Dental Anxıety in Chıldren: The Obstacle to Successful Dental Treatment

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 90 - 95, 26.04.2024

Büşra Mutlu , Aysun Avşar

https://doi.org/10.15311/selcukdentj.1271549

Öz

Dental anxiety is defined as intense anxiety about any dental procedure without an obvious source. Dental anxiety in children is closely related to the fear of the unknown and the lack of opportunity to control the treatment. Dental anxiety, which can cause physiological and psychological problems for the physician as well as the child, causes oral and dental health problems by preventing children from coming to their appointments and applying the treatment steps in an ideal way.
The prevalence of anxiety was found to be between 5% and 20.6% in studies conducted with children in different age groups who underwent different dental treatments in various countries. The way children show their dental concerns may vary according to age groups. In children with dental anxiety, increased heart rate, changes in breathing, sweating, abdominal pain, tremor, nausea, dry mouth, crying, restlessness, and distraction are frequently observed during dental treatment. In order to progress and complete the steps of dental treatment, anxiety can be managed non-pharmacologically with pharmacological methods such as sedation and general anesthesia, aromatherapy, music therapy, visual and auditory distraction and hypnosis by watching videos during treatment.
Keywords: Dental anxiety, Dental fear, Child

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dental anxiety, Dental fear, Child

Etik Beyan

This article is not the version of a presentation. This article has not been prepared on the basis of a master’s/ doctoral thesis. It is declared that during the preparation process of this study, scientific and ethical principles were followed and all the studies benefited are stated in the bibliography.

Çocuklarda Dental Anksiyete: Başarılı Dental Tedavinin Önündeki Engel

Öz

ÖZET

Dental anksiyete; her türlü dental işleme karşı kaynağı belli olmaksızın duyulan yoğun endişe olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Çocuklarda dental anksiyete; bilinmeyene karşı duyulan korku ve tedaviyi kontrol etme fırsatının olmamasıyla yakından ilişkilidir. Çocuğun yanısıra hekim için de fizyolojik ve psikolojik problemlere yol açabilen dental anksiyete, çocukların randevularına gelmelerini ve tedavi basamaklarının ideal şekilde uygulanmasını engelleyerek ağız ve diş sağlığı problemlerine neden olmaktadır. Anksiyetenin ve korkunun nörobiyolojisinde rol oynayan en önemli nöroanatomik oluşum amigdaladır. Amigdala potansiyel tehditleri kontrol ederek hipotalamusla yaptığı bağlantılarıyla sempatik sinir sisteminin aktivasyonunu sağlar; merkezi orta beyinle yaptığı bağlantılarıyla da savaş ya da kaç gibi davranışsal savunma yanıtlarını oluşturur.

Çeşitli ülkelerde farklı yaş gruplarındaki farklı dental tedaviler uygulanan çocuklarda yapılan çalışmalarda anksiyete prevalansının %5-%20,6 arasında olduğu saptanmıştır. Çocukların dental kaygılarını gösterme şekilleri yaş gruplarına göre değişebilmektedir. Diş tedavilerinin karşısındaki en yaygın küresel engellerden biri olan dental anksiyeteye neden olan faktörler; dental, çevresel ve bireysel olmak üzere 3 başlıkta gruplandırılabilir.

Dental kaygıya sahip çocuklarda diş tedavisi esnasında kalp hızında artış, nefes almada değişiklik, terleme, karın ağrısı, titreme, mide bulantısı, ağız kuruluğu, ağlama, huzursuzluk, dikkat dağınıklığı sıklıkla görülmektedir. Dental tedavi işlem basamaklarının ilerleyebilmesi ve tamamlanabilmesi için anksiyete, sedasyon ve genel anestezi gibi farmakolojik, aromaterapi, müzik terapisi, tedavi esnasında video izleterek görsel ve işitsel olarak dikkat dağıtma ve hipnoz gibi yöntemlerle nonfarmakolojik olarak yönetilebilmektedir.

Anahtar Sözcükler: dental anksiyete, dental korku, çocuk



ABSTRACT

Dental anxiety is defined as intense anxiety about any dental procedure without an obvious source. Dental anxiety in children is closely related to the fear of the unknown and the lack of opportunity to control the treatment. Dental anxiety, which can cause physiological and psychological problems for the physician as well as the child, causes oral and dental health problems by preventing children from coming to their appointments and applying the treatment steps in an ideal way. The most important neuroanatomical formation that plays a role in the neurobiology of anxiety and fear is the amygdala. By controlling potential threats, the amygdala provides the activation of the sympathetic nervous system with its connections with the hypothalamus; with its connections with the central midbrain, it creates behavioral defense responses such as fight or flight.

The prevalence of anxiety was found to be between 5% and 20.6% in studies conducted with children in different age groups who underwent different dental treatments in various countries. The way children show their dental concerns may vary according to age groups. Factors causing dental anxiety, one of the most common global barriers to dental treatments; can be grouped under 3 headings as dental, environmental and individual.

In children with dental anxiety, increased heart rate, changes in breathing, sweating, abdominal pain, tremor, nausea, dry mouth, crying, restlessness, and distraction are frequently observed during dental treatment. In order to progress and complete the steps of dental treatment, anxiety can be managed non-pharmacologically with pharmacological methods such as sedation and general anesthesia, aromatherapy, music therapy, visual and auditory distraction and hypnosis by watching videos during treatment.

Keywords: dental anxiety, dental fear, child

Anahtar Kelimeler

dental anksiyete, dental korku, çocuk

Etik Beyan

Bu makale, sempozyum ya da kongrede sunulan bir tebliğin içeriği geliştirilerek ve kısmen değiştirilerek üretilmemiştir. Bu çalışma, yüksek lisans ya da doktora tezi esas alınarak hazırlanmamıştır. Bu çalışmanın hazırlanma sürecinde bilimsel ve etik ilkelere uyulduğu ve yararlanılan tüm çalışmaların kaynakçada belirtildiği beyan olunur.

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