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Urban Environment, Aging, and Quality of Life: Kayseri Case

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 207 - 233, 06.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.26650/senectus.2023.1.2.0017

Öz

This study aimed to investigate the quality of life of the elderly living in urban environments from the perspective of environmental gerontology, which examines the association between the individual and the environment. Studies have examined the relationship between quality of life and the environment in old age in terms of the physical characteristics of the environment in the field of health and quantitative methodology. Conversely, the present study focuses on the perspectives of the elderly, considering the quality of life as a phenomenon that can be shaped by the socio-physical and socio-cultural environment in which individuals live. This study selected Kayseri, one of the most developed cities in Central Anatolia with a culturally conservative social structure, as the environment and used a basic qualitative research design. A total of 20 participants, including 7 women and 13 men, aged between 65 and 80 years, underwent in-depth interviews using semi-structured interview forms. The study result indicated that the quality of life was interpreted in the context of economic status, health status, perception of old age, physical-built environment, and cultural environment. The quality of life among the elderly means having the opportunity to socialize in their known and familiar environment, preserving their cultural and traditional values, being respected, accessing health institutions easily, obtaining physical health and economic competence, and having their opinions considered in urban decision-making processes. Additionally, it indicates that all these processes are accompanied by the preservation of Kayseri’s traditions and identities.

Kaynakça

  • Alidoust, S., Bosman, C., & Holden, G. (2017). Talking while walking: an investigation of perceived neighbourhood walkability and its implications for the social life of older people. Journal of Housing and the BuiltEnvironment, 33(1), 133-150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10901-017-9558-1 google scholar
  • Andrews, G. J., Evans, J., & Wiles, J. L. (2013). Re-spacing and re-placing gerontology: relationality and affect. Ageing & Society, 33, 1339-1373. google scholar
  • Baş, Ş. A. (2019). evde yaşayan yaşlıların aktif yaşlanma ve yaşam kalitesi yönünden değerlendirilmesi: Nazilli örneği (Yüksek lisans tezi, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Aydın). https://tez.yok.gov.tr/ UlusalTezMerkezi/ google scholar
  • Cantekin, Ö. F. (2020). kentsel yaşam olanaklarının yaşlılara uygunluğuna ilişkin yaşlı görüşleri. Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 24(1), 29-40. google scholar
  • Çukur, D., & Ergin, Ş. (2008). Yaşlılık döneminin “öteki”leştirilmesi sorununun kentsel - sosyal altyapı bağlamında irdelenmesi. Yaşlı Sorunları Araştırma Dergisi, 1(2), 107-120. google scholar
  • Düzenli, T. & Alpak, E. M. (2017). Yaşlıların Kentsel açık mekân kullanımlarının incelenmesi: Trabzon kenti örneği. Yaşlı Sorunları Araştırma Dergisi, 10(2), 1-8. google scholar
  • Ergun, C. & Dericioğulları Ergun, A. (2020). Harvey’in mekân tartışmaları ekseninde yaşlıların gözünden kentsel dönüşüm. Akademik Hassasiyetler Dergisi, 7(14), 121-145. google scholar
  • Friedman, D. E., Parikh, N. U., Giunta, N., Fahs, M. C., & Gallo, W. T. (2011). The influence of neighborhood factors on the quality of life of older adults attending New York City senior centers: results from the Health Indicators Project. Quality of Life Research, 21(1), 123-131. https://doi. org/10.1007/s11136-011-9923-6 google scholar
  • Fry, P. S. (2000). Guest editorial: Aging and Quality of Life (QOL)—The continuing search for quality of life indicators. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 50(4), 245-261. https://doi.org/10.2190/44NJ-K9YQ-H44X-H3HV google scholar
  • Geboy, L. D., Moore, K. D., & Smith, E. K. (2012). Environmental Gerontology for the Future: Community-Based Living For the Third Age. Journal of Housing for the Elderly, 26(1-3), 4461. https://doi.org/10.1080/02763893.2012.651375 google scholar
  • Glesne, C. (2013). Nitel araştırmalara giriş (A. Ersoy & P. Yakçınoğlu, çev. ed.). Anı Yayıncılık. google scholar
  • Gobbens, R., & Van Assen, M. A. (2017). Associations of environmental factors with quality of life in older adults. Gerontologist, 58(1), 101-110. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnx051 google scholar
  • Golant, S. M. (2017). Explaining the ageing in place realities of older adults. In Routledge eBooks (pp. 189-202). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315281216-15 google scholar
  • Görgün Baran, A. (2018). Yaşlılıkta sosyalizasyon ve yaşam kalitesi. Yaşlı Sorunları Araştırma Dergisi, 2, 86-97. google scholar
  • Hopkins, P., & Pain, R. (2007). Geographies of age: Thinking relationally. Area, 39(3), 287-294. google scholar
  • Kahana, E., Lovegreen, L., Kahana, B., & Kahana, M. (2003). Person, environment, and person-environment fit as influences on residential satisfaction of elders. Environment And Behavior, 35(3), 434-453. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916503251447 google scholar
  • Keleş, R. (2012). The quality of life and the environment. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 35, 23-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.02.059 google scholar
  • Lawton, M. P. (1983). Environment and other determinants of Weil-Being in older people. Gerontologist, 23(4), 349-357. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/23.4.349 google scholar
  • Lawton, M. P. (1991). A multidimensional view of quality of life in frail elders. In J. E. Birren, J. E. Lubben, J. C. Rowe, & D. E. Deutchman (Eds.), The concept and measurement of quality of life in the frail elderly (pp. 3-27). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-101275-5.50005-3 google scholar
  • Lawton, M. P., Nahemow, L., & Tsong-Min-Yeh. (1980). Neighborhood environment and the wellbeing of older tenants in planned housing. International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 11(3), 211-227. https://doi.org/10.2190/2bq7-71jt-v7nn-j9v6 google scholar
  • Levasseur, M., Tribble, D. S., & Desrosiers, J. (2009). Meaning of quality of life for older adults: Importance of human functioning components. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 49(2), e91-e100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2008.08.013 google scholar
  • Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2016). Qualitative research: a guide to design and implementation (4th ed.). Jossey-Bass. google scholar
  • Milligan C., & Tarrant, A. (2017). Social and cultural geographies of ageing. In M. W. Skinner, G. google scholar
  • J. Andrews, & M. P. Cuthin (Eds.), Geographical gerontology: perspectives, concepts, approaches (pp. 43-55). Routledge. google scholar
  • Moore, K. D. (2014). An ecological framework of place: situating environmental gerontology within a life course perspective. International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 79(3), 183209. https://doi.org/10.2190/ag.79.3.a google scholar
  • Morre, K. D. (2017). Environment and ageing. In M. W. Skinner, G. J. Andrews, & M. P. Cuthin (Eds.), Geographical gerontology: Perspectives, concepts, approaches (pp. 80-90). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315281216 google scholar
  • Özen, Y. & Gül, A. (2007). Sosyal ve eğitim bilimleri araştırmalarında evren-örneklem sorunu. Kazım Karabekir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 15, 394-422. google scholar
  • Öztürk, A. Ç. & Turan Kızıldoğan, E. (2017). Yaşlı bireylerin kentsel/kamusal mekânları kullanım analizi: Eskişehir örneği. Yaşlı Sorunları Araştırma Dergisi, 10(1), 1-13. google scholar
  • Pamuk, D. (2017). Sosyal, psikolojik ve fiziksel çevrenin yaşlılıkta yaşam kalitesi üzerine etkisi: Antalya örneği (Yüksek lisans tezi, Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Antalya). https://tez.yok.gov.tr/ UlusalTezMerkezi/ google scholar
  • Phillipson, C., & Grenier, A. (2021). Urbanization and Ageing: Ageism, inequality, and the future of “Age-Friendly” cities. University of Toronto Quarterly, 90(2), 225-241. https://doi.org/10.3138/ utq.90.2.11 google scholar
  • Rantakokko, M., Iwarsson, S., Kauppinen, M., Leinonen, R., Heikkinen, E., & Rantanen, T. (2010). Quality of life and barriers in the urban outdoor environment in old age. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 58(11), 2154-2159. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03143.x google scholar
  • Richard, L., Gauvin, L., Gosselin, C., & Laforest, S. (2008). Staying connected: neighbourhood correlates of social participation among older adults living in an urban environment in Montreal, Quebec. Health Promotion International, 24(1), 46-57. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dan039 google scholar
  • Richard, L., Laforest, S., Dufresne, F., & Sapinski, J. P. (2005). The quality of life of older adults living in an urban environment: professional and lay perspectives. Canadian Journal on Aging, 24(1), 19-30. google scholar
  • Rowles, G. D. (2017). Explaining the ageing in place realities of older adults. In M. W. Skinner, G. J. Andrews, & M. P. Cuthin (Eds.), Geographical gerontology: Perspectives, concepts, approaches (pp. 189-202). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315281216-15 google scholar
  • Scharlach, A. E. (2017). Aging in Context: Individual and Environmental Pathways to Aging-Friendly Communities—The 2015 Matthew A. Pollack Award Lecture. Gerontologist, 57(4), 606618. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnx017 google scholar
  • Scharlach, A. E., & Diaz Moore, K. (2016). Aging in place. In V. L. Bengtson, R. A. Settersten (Eds.), Handbook of theories of aging (3rd ed., pp. 473-493). Springer Publishing Company. google scholar
  • Scheidt, R. J., & Windley, P. G. (2006). Environmental gerontology: progress in the post-lawton era. In J. E. Birren & K. W. Schaie (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of aging (6th ed., pp. 105-125). Elsevier. google scholar
  • Smith, A. E. (2009). Ageing in urban neighbourhoods. Policy Press. google scholar
  • Stephens, C., Szabo, Â., Allen, J., & Alpass, F. (2018b). Livable environments and the quality of life of older people: An ecological perspective. Gerontologist, 59(4), 675-685. https://doi. org/10.1093/geront/gny043 google scholar
  • Şentürk, M. (2019). Yeni kentleşme dinamikleri ve kentte yaşlılık. D. Danış & A. Y. Adanalı (Ed.), Mekânda adalet ve yaşlılık içinde (s. 61-69). Beyond. google scholar
  • Teddlie, C., & Tashakkori, A. (2020). Karma yöntem araştırmalarının temelleri (Y. Dede & S. B. Demir, çev. ed.). Anı Yayıncılık. google scholar
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2015). İllerde Yaşam Endeksi. Yazar. google scholar
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2022). Bina ve Konut Nitelikleri Araştırması. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/ Index?p=Bina-ve-Konut-Nitelikleri-Arastirmasi-2021-45870#:~:text=T%C3%BCrkiye’deki%20 hanehalklar%C4%B1n%C4%B1n%20%17%2C,ise%20%259%2C5%20oldu google scholar
  • United Nations. (2019). World Population Aging, Highlights. https://www.un.org/en/development/ desa/population/publications/pdf/ageing/WorldPoWorldPopulatio2019-Highlights.pdf google scholar
  • Wahl, H. W., & Oswald, F. (2010). Environmental perspectives on ageing In D. Dannifer & C. Phillipson (Eds.), The Sage handbook of social gerontology (pp. 111-124). Sage. google scholar
  • Wahl, H. W., Mollenkopf, H., Oswald, F., & Claus, C. (2007). Environmental aspects of quality of life in old age: conceptual and empirical issues. In H. Mollenkopf & A. Walker (Eds.), Quality of life in old age international and multi-disciplinary perspectives (pp. 101-122). Springer. google scholar
  • Wahl, H.-W., & Lang, F. R. (2004). Aging in context across the adult life: Integrating physical and social research perspectives. In H.-W. Wahl, R. Scheidt, & P. G. Windley (Eds.), Aging in context: Socio-physical environments. AnnualReview of Gerontology andGeriatrics (pp. 1-33). Springer. google scholar
  • Wanka, A., Moulaert, T., & Drilling, M. (2018). From environmental stress to spatial expulsion -rethinking concepts of socio-spatial exclusion in later life. International Journal of Ageing and Later Life, 12(2), 25-51. https://doi.org/10.3384/ijal.1652-8670.18-402 google scholar
  • Yabuwaki, K., Yamada, T., & Shigeta, M. (2008). Reliability and validity of a Comprehensive Environmental Questionnaire for community-living elderly with healthcare needs. Psychogeriatrics, 8(2), 66-72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-8301.2008.00230.x google scholar

Kentsel Çevre, Yaşlanma ve Yaşam Kalitesi: Kayseri Örneği

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 207 - 233, 06.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.26650/senectus.2023.1.2.0017

Öz

Bu çalışma birey-çevre ilişkisini inceleyen çevresel gerontoloji perspektifiyle kentte yaşayan yaşlıların yaşam kalitelerini araştırmaktadır. Yaşlılıkta yaşam kalitesi ve çevre arasındaki ilişki genellikle çevrenin fiziksel özellikleriyle, sağlık alanında ve nicel metodoloji etrafında incelenmiştir. Bu çalışma ise yaşam kalitesinin bireylerin içerisinde yaşadığı sosyofiziksel ve sosyokültürel çevreyle şekillenebilecek bir olgu olmasından hareketle, yaşlıların kendi perspektiflerine odaklanmaktadır. Evren olarak Orta Anadolu’nun en gelişmiş kentlerinden biri olan ve kültürel olarak da kapalı bir toplumsal yapıya sahip olan Kayseri’nin seçildiği çalışmada temel nitel araştırma deseni kullanılmıştır. Yaşları 65 ile 80 arasında değişen, 7’si kadın, 13’ü erkek olmak üzere toplam 20 kişiyle yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formları ile derinlemesine mülakatlar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonunda yaşam kalitesinin ekonomik durum, sağlık durumu, yaşlılık algısı, fiziksel-yapılı çevre ile kültürel çevre bağlamında anlamlandırıldığı görülmüştür. Yaşlılar açısından yaşam kalitesi; bildikleri ve alışık oldukları çevrede sosyalleşebilecek imkânlarının olması, kültürel ve geleneksel değerlerinin korunması, saygı görme, rahat bir şekilde sağlık kuruluşlarına ulaşabilme, bunun için fizikî sağlık ve ekonomik yeterliliklerinin yerinde olması ve kentsel karar alma süreçlerinde kendi fikirlerinin de alınması anlamına gelmektedir. Ayrıca tüm bu süreçlere Kayseri’nin geleneklerini ve benliklerini yansıtan bir çevre olarak sahiplenilmesi, ona aidiyetlik hissedilmesi ve korunmaya değer bir çevre olarak görülmesi de eşlik etmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Alidoust, S., Bosman, C., & Holden, G. (2017). Talking while walking: an investigation of perceived neighbourhood walkability and its implications for the social life of older people. Journal of Housing and the BuiltEnvironment, 33(1), 133-150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10901-017-9558-1 google scholar
  • Andrews, G. J., Evans, J., & Wiles, J. L. (2013). Re-spacing and re-placing gerontology: relationality and affect. Ageing & Society, 33, 1339-1373. google scholar
  • Baş, Ş. A. (2019). evde yaşayan yaşlıların aktif yaşlanma ve yaşam kalitesi yönünden değerlendirilmesi: Nazilli örneği (Yüksek lisans tezi, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Aydın). https://tez.yok.gov.tr/ UlusalTezMerkezi/ google scholar
  • Cantekin, Ö. F. (2020). kentsel yaşam olanaklarının yaşlılara uygunluğuna ilişkin yaşlı görüşleri. Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 24(1), 29-40. google scholar
  • Çukur, D., & Ergin, Ş. (2008). Yaşlılık döneminin “öteki”leştirilmesi sorununun kentsel - sosyal altyapı bağlamında irdelenmesi. Yaşlı Sorunları Araştırma Dergisi, 1(2), 107-120. google scholar
  • Düzenli, T. & Alpak, E. M. (2017). Yaşlıların Kentsel açık mekân kullanımlarının incelenmesi: Trabzon kenti örneği. Yaşlı Sorunları Araştırma Dergisi, 10(2), 1-8. google scholar
  • Ergun, C. & Dericioğulları Ergun, A. (2020). Harvey’in mekân tartışmaları ekseninde yaşlıların gözünden kentsel dönüşüm. Akademik Hassasiyetler Dergisi, 7(14), 121-145. google scholar
  • Friedman, D. E., Parikh, N. U., Giunta, N., Fahs, M. C., & Gallo, W. T. (2011). The influence of neighborhood factors on the quality of life of older adults attending New York City senior centers: results from the Health Indicators Project. Quality of Life Research, 21(1), 123-131. https://doi. org/10.1007/s11136-011-9923-6 google scholar
  • Fry, P. S. (2000). Guest editorial: Aging and Quality of Life (QOL)—The continuing search for quality of life indicators. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 50(4), 245-261. https://doi.org/10.2190/44NJ-K9YQ-H44X-H3HV google scholar
  • Geboy, L. D., Moore, K. D., & Smith, E. K. (2012). Environmental Gerontology for the Future: Community-Based Living For the Third Age. Journal of Housing for the Elderly, 26(1-3), 4461. https://doi.org/10.1080/02763893.2012.651375 google scholar
  • Glesne, C. (2013). Nitel araştırmalara giriş (A. Ersoy & P. Yakçınoğlu, çev. ed.). Anı Yayıncılık. google scholar
  • Gobbens, R., & Van Assen, M. A. (2017). Associations of environmental factors with quality of life in older adults. Gerontologist, 58(1), 101-110. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnx051 google scholar
  • Golant, S. M. (2017). Explaining the ageing in place realities of older adults. In Routledge eBooks (pp. 189-202). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315281216-15 google scholar
  • Görgün Baran, A. (2018). Yaşlılıkta sosyalizasyon ve yaşam kalitesi. Yaşlı Sorunları Araştırma Dergisi, 2, 86-97. google scholar
  • Hopkins, P., & Pain, R. (2007). Geographies of age: Thinking relationally. Area, 39(3), 287-294. google scholar
  • Kahana, E., Lovegreen, L., Kahana, B., & Kahana, M. (2003). Person, environment, and person-environment fit as influences on residential satisfaction of elders. Environment And Behavior, 35(3), 434-453. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916503251447 google scholar
  • Keleş, R. (2012). The quality of life and the environment. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 35, 23-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.02.059 google scholar
  • Lawton, M. P. (1983). Environment and other determinants of Weil-Being in older people. Gerontologist, 23(4), 349-357. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/23.4.349 google scholar
  • Lawton, M. P. (1991). A multidimensional view of quality of life in frail elders. In J. E. Birren, J. E. Lubben, J. C. Rowe, & D. E. Deutchman (Eds.), The concept and measurement of quality of life in the frail elderly (pp. 3-27). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-101275-5.50005-3 google scholar
  • Lawton, M. P., Nahemow, L., & Tsong-Min-Yeh. (1980). Neighborhood environment and the wellbeing of older tenants in planned housing. International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 11(3), 211-227. https://doi.org/10.2190/2bq7-71jt-v7nn-j9v6 google scholar
  • Levasseur, M., Tribble, D. S., & Desrosiers, J. (2009). Meaning of quality of life for older adults: Importance of human functioning components. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 49(2), e91-e100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2008.08.013 google scholar
  • Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2016). Qualitative research: a guide to design and implementation (4th ed.). Jossey-Bass. google scholar
  • Milligan C., & Tarrant, A. (2017). Social and cultural geographies of ageing. In M. W. Skinner, G. google scholar
  • J. Andrews, & M. P. Cuthin (Eds.), Geographical gerontology: perspectives, concepts, approaches (pp. 43-55). Routledge. google scholar
  • Moore, K. D. (2014). An ecological framework of place: situating environmental gerontology within a life course perspective. International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 79(3), 183209. https://doi.org/10.2190/ag.79.3.a google scholar
  • Morre, K. D. (2017). Environment and ageing. In M. W. Skinner, G. J. Andrews, & M. P. Cuthin (Eds.), Geographical gerontology: Perspectives, concepts, approaches (pp. 80-90). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315281216 google scholar
  • Özen, Y. & Gül, A. (2007). Sosyal ve eğitim bilimleri araştırmalarında evren-örneklem sorunu. Kazım Karabekir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 15, 394-422. google scholar
  • Öztürk, A. Ç. & Turan Kızıldoğan, E. (2017). Yaşlı bireylerin kentsel/kamusal mekânları kullanım analizi: Eskişehir örneği. Yaşlı Sorunları Araştırma Dergisi, 10(1), 1-13. google scholar
  • Pamuk, D. (2017). Sosyal, psikolojik ve fiziksel çevrenin yaşlılıkta yaşam kalitesi üzerine etkisi: Antalya örneği (Yüksek lisans tezi, Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Antalya). https://tez.yok.gov.tr/ UlusalTezMerkezi/ google scholar
  • Phillipson, C., & Grenier, A. (2021). Urbanization and Ageing: Ageism, inequality, and the future of “Age-Friendly” cities. University of Toronto Quarterly, 90(2), 225-241. https://doi.org/10.3138/ utq.90.2.11 google scholar
  • Rantakokko, M., Iwarsson, S., Kauppinen, M., Leinonen, R., Heikkinen, E., & Rantanen, T. (2010). Quality of life and barriers in the urban outdoor environment in old age. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 58(11), 2154-2159. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03143.x google scholar
  • Richard, L., Gauvin, L., Gosselin, C., & Laforest, S. (2008). Staying connected: neighbourhood correlates of social participation among older adults living in an urban environment in Montreal, Quebec. Health Promotion International, 24(1), 46-57. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dan039 google scholar
  • Richard, L., Laforest, S., Dufresne, F., & Sapinski, J. P. (2005). The quality of life of older adults living in an urban environment: professional and lay perspectives. Canadian Journal on Aging, 24(1), 19-30. google scholar
  • Rowles, G. D. (2017). Explaining the ageing in place realities of older adults. In M. W. Skinner, G. J. Andrews, & M. P. Cuthin (Eds.), Geographical gerontology: Perspectives, concepts, approaches (pp. 189-202). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315281216-15 google scholar
  • Scharlach, A. E. (2017). Aging in Context: Individual and Environmental Pathways to Aging-Friendly Communities—The 2015 Matthew A. Pollack Award Lecture. Gerontologist, 57(4), 606618. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnx017 google scholar
  • Scharlach, A. E., & Diaz Moore, K. (2016). Aging in place. In V. L. Bengtson, R. A. Settersten (Eds.), Handbook of theories of aging (3rd ed., pp. 473-493). Springer Publishing Company. google scholar
  • Scheidt, R. J., & Windley, P. G. (2006). Environmental gerontology: progress in the post-lawton era. In J. E. Birren & K. W. Schaie (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of aging (6th ed., pp. 105-125). Elsevier. google scholar
  • Smith, A. E. (2009). Ageing in urban neighbourhoods. Policy Press. google scholar
  • Stephens, C., Szabo, Â., Allen, J., & Alpass, F. (2018b). Livable environments and the quality of life of older people: An ecological perspective. Gerontologist, 59(4), 675-685. https://doi. org/10.1093/geront/gny043 google scholar
  • Şentürk, M. (2019). Yeni kentleşme dinamikleri ve kentte yaşlılık. D. Danış & A. Y. Adanalı (Ed.), Mekânda adalet ve yaşlılık içinde (s. 61-69). Beyond. google scholar
  • Teddlie, C., & Tashakkori, A. (2020). Karma yöntem araştırmalarının temelleri (Y. Dede & S. B. Demir, çev. ed.). Anı Yayıncılık. google scholar
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2015). İllerde Yaşam Endeksi. Yazar. google scholar
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2022). Bina ve Konut Nitelikleri Araştırması. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/ Index?p=Bina-ve-Konut-Nitelikleri-Arastirmasi-2021-45870#:~:text=T%C3%BCrkiye’deki%20 hanehalklar%C4%B1n%C4%B1n%20%17%2C,ise%20%259%2C5%20oldu google scholar
  • United Nations. (2019). World Population Aging, Highlights. https://www.un.org/en/development/ desa/population/publications/pdf/ageing/WorldPoWorldPopulatio2019-Highlights.pdf google scholar
  • Wahl, H. W., & Oswald, F. (2010). Environmental perspectives on ageing In D. Dannifer & C. Phillipson (Eds.), The Sage handbook of social gerontology (pp. 111-124). Sage. google scholar
  • Wahl, H. W., Mollenkopf, H., Oswald, F., & Claus, C. (2007). Environmental aspects of quality of life in old age: conceptual and empirical issues. In H. Mollenkopf & A. Walker (Eds.), Quality of life in old age international and multi-disciplinary perspectives (pp. 101-122). Springer. google scholar
  • Wahl, H.-W., & Lang, F. R. (2004). Aging in context across the adult life: Integrating physical and social research perspectives. In H.-W. Wahl, R. Scheidt, & P. G. Windley (Eds.), Aging in context: Socio-physical environments. AnnualReview of Gerontology andGeriatrics (pp. 1-33). Springer. google scholar
  • Wanka, A., Moulaert, T., & Drilling, M. (2018). From environmental stress to spatial expulsion -rethinking concepts of socio-spatial exclusion in later life. International Journal of Ageing and Later Life, 12(2), 25-51. https://doi.org/10.3384/ijal.1652-8670.18-402 google scholar
  • Yabuwaki, K., Yamada, T., & Shigeta, M. (2008). Reliability and validity of a Comprehensive Environmental Questionnaire for community-living elderly with healthcare needs. Psychogeriatrics, 8(2), 66-72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-8301.2008.00230.x google scholar
Toplam 49 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sosyoloji (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Işıl Avşar Arık 0000-0002-3974-693X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 6 Ekim 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Avşar Arık, I. (2023). Kentsel Çevre, Yaşlanma ve Yaşam Kalitesi: Kayseri Örneği. Senectus, 1(2), 207-233. https://doi.org/10.26650/senectus.2023.1.2.0017