Integration of Available Information.” Bulletin of The World Health Organization 85 (2007): 955–962.
- Sözcü, https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2020/gundem/istanbulda-organ-ticaretine-operasyon-peynir-ekmek-gibi-bobrek-satiyorlar-5630105/, Accessed: 12.03.2021.
- Surman, O. S., Saidi, R., Purtilo, R., Simmerling, M., Ko, D. and Burke, T. F., (2008), “The Market Of Human Organs: A Window into A Poorly Understood Global Business”, In Transplantation Proceedings, 40(2): 491-493.
- Süren, Ö. K., (2007), “Organ ve Doku Naklinin Yasal ve Etik Açıdan İncelenmesi”, Tbb Dergisi, 73, 174-195.
- T.C. Ministry of Health, (1979), Organ ve Doku Alınması, Saklanması ve Nakli Hakkında Kanun, Sayı 2238: 5153-5157, 29.05.1979.
- TBMM, https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/kanunlar/k5237.html, Accessed:19.03.2021.
- TTB, https://www.ttb.org.tr/td/td118/23.php, Accessed: 12.03.2021.
- WHOa, Proposes Global Agenda On Transplantation, (2007) https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2007/pr12/en/, Accessed: 24.03.2021.
WHOb, https://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/85/12/06-039370/en/, Accessed: 8.03.2021.
- Yaman, S. and Çağatay, H., (2020), “Organ Ticaretinin Etik ve Pratik Sonuçları”, Memleket Siyaset Yönetim (Msy), 15(34): 373-402.
- Yıldız, M., (2016), Türkiye’de Kadavra Organ Temini Yönetim Sürecine Yönelik Bir Model Önerisi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Hastane ve Sağlık Kuruluşlarında Yönetim Bilim Dalı, İstanbul.
- Yılmaz, Y., (2017), “İnsan Ticareti Suçu ve İçtima Sorunu”, Marmara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Hukuk Araştırmaları Dergisi, 23(3): 883-972.
Yıl 2022,
Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 1 - 13, 10.08.2022
Kevser Sezer Korucu
,
Dilruba İzgüden
,
Ramazan Erdem
Kaynakça
- Adams Iıı F. A., Barnett, A. H. and Kaserman, D. L. (1999), “Markets For Organs: The Question Of Supply”, Contemporary Economic Policy, 17(2): 147-155.
- Altınanahtar, A., (2016), “Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de Organ Tedariki ve Nakli: İktisadi Perspektifler, Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerileri”, Sosyoekonomi, 24(28): 11-30.
- Ambagtsheer, F., Zaitch, D. and Weimar, W., (2013), “The Battle For Human Organs: Organ Trafficking And Transplant Tourism in A Global Context”, Global Crime, 14(1): 1–26.
- Avrasya İncelemeleri Merkezi, https://avim.org.tr/tr/bulten/multecıler-avrupa-ya-gıdebılmek-ıcın-bobreklerını-satıyor, Accessed: 12.03.2020.
- Bagheri, A., (2016), Child Organ Trafficking: Global Reality and Inadequate International Response. Medicine, Health Care And Philosophy, 19(2), 239-246.
- Bayraktar, K., (1979), “Organ ve Doku Alınması, Saklanması, Aşılanması Ve Nakli Hakkında Kanuna İlişkin Düşünceler”, Ceza Hukuku Ve Kriminoloji Dergisi/Journal Of Penal Law & Criminology/Zeitschrift Für Strafrecht Und Kriminologie; 1(2): 15-22.
- BBCa, https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-41252907, Accessed: 12.03.2021a.
- BBCb, https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-39272511, Accessed: 12.03.2021b.
- BBCc, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-55097424, Accessed: 12.03.2021c.
- BBCd, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-20354401, Accessed: 12.03.2021d.
- BBCe, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-36452439, Accessed: 12.03.2021e.
- BM, https://www.unodc.org/pdf/gift%20brochure.pdf, Accessed: 12.03.2020.
- Bozdemir, O., (2020) “Organ Ticaretinin Önlenmesine Yönelik Kampanyalar: Abd Ulusal İnsan Kaçakçılığı Kaynak Merkezinin Kamu Spotlarının Göstergebilimsel İncelemesi”, Göç Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(2): 368-389.
- Broumand, B., and Saidi, R. F., (2017), “New Definition of Transplant Tourism. International Journal of Organ Transplantation”, Medicine, 8(1): 49.
- Budiani, D. A. and Karim, K., (2008), “The Social Determinants of Organ Trafficking: A Reflection of Social Inequity”, Social Medicine, 4(1): 48-51.
- Budiani‐Saberi, D. A. and Delmonico, F. L., (2008), “Organ Trafficking And Transplant Tourism: A Commentary on The Global Realities”, American Journal of Transplantation, 8(5): 925-929.
- CNN, https://edition.cnn.com/2004/world/asiapcf/08/04/pakistan.organ/index.html Accessed: 12.03.2021.
Columb, S., (2015), “Beneath The Organ Trade: A Critical Analysis of The Organ Trafficking Discourse”, Crime, Law And Social Change, 63(1-2): 21-47.
- Da Silva, W. C., (2014), “Que Se Rompan Los Grilletes” La Cooperación Internacional Para La Protección De Los Derechos Humanos De Las Víctimas De Trata De Personas Desde El Consejo De Europa. Revista De La Facultad De Derecho Y Ciencias Políticas, 44(120): 221-269.
- Danovitch, G. M., Chapman, J., Capron, A. M., Levin, A., Abbud-Filho, M., Al Mousawi, M., et al., (2013), “Organ Trafficking and Transplant Tourism: The Role of Global Professional Ethical Standards The 2008 Declaration of Istanbul”, Transplantation, 95(11): 1306-1312.
- DWa, https://www.dw.com/tr/organ-naklinin-%c3%b6teki-y%c3%bcz%c3%bc/a-16160473, Accessed: 12.03.2021a.
- DWb, https://www.dw.com/tr/organ-ba%c4%9f%c4%b1%c5%9f%c4%b1-skandal%c4%b1/a-16116752, Accessed: 12.03.2021b.
- Efrat, A., (2016), “Global Efforts Against Human Trafficking: The Misguided Conflation of Sex, Labor, And Organ Trafficking”, International Studies Perspectives, 17(1): 34-54.
Efrat, A., (2013), “The Rise And Decline Of Israel’s Participation in The Global Organ Trade: Causes And Lessons”, Crime, Law And Social Change, 60(1): 81-105.
- Gökcen, A., (2000), “Organ ve Doku Nakli Üzerine Düşünceler. Selçuk Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi”, 8(1-2) (Milenyum Armağanı): 63-85.
- Gökcen, A., & Balcı, M., (2013), “Organ ve Doku Ticareti Suçları (Tck. M. 91-93)”, Marmara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Hukuk Araştırmaları Dergisi, 19(2): 111-150.
- http://www.gfintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/transnational_crime-final.pdf, Accessed: 8.03.2021.
- https://onedio.com/haber/10-bin-dolara-bobrek-istanbul-da-yasa-disi-organ-ticareti-operasyonunda-4-kisi-gozaltina-alindi-878547 Accessed: 12.03.2021.
- https://www.declarationofistanbul.org/images/documents/doi_2008_turkish.pdf, Accessed: 24.03.2021.
- https://www.organdonor.gov/statistics-stories/statistics.html, Accessed: 10.03.2021.
- https://www.tonv.org.tr/admin/pages/files/ist_dek.pdf, Accessed: 24.03.2021.
- Leon-Jordan, J. K. A. and Jacob, R., (2010), “Healthcare in Foreign Hands: Trends, Issues And Directions, Review of Business Research, 10(5): 54-68.
- Liverman, C. T. and Childress, J. F., (2006), Organ Donation: Opportunities For Action. Washington: National Academies Press.
- Olbrisch, M. E., Benedict, S. M., Ashe, K. and Levenson, J. L., (2002), “Psychological Assessment and Care of Organ Transplant Patients”, Journal of Consulting And Clinical Psychology, 70(3): 771–783.
- Rudge, C., Matesanz, R., Delmonico, F. L. and Chapman, J., (2012), “International Practices of Organ Donation”, British Journal of Anaesthesia, 108(Suppl_1): İ48-İ55.
- Sağlık Bakanlığı, https://ankaraism.saglik.gov.tr/tr-62123/organ-bagisi.html, Accessed: 15.03.2021.
- Scheper-Hughes, N., (2003), “Keeping An Eye on The Global Traffic in Human Organs”, The Lancet, 361(9369): 1645-1648.
- Schiano, T. D., and Rhodes, R., (2013), “Transplant Tourism”, Medical Tourism and Transnational Health Care, 113-130.
- Schlich, T., (2010), “The Origins of Organ Transplantation: Surgery and Laboratory Science, 1880-1930”, Rochester, Ny; Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell & Brewer.
- Shimazono, Y., “The State of The International Organ Trade: A Provisional Picture Based on Integration of Available Information.” Bulletin of The World Health Organization 85 (2007): 955–962.
- Sözcü, https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2020/gundem/istanbulda-organ-ticaretine-operasyon-peynir-ekmek-gibi-bobrek-satiyorlar-5630105/, Accessed: 12.03.2021.
- Surman, O. S., Saidi, R., Purtilo, R., Simmerling, M., Ko, D. and Burke, T. F., (2008), “The Market Of Human Organs: A Window into A Poorly Understood Global Business”, In Transplantation Proceedings, 40(2): 491-493.
- Süren, Ö. K., (2007), “Organ ve Doku Naklinin Yasal ve Etik Açıdan İncelenmesi”, Tbb Dergisi, 73, 174-195.
- T.C. Ministry of Health, (1979), Organ ve Doku Alınması, Saklanması ve Nakli Hakkında Kanun, Sayı 2238: 5153-5157, 29.05.1979.
- TBMM, https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/kanunlar/k5237.html, Accessed:19.03.2021.
- TTB, https://www.ttb.org.tr/td/td118/23.php, Accessed: 12.03.2021.
- WHOa, Proposes Global Agenda On Transplantation, (2007) https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2007/pr12/en/, Accessed: 24.03.2021.
WHOb, https://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/85/12/06-039370/en/, Accessed: 8.03.2021.
- Yaman, S. and Çağatay, H., (2020), “Organ Ticaretinin Etik ve Pratik Sonuçları”, Memleket Siyaset Yönetim (Msy), 15(34): 373-402.
- Yıldız, M., (2016), Türkiye’de Kadavra Organ Temini Yönetim Sürecine Yönelik Bir Model Önerisi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Hastane ve Sağlık Kuruluşlarında Yönetim Bilim Dalı, İstanbul.
- Yılmaz, Y., (2017), “İnsan Ticareti Suçu ve İçtima Sorunu”, Marmara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Hukuk Araştırmaları Dergisi, 23(3): 883-972.