Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Boş Zaman Değerlendirme Farkındalıkları: İzmir Örneği

Yıl 2017, Sayı: 38, 457 - 480, 18.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.21497/sefad.377487

Öz

Boş zaman, bireylerin çalışma dışında kalan zamanlarında dinlendikleri,
eğlendikleri ve kendilerini gerçekleştirdikleri zaman dilimidir. Endüstri
Devrimi sonrasında ortaya çıkan boş zamanın etkin değerlendirilmesi, yalnızca
yetişkinler için değil, çocuklar için de önemlidir. Boş zaman değerlendirmeye
ilişkin tutum ve davranışların bireye kazandırılması toplumsallaşma süreci
içerisinde gerçekleşmektedir. Toplumsallaşma ajanları içerisinden özellikle
ilkokulun ve bir rol model olarak sınıf öğretmeninin bu sürece yön verdiği
düşünülmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı, sınıf öğretmenlerinin boş zaman
değerlendirmeye ilişkin farkındalıklarını ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaç
çerçevesinde araştırma, nitel ve nicel araştırma yöntemlerinin birlikte
kullanıldığı karma desen modelinde tasarlanmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin
toplanmasında araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen ölçme aracı
kullanılmıştır. Ölçme aracı, demografik soruları içeren kişisel bilgi
formu;  5’li likert tipi kapalı uçlu
soruların yer aldığı anket ile açık uçlu soruların bulunduğu
yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşme formundan oluşmuştur. Araştırmanın çalışma
grubunda, İzmir’in merkez ilçelerinden Bornova, Bayraklı, Çiğli ve Konak’ta
görev yapmakta olan 78 sınıf öğretmeni yer almıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen nicel
verilerinin analizinde SPSS 20.0 programından yararlanılmıştır. Her bir madde
için frekans ve yüzde gibi betimsel analizler ile bağımsız örneklem t-testi,
Pearson Ki-Kare ve Pearson Korelasyon istatistik analizleri yapılmıştır.
Araştırmanın nitel verilerinin analizinde ise betimsel analiz tekniğinden
yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, araştırmaya katılan sınıf öğretmenleri
arasında, aile ile boş zaman değerlendirmenin aile bağlarını güçlendirdiği
düşüncesinin, evli ve çocuklu katılımcılarda oldukça yaygın olduğu
belirlenmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra, araştırmaya katılan sınıf öğretmenlerinin boş
zaman tanımlarında kültürün bir yansıması olarak toplumsal cinsiyet
rollerindeki keskin farklılık ortaya çıkmıştır. Araştırmada özellikle kadın
öğretmenler, ev işleri ve sorumlulukları nedeniyle boş zamanlarının pek
olmadığını ifade etmişlerdir. Ayrıca araştırmada sınıf öğretmenlerinin boş
zaman değerlendirme konusunda kayda değer bir motivasyondan söz etmedikleri de
belirlenmiştir. Son olarak, araştırmada sınıf öğretmenlerinin boş zaman
değerlendirme konusunda öğrencilerini yönlendirmelerinin son derece yetersiz
olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.




Kaynakça

  • AJIBUA Michael Alayode-OLORUNSOLA H.K. vd. (2013). “Perceived Motivational Factors Influencing Leisure-Time Physical Activity Involvement of Teaching and Non-Teaching Staff Intertiary Institutions in Ondo State, Nigeria”. International Journal of Asian Social Science 3 (1): 10-19.
  • ARAB-MOGHADDAM, Narges-HENDERSON, Karla A. vd. (2007). “Women's Leisure and Constraints to Participation: Iranian Perspectives”. Journal of Leisure Research 39 (1): 109-126.
  • ARSLAN CANSEVER, Belgin (2010). Ergenlerin Toplumsallaşmasında İnternet Kullanımının Aile ve Okul Bağlamında Yarattığı Sorunlar. Doktora tezi. İzmir: Ege Üniversitesi.
  • ASLAN, Neşe (2002). “The Impact of Leisure Constraints on Leisure Participation” Ege Eğitim Dergisi 1 (2): 11-24.
  • ASLAN, Neşe (2004). “Gender, women and leisure-A study on Turkish women”. Greek-Turkish approaches: Re-defining the female identity. ed. In M. Kaila vd. Keimena ΠAIΔEIAΣ: ArpaΠỒs.
  • ASLAN, Neşe (2005). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Boş Zaman Değerlendirme Eğilimi: Öğretmen Yetiştiren Kurumlarda Karşılaştırmalı Bir Araştırma. İzmir: Ege Ü. Eğitim Fakültesi Yayınları.
  • ASLAN, Neşe (2009). “An Examination of Family Leisure and Family Satisfaction among Traditional Turkish Families”. Journal of Leisure Research 41: 157–176.
  • ASLAN, Neşe (2016). “Teacher Images in Spain and Turkey: A Cross-Cultural Study”. Asia Pacific Education Review 17: 253- 266.
  • ASLAN, Neşe-ARSLAN CANSEVER, Belgin (2007). “Okuldaki Sosyal Etkinliklere Katılımda Ebeveyn- Çocuk Etkileşimi (Kültürlerarası Bir Karşılaştırma)”. Ege Eğitim Dergisi 8 (1): 113-131.
  • ASLAN, Neşe-ARSLAN CANSEVER, Belgin (2009). “Eğitimde Yaratıcılığın Kullanımına İlişkin Öğretmen Tutumları”. TUBAV Bilim Dergisi 2 (3): 333–340.
  • ASLAN, Neşe-ARSLAN CANSEVER, Belgin (2009a). “Effects of Family Socio-Demographic Characteristics on Child Participation in Social Activities at School: A Comparative Study between Turkey and the Netherlands”. Eğitimde Kuram ve Uygulama 5 (2): 210-226.
  • ASLAN, Neşe-ARSLAN CANSEVER, Belgin (2012). “Ergenlerin Boş Zaman Değerlendirme Algısı”. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 42: 23-35.
  • ASLAN, Neşe-ARSLAN CANSEVER, Belgin (2016). “The Leisure Behavior of the Turkish Prospective Teachers”. Higher Education Studies 6 (2): 84-98.
  • ASLAN, Neşe-ASLAN, Kadir (2012). “What is Leisure for Turkish Parents?” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 55: 390-398.
  • AYDIN, Kemal (2009). “Social Stratification of Culture and Leisure in Turkey”. Cultural Trends 18: 295–311.
  • BAILEY, Kenneth D. (1987). Methods of Social Research. New York: MacMillan Pub.
  • BAKİ, Adnan-GÖKÇEK, Tuba (2012). “Karma Yöntem Araştırmalarına Genel Bir Bakış”. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 11 (42): 1-21.
  • BEGGS, Brent A.-ELKINS, Daniel J. vd. (2005). “Overcoming Barriers to Participation in Campus Recreational Sports”. Recreational Sports Journal 29 (2): 143-155.
  • BRANNEN, Julia (2005). “Mixing Methods: The Entry of Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches into the Research Process”. International Journal of Social Research Methodology 8 (3): 173-184.
  • BRYMAN, Alan (2006). “Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Research: How Is It Done?”. Qualitative Research 6 (1): 97-113.
  • CHICK, Garry & DONG, Erwei (2005). “Cultural constraints on leisure”. Constraints to leisure ed. E. L. Jackson State College, PA: Venture Publishing. 169–183
  • CHICK, Garry (2009). “Culture as a Variable in The Study of Leisure”. Leisure Sciences 31: 305–310. http://dx.doi:10.1080/01490400902837902.
  • COLLINS, Kathleen M. T.-ONWUEGBUZİE, Anthony vd. (2007). “A Mixed Methods Investigation of Mixed Methods Sampling Designs in Social and Health Science Research”. Journal of Mixed Methods Research 1 (3): 267-294.
  • CRANDALL, Rick (1979). “Social Interaction, Affect and Leisure”. Journal of Leisure Research 11 (3): 165-181.
  • CRESWELL, John W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed approaches, Thousands Oaks, CA: London Sage Publications, Inc.
  • CURRIE, Janet (2004). “Motherhood, Stress and The Exercise Experience: Freedom or Constraint?”. Leisure Studies 23 (3): 225–242.
  • DUMAZEDIER, Joffre (1967). Toward a Society of Leisure. New York: The Free Press.
  • DUMAZEDIER, Joffre (1974). Sociology of Leisure. New York: Elsevier.
  • DURHAM, Deborah- ÖNDER EROL, Pelin (2009). “Aging, Work and Leisure, and Class in Western Turkey”, American Anthropological Association 108th Annual Meeting, Philadelphia, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri.
  • DÜNDAR, Hakan-KARACA, Elif Tuğçe (2011). “İlköğretim Okullarında Serbest Etkinlikler Dersinin Değerlendirilmesi”. Erzincan Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 13 (2): 417-437.
  • GILLIUM, Richard (2006). “Frequency of Attendance at Religious Services and Leisure-Time Physical Activity in American Women and Men: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey”. Religiousness and Physical Activity 31: 30-35.
  • GÜRBÜZ, Bülent-HENDERSON, Karla A. (2014). “Leisure Activity Preferences and Constraints: Perspectives from Turkey”. World Leisure Journal 56 (4): 300–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2014.958195.
  • HENDERSON, Karla A.-HICKERSON, Benjamin (2007). “Women and Leisure: Premises and Performances Uncovered in an Integrative Review”. Journal of Leisure Research 39 (4): 591-610.
  • HOFF, Andrew E.-ELLIS, Gary D. (1992). “Influence of Agents of Leisure Socialization on Leisure Self-Efficacy of University Students”. Journal of Leisure Research 24: 114-126.
  • HOFSTEDE, Geert (2001). Culture’s Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions and Organizations across Nations (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
  • HOFSTEDE, Geert (2011). “Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context”. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture 2 (1): 1-26. doi:10. 9707/2307-0919.1014
  • HOFSTEDE, Geert-McCRAE, Robert R. (2004). “Personality and Culture Revisited: Linking Traits and Dimensions of Culture”. Cross-Cultural Research 38 (1): 52–88.
  • HOLMAN, Thomas B.-EPPERSON, Arlin (1984). “Family and Leisure: A Review of the Literature with Research Recommendations”. Journal of Leisure Research 16 (4): 277-294.
  • HUTCHINSON, Susan L.-BALDWIN, Cheryl vd. (2003). “Differentiating Parent Practices Related to Adolescent Behavior in the Free Time Context”. Journal of Leisure Research 35 (4) : 396-422.
  • ISO-AHOLA, Seppo E. (1999). “Motivation foundation”. Leisure Studies: Prospects for Twenty-first Century. ed. E. L. Jackson -T.L. Burton, State College, P.A: Venture Publishing.
  • JACKSON, Edgar L. (1988). “Leisure Constraints: A Survey of Past Research”. Leisure Sciences 10: 203-215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490408809512190.
  • JACKSON, Edgar L. (ed.). (2005). Constraints to Leisure. State College, PA: Venture Publishing.
  • JACKSON, Edgar L.-HENDERSON, Karla A. (1995). “Gender-Based Analysis of Leisure Constraints”. Leisure Sciences 17: 31-51.
  • KAĞITÇIBAŞI, Çiğdem (2002). “A model of family change in cultural context”. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture. ed. W.J. Lonner, D.L; Dinnel, S. A. Hayes, & D.N.Sattler. http://www.edu/culture. Center for Cross-Cultural Research, Western Washington Un., Bellingham, Washington, USA. [8 Mayıs 2005].
  • KAĞITÇIBAŞI, Çiğdem (2010). Benlik, aile ve insan gelişimi- Kültürel Psikoloji İstanbul: Koç Üniversitesi Yayını.
  • KELLY, John R. (1974). “Socialization Toward Leisure: A Developmental Approach”. Journal of Leisure Research 6: 191-193.
  • KLEIBER, Douglas A. (1980). “Free Time Activity and Psychosocial Adjustment in College Students: A Preliminary Analysis”. Journal of Leisure Research, 12 (3): 205-212.
  • KOCA, Canan-HENDERSON, Karla A. vd. (2009). “Constraints to Leisure-Time Physicalactivity and Negotiation Strategies in Turkish Women”. Journal of Leisure Research 41: 225–251.
  • LIM, Sungtaek-SMITH, Joshua (2008). “The Structural Relationships of Parenting Style, Creative Personality and Loneliness”. Creativity Research Journal 20: 412-419.
  • LIU, Huimei-YEH, Chih-Kuei vd. (2008). “An Explanation of Meanings of Leisure: A Chinese Perspective”. Leisure Sciences 30: 482-488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490400802353257.
  • LIVENGOOD, Jennifer S.-STODOLSKA, Monika (2004). “The Effects of Discrimination and Constraints Negotiation on Leisure Behavior of American Muslims in the post-September 11 America”. Journal of Leisure Research 36: 183–208.
  • LU, Luo-HU, Chia-Hsin (2005). “Personality, Leisure Experiences and Happiness”. Journal of Happiness Studies 6(3): 325-342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10902-005-8628-3.
  • MARKUS, Hazel R.-KITAYAMA, Shinobu (1991). “Culture and the Self: Implications for Cognition, Emotion and Motivation”. Psychological Review 98: 224-253.
  • MEB (2010). MEB Talim ve Terbiye Kurulu 75 sayılı Kararı. 20.07.2010.
  • ONWUEGBUZİE, Anthony J.-LEECH, Nancy L. (2005). “Taking the ‘Q’ out of Research: Teaching Research Methodology Courses without the Divide Between Quantitative and Qualitative Paradigms”. Quality & Quantity 39: 267–296.
  • ÖNDER EROL, Pelin (2011). Sosyolojik Perspektiften Demografik Yaşlanma: Toplumsal, Ekonomik ve Politik Alanlarda Yaşlı Failliği. Doktora Tezi. İzmir: Ege Üniversitesi.
  • PASSMORE, Anne-FRENCH Davina, (2001). “Development and Administration of a Measure to Assess Adolescents’ Participation in Leisure Activities”. Adolescence 36 (141): 67-75.
  • PAYNE, Laura-ZABRISKIE, Ramon (2014). “Understanding the Role of Leisure in Life Transitions”. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration 32 (1): 1-6.
  • POFF, Raymond A.-ZABRISKIE, Ramon vd. (2010). “Modeling Family Leisure and Family Related Constructs: A National Study of U.S. Parent and Youth Perspectives”. Journal of Leisure Research 42 (3): 365-391.
  • PUNCH, Keith F. (2005). Sosyal Araştırmalara Giriş: Nicel ve Nitel Yaklaşımlar. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • RAYMORE, Leslie A. (2002). “Facilitators to Leisure”. Journal of Leisure Research 34: 37-51.
  • ROBERTS, Ken. (2011). “Is Leisure Studies “Ethnocentric”? If So, Does This Matter?”. World Leisure Journal 52: 164–176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/04419057.2010.9728277.
  • ROJEK, Chris (2000). Leisure and culture. Basingstoke, Hants.: Macmillan.
  • SCHMIDT, Christopher-LITTLE, Donna E. (2007). “Qualitative Insights in Leisure as a Spiritual Experience”. Journal of Leisure Research 39: 222-247.
  • SHAW, Susan M.- HENDERSON, Karla A. (2005). “Gender Analysis and Leisure Constraints: An Uneasy Alliance”. Constraints to Leisure. ed. E. L. Jackson. State College, PA: Venture Publishing, 23-34.
  • TEDDLIE, Charles-YU, Fen (2007). “Mixed Method Sampling: A Typology With Examples”. Journal of Mixed Methods Research 1: 77-100.
  • TSAI, Eva Hiu-Lun-COLEMAN, Denis J. (2009). “The Influence of Constraints and Self-Efficacies on Participation in Regular Active Recreation”. Leisure Sciences 31: 364-383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490400902988309 [07.02.2017].
  • TÜRKİYE İSTATİSTİK KURUMU (2014). Seçilmiş Göstergelerle İzmir 2013. Ankara: Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu Matbaası.
  • UN ENABLE (2006). Article 30 of the Draft Convention of Rights of Persons with Disability. United Nations Organization.
  • ÜSKÜL, Ayşe K.-HYNIE, Michaela vd. (2004). “Interdependence as a Mediator between Culture and Interpersonal Closeness for Euro-Canadians and Turks”. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 35: 174-194.
  • VEAL, Anthony J. (2001). “Leisure, Culture and Lifestyle”. Loisir et Société /Society and Leisure 24 (2): 359-376. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/000187ar.
  • WALKER, Gordon J.-JACKSON, Edgar L. vd. (2007). “Culture and Leisure Constraints: A Comparison of Canadian and Mainland Chinese University Students”. Journal of Leisure Research 39: 567–590.
  • YETİM, Ünsal (2003). “The Impact of Individualism/Collectivism, Self Esteem, and Feeling of Mastery on Life-Satisfaction among Turkish University Students and Academicians”. Social Indicators Research 61: 297-317.
  • YILDIRIM, Ali-ŞİMŞEK, Hasan (2008). Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yay.
  • YILMAZ, Leyla Sevim (2015). İlkokulda uygulanan serbest etkinlik dersinin öğretmen görüşlerine göre değerlendirilmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Erzurum: Atatürk Üniversitesi.
  • ZABRISKIE, Ramon B.-MCCORMICK, Bryan P. (2001). “The Influences of Family Leisure Patterns on Perceptions of Family Functioning”. Family Relations 50: 281-289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2001.00281.x [02.05.2017].
  • ZABRISKIE, Ramon B.-MCCORMICK, Bryan P. (2003). “Parent and Child Perspectives of Family Leisure Involvement and Satisfaction with Family Life”. Journal of Leisure Research 35: 163-189.

Leisure Awareness of Primary School Teachers: The Case of Izmir

Yıl 2017, Sayı: 38, 457 - 480, 18.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.21497/sefad.377487

Öz

Leisure is a period of time spent
out work, in which individuals can rest, enjoy and perform self-realization.
The effective leisure spending, which appeared after the Industrial Revolution,
is important not only for adults but also for children. It is through the
socialization process that individuals gain attitudes and behaviours regarding
leisure. As to the orientation towards this process, the primary school and the
primary school teacher, as role models, are considered the foremost ones among
all agents of socialization. In this context, this study aims at revealing the
leisure awareness of primary school teachers. Within this framework the
research is designed as a mixed method in which qualitative and quantitative
research methods are used together. Data was gathered through a measurement
tool developed by the researchers. The measurement tool is composed of a
personal information form with demographic questions; a 5-likert-type
close-ended questionnaire, and a semi-structured interview form with open-ended
questions. The study group consists of 78 classroom teachers who are working in
Bornova, Bayraklı, Çiğli and Konak, some of the central districts of İzmir. The
quantitative data of the study was analysed through SPSS 20.0 software. For
each item, descriptive analyses such as frequency and percentage; and
statistical analyses such as independent sample t-test, Pearson Chi-Square and
Pearson Correlation were performed. In the analysis of the qualitative data,
descriptive analysis technique was used. The findings of the study point out
that most of the primary school teachers who are married and/or have children
agree with the idea that family and leisure time strengthened family ties. It
was also found that a huge gap in gender roles, emerged as an outcome of
culture, had some reflections upon the leisure descriptions of the primary
school teachers. Especially the female teachers expressed that they lack
leisure due to housework and domestic responsibilities. It was determined that
the primary school teachers did not mention any significant motivation for
leisure. Finally, the research has shown that the primary school teachers are
highly insufficient in orienting their students about leisure assessment.

Kaynakça

  • AJIBUA Michael Alayode-OLORUNSOLA H.K. vd. (2013). “Perceived Motivational Factors Influencing Leisure-Time Physical Activity Involvement of Teaching and Non-Teaching Staff Intertiary Institutions in Ondo State, Nigeria”. International Journal of Asian Social Science 3 (1): 10-19.
  • ARAB-MOGHADDAM, Narges-HENDERSON, Karla A. vd. (2007). “Women's Leisure and Constraints to Participation: Iranian Perspectives”. Journal of Leisure Research 39 (1): 109-126.
  • ARSLAN CANSEVER, Belgin (2010). Ergenlerin Toplumsallaşmasında İnternet Kullanımının Aile ve Okul Bağlamında Yarattığı Sorunlar. Doktora tezi. İzmir: Ege Üniversitesi.
  • ASLAN, Neşe (2002). “The Impact of Leisure Constraints on Leisure Participation” Ege Eğitim Dergisi 1 (2): 11-24.
  • ASLAN, Neşe (2004). “Gender, women and leisure-A study on Turkish women”. Greek-Turkish approaches: Re-defining the female identity. ed. In M. Kaila vd. Keimena ΠAIΔEIAΣ: ArpaΠỒs.
  • ASLAN, Neşe (2005). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Boş Zaman Değerlendirme Eğilimi: Öğretmen Yetiştiren Kurumlarda Karşılaştırmalı Bir Araştırma. İzmir: Ege Ü. Eğitim Fakültesi Yayınları.
  • ASLAN, Neşe (2009). “An Examination of Family Leisure and Family Satisfaction among Traditional Turkish Families”. Journal of Leisure Research 41: 157–176.
  • ASLAN, Neşe (2016). “Teacher Images in Spain and Turkey: A Cross-Cultural Study”. Asia Pacific Education Review 17: 253- 266.
  • ASLAN, Neşe-ARSLAN CANSEVER, Belgin (2007). “Okuldaki Sosyal Etkinliklere Katılımda Ebeveyn- Çocuk Etkileşimi (Kültürlerarası Bir Karşılaştırma)”. Ege Eğitim Dergisi 8 (1): 113-131.
  • ASLAN, Neşe-ARSLAN CANSEVER, Belgin (2009). “Eğitimde Yaratıcılığın Kullanımına İlişkin Öğretmen Tutumları”. TUBAV Bilim Dergisi 2 (3): 333–340.
  • ASLAN, Neşe-ARSLAN CANSEVER, Belgin (2009a). “Effects of Family Socio-Demographic Characteristics on Child Participation in Social Activities at School: A Comparative Study between Turkey and the Netherlands”. Eğitimde Kuram ve Uygulama 5 (2): 210-226.
  • ASLAN, Neşe-ARSLAN CANSEVER, Belgin (2012). “Ergenlerin Boş Zaman Değerlendirme Algısı”. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 42: 23-35.
  • ASLAN, Neşe-ARSLAN CANSEVER, Belgin (2016). “The Leisure Behavior of the Turkish Prospective Teachers”. Higher Education Studies 6 (2): 84-98.
  • ASLAN, Neşe-ASLAN, Kadir (2012). “What is Leisure for Turkish Parents?” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 55: 390-398.
  • AYDIN, Kemal (2009). “Social Stratification of Culture and Leisure in Turkey”. Cultural Trends 18: 295–311.
  • BAILEY, Kenneth D. (1987). Methods of Social Research. New York: MacMillan Pub.
  • BAKİ, Adnan-GÖKÇEK, Tuba (2012). “Karma Yöntem Araştırmalarına Genel Bir Bakış”. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 11 (42): 1-21.
  • BEGGS, Brent A.-ELKINS, Daniel J. vd. (2005). “Overcoming Barriers to Participation in Campus Recreational Sports”. Recreational Sports Journal 29 (2): 143-155.
  • BRANNEN, Julia (2005). “Mixing Methods: The Entry of Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches into the Research Process”. International Journal of Social Research Methodology 8 (3): 173-184.
  • BRYMAN, Alan (2006). “Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Research: How Is It Done?”. Qualitative Research 6 (1): 97-113.
  • CHICK, Garry & DONG, Erwei (2005). “Cultural constraints on leisure”. Constraints to leisure ed. E. L. Jackson State College, PA: Venture Publishing. 169–183
  • CHICK, Garry (2009). “Culture as a Variable in The Study of Leisure”. Leisure Sciences 31: 305–310. http://dx.doi:10.1080/01490400902837902.
  • COLLINS, Kathleen M. T.-ONWUEGBUZİE, Anthony vd. (2007). “A Mixed Methods Investigation of Mixed Methods Sampling Designs in Social and Health Science Research”. Journal of Mixed Methods Research 1 (3): 267-294.
  • CRANDALL, Rick (1979). “Social Interaction, Affect and Leisure”. Journal of Leisure Research 11 (3): 165-181.
  • CRESWELL, John W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed approaches, Thousands Oaks, CA: London Sage Publications, Inc.
  • CURRIE, Janet (2004). “Motherhood, Stress and The Exercise Experience: Freedom or Constraint?”. Leisure Studies 23 (3): 225–242.
  • DUMAZEDIER, Joffre (1967). Toward a Society of Leisure. New York: The Free Press.
  • DUMAZEDIER, Joffre (1974). Sociology of Leisure. New York: Elsevier.
  • DURHAM, Deborah- ÖNDER EROL, Pelin (2009). “Aging, Work and Leisure, and Class in Western Turkey”, American Anthropological Association 108th Annual Meeting, Philadelphia, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri.
  • DÜNDAR, Hakan-KARACA, Elif Tuğçe (2011). “İlköğretim Okullarında Serbest Etkinlikler Dersinin Değerlendirilmesi”. Erzincan Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 13 (2): 417-437.
  • GILLIUM, Richard (2006). “Frequency of Attendance at Religious Services and Leisure-Time Physical Activity in American Women and Men: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey”. Religiousness and Physical Activity 31: 30-35.
  • GÜRBÜZ, Bülent-HENDERSON, Karla A. (2014). “Leisure Activity Preferences and Constraints: Perspectives from Turkey”. World Leisure Journal 56 (4): 300–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2014.958195.
  • HENDERSON, Karla A.-HICKERSON, Benjamin (2007). “Women and Leisure: Premises and Performances Uncovered in an Integrative Review”. Journal of Leisure Research 39 (4): 591-610.
  • HOFF, Andrew E.-ELLIS, Gary D. (1992). “Influence of Agents of Leisure Socialization on Leisure Self-Efficacy of University Students”. Journal of Leisure Research 24: 114-126.
  • HOFSTEDE, Geert (2001). Culture’s Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions and Organizations across Nations (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
  • HOFSTEDE, Geert (2011). “Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context”. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture 2 (1): 1-26. doi:10. 9707/2307-0919.1014
  • HOFSTEDE, Geert-McCRAE, Robert R. (2004). “Personality and Culture Revisited: Linking Traits and Dimensions of Culture”. Cross-Cultural Research 38 (1): 52–88.
  • HOLMAN, Thomas B.-EPPERSON, Arlin (1984). “Family and Leisure: A Review of the Literature with Research Recommendations”. Journal of Leisure Research 16 (4): 277-294.
  • HUTCHINSON, Susan L.-BALDWIN, Cheryl vd. (2003). “Differentiating Parent Practices Related to Adolescent Behavior in the Free Time Context”. Journal of Leisure Research 35 (4) : 396-422.
  • ISO-AHOLA, Seppo E. (1999). “Motivation foundation”. Leisure Studies: Prospects for Twenty-first Century. ed. E. L. Jackson -T.L. Burton, State College, P.A: Venture Publishing.
  • JACKSON, Edgar L. (1988). “Leisure Constraints: A Survey of Past Research”. Leisure Sciences 10: 203-215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490408809512190.
  • JACKSON, Edgar L. (ed.). (2005). Constraints to Leisure. State College, PA: Venture Publishing.
  • JACKSON, Edgar L.-HENDERSON, Karla A. (1995). “Gender-Based Analysis of Leisure Constraints”. Leisure Sciences 17: 31-51.
  • KAĞITÇIBAŞI, Çiğdem (2002). “A model of family change in cultural context”. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture. ed. W.J. Lonner, D.L; Dinnel, S. A. Hayes, & D.N.Sattler. http://www.edu/culture. Center for Cross-Cultural Research, Western Washington Un., Bellingham, Washington, USA. [8 Mayıs 2005].
  • KAĞITÇIBAŞI, Çiğdem (2010). Benlik, aile ve insan gelişimi- Kültürel Psikoloji İstanbul: Koç Üniversitesi Yayını.
  • KELLY, John R. (1974). “Socialization Toward Leisure: A Developmental Approach”. Journal of Leisure Research 6: 191-193.
  • KLEIBER, Douglas A. (1980). “Free Time Activity and Psychosocial Adjustment in College Students: A Preliminary Analysis”. Journal of Leisure Research, 12 (3): 205-212.
  • KOCA, Canan-HENDERSON, Karla A. vd. (2009). “Constraints to Leisure-Time Physicalactivity and Negotiation Strategies in Turkish Women”. Journal of Leisure Research 41: 225–251.
  • LIM, Sungtaek-SMITH, Joshua (2008). “The Structural Relationships of Parenting Style, Creative Personality and Loneliness”. Creativity Research Journal 20: 412-419.
  • LIU, Huimei-YEH, Chih-Kuei vd. (2008). “An Explanation of Meanings of Leisure: A Chinese Perspective”. Leisure Sciences 30: 482-488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490400802353257.
  • LIVENGOOD, Jennifer S.-STODOLSKA, Monika (2004). “The Effects of Discrimination and Constraints Negotiation on Leisure Behavior of American Muslims in the post-September 11 America”. Journal of Leisure Research 36: 183–208.
  • LU, Luo-HU, Chia-Hsin (2005). “Personality, Leisure Experiences and Happiness”. Journal of Happiness Studies 6(3): 325-342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10902-005-8628-3.
  • MARKUS, Hazel R.-KITAYAMA, Shinobu (1991). “Culture and the Self: Implications for Cognition, Emotion and Motivation”. Psychological Review 98: 224-253.
  • MEB (2010). MEB Talim ve Terbiye Kurulu 75 sayılı Kararı. 20.07.2010.
  • ONWUEGBUZİE, Anthony J.-LEECH, Nancy L. (2005). “Taking the ‘Q’ out of Research: Teaching Research Methodology Courses without the Divide Between Quantitative and Qualitative Paradigms”. Quality & Quantity 39: 267–296.
  • ÖNDER EROL, Pelin (2011). Sosyolojik Perspektiften Demografik Yaşlanma: Toplumsal, Ekonomik ve Politik Alanlarda Yaşlı Failliği. Doktora Tezi. İzmir: Ege Üniversitesi.
  • PASSMORE, Anne-FRENCH Davina, (2001). “Development and Administration of a Measure to Assess Adolescents’ Participation in Leisure Activities”. Adolescence 36 (141): 67-75.
  • PAYNE, Laura-ZABRISKIE, Ramon (2014). “Understanding the Role of Leisure in Life Transitions”. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration 32 (1): 1-6.
  • POFF, Raymond A.-ZABRISKIE, Ramon vd. (2010). “Modeling Family Leisure and Family Related Constructs: A National Study of U.S. Parent and Youth Perspectives”. Journal of Leisure Research 42 (3): 365-391.
  • PUNCH, Keith F. (2005). Sosyal Araştırmalara Giriş: Nicel ve Nitel Yaklaşımlar. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • RAYMORE, Leslie A. (2002). “Facilitators to Leisure”. Journal of Leisure Research 34: 37-51.
  • ROBERTS, Ken. (2011). “Is Leisure Studies “Ethnocentric”? If So, Does This Matter?”. World Leisure Journal 52: 164–176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/04419057.2010.9728277.
  • ROJEK, Chris (2000). Leisure and culture. Basingstoke, Hants.: Macmillan.
  • SCHMIDT, Christopher-LITTLE, Donna E. (2007). “Qualitative Insights in Leisure as a Spiritual Experience”. Journal of Leisure Research 39: 222-247.
  • SHAW, Susan M.- HENDERSON, Karla A. (2005). “Gender Analysis and Leisure Constraints: An Uneasy Alliance”. Constraints to Leisure. ed. E. L. Jackson. State College, PA: Venture Publishing, 23-34.
  • TEDDLIE, Charles-YU, Fen (2007). “Mixed Method Sampling: A Typology With Examples”. Journal of Mixed Methods Research 1: 77-100.
  • TSAI, Eva Hiu-Lun-COLEMAN, Denis J. (2009). “The Influence of Constraints and Self-Efficacies on Participation in Regular Active Recreation”. Leisure Sciences 31: 364-383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490400902988309 [07.02.2017].
  • TÜRKİYE İSTATİSTİK KURUMU (2014). Seçilmiş Göstergelerle İzmir 2013. Ankara: Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu Matbaası.
  • UN ENABLE (2006). Article 30 of the Draft Convention of Rights of Persons with Disability. United Nations Organization.
  • ÜSKÜL, Ayşe K.-HYNIE, Michaela vd. (2004). “Interdependence as a Mediator between Culture and Interpersonal Closeness for Euro-Canadians and Turks”. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 35: 174-194.
  • VEAL, Anthony J. (2001). “Leisure, Culture and Lifestyle”. Loisir et Société /Society and Leisure 24 (2): 359-376. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/000187ar.
  • WALKER, Gordon J.-JACKSON, Edgar L. vd. (2007). “Culture and Leisure Constraints: A Comparison of Canadian and Mainland Chinese University Students”. Journal of Leisure Research 39: 567–590.
  • YETİM, Ünsal (2003). “The Impact of Individualism/Collectivism, Self Esteem, and Feeling of Mastery on Life-Satisfaction among Turkish University Students and Academicians”. Social Indicators Research 61: 297-317.
  • YILDIRIM, Ali-ŞİMŞEK, Hasan (2008). Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yay.
  • YILMAZ, Leyla Sevim (2015). İlkokulda uygulanan serbest etkinlik dersinin öğretmen görüşlerine göre değerlendirilmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Erzurum: Atatürk Üniversitesi.
  • ZABRISKIE, Ramon B.-MCCORMICK, Bryan P. (2001). “The Influences of Family Leisure Patterns on Perceptions of Family Functioning”. Family Relations 50: 281-289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2001.00281.x [02.05.2017].
  • ZABRISKIE, Ramon B.-MCCORMICK, Bryan P. (2003). “Parent and Child Perspectives of Family Leisure Involvement and Satisfaction with Family Life”. Journal of Leisure Research 35: 163-189.
Toplam 77 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Pelin Önder Erol

Belgin Arslan Cansever

Neşe Aslan

Yayımlanma Tarihi 18 Aralık 2017
Gönderilme Tarihi 30 Eylül 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Sayı: 38

Kaynak Göster

APA Önder Erol, P., Arslan Cansever, B., & Aslan, N. (2017). Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Boş Zaman Değerlendirme Farkındalıkları: İzmir Örneği. Selçuk Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi(38), 457-480. https://doi.org/10.21497/sefad.377487

Cited By

TÜRKİYE’DE 2009-2020 YILLARI ARASINDA ÖĞRETMENLER İLE YAPILAN SERBEST ZAMAN KONULU BİLİMSEL ÇALIŞMALARIN İNCELENMESİ
Ankara Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi
Gözde YETİM
https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.874692

Selcuk University Journal of Faculty of Letters will start accepting articles for 2025 issues on Dergipark as of September 15, 2024.