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OECD Ülkelerinde İşsizlik Histerisinin Ampirik Bir Analizi: Fourier Panel Durağanlık Testi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: Cilt 10, Sayı 1 Sayı: Sayı 1, 125 - 144, 19.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.32331/sgd.753027

Öz

İşsizlik toplumun her kesimini ilgilendiren büyük bir konudur. Yüksek işsizlik oranı hem arz hem de talep kanalıyla çeşitli problemlere sebebiyet verebilmektedir. Bu nedenle işsizlik oranının karakteristik özelliklerini analiz etmek oldukça önemlidir. İktisat teorisinde, işsizlik histerisi ve doğal oran hipotezleri yüksek işsizlik oranının geçici mi yoksa kalıcı mı olduğuna karar vermek için test edilmektedir. Bu çalışma 1991q1-2019q2 dönemi için 15 OECD ülkesinde işsizlik histerisinin geçerliliğini Bahmani-Oskooee, Chang ve Wu (2014) tarafından geliştirilen Fourier panel durağanlık testini kullanarak incelemektedir. Durağanlık testinin sonuçları panelin tamamı için işsizlik histerisi hipotezinin geçerliliğini desteklememektedir. Ancak, ülke özelindeki sonuçlar açısından, Almanya, Türkiye ve İspanya'da işsizlik histerisi geçerlidir. Bu bulgulara göre, hükümetler işsizlikle mücadele için makroekonomik politikaları etkin bir şekilde kullanabilirler. Aksine, geride kalan 12 OECD ülkesinde ise doğal oran hipotezi geçerlidir. Bu ülkeler için kısa süreli şokların işsizlik oranı üzerindeki etkileri geçicidir. Dolayısıyla, çalışmanın temel bulgusu 15 OECD üyesi ülkenin 12’si için fiili işsizlik oranlarının uzun dönemde doğal işsizlik oranı değerine geri döneceği göstermektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Arestis, P. ve Mariscal, I. B. F. (1999). Unit Roots and Structural Breaks in OECD Unemployment. Economics Letters. 65(2). 149-156. doi: 10.1016/S0165-1765(99)00131-7. Arestis, P. ve Mariscal, I. B. F (2000). OECD Unemployment: Structural Breaks and Stationarity. Applied Economics. 32(4). 399-403. doi: 10.1080/000368400322570. Ağazade, S. (2016). Türkiye için İşsizlik Histerisine Karşın Doğal Oran Hipotezinin Doğrusal Dışı Yöntemlerle Sınanması. Sosyal Güvenlik Dergisi. 6(2). 28-46. Bahmani-Oskooee, M., Chang, T. ve Wu, T. (2014). Revisiting Purchasing Power Parity in African Countries: Panel Stationary Test with Sharp and Smooth Breaks. Applied Financial Economics. 24(22). 1429-1438. doi: 10.1080/09603107.2014.925068. Bahmani-Oskooee, M., Chang, T. ve Wu, T. P. (2015). Purchasing Power Parity in Transition Countries: Panel Stationary Test with Smooth and Sharp Breaks. International Journal of Financial Studies. 3(2). 153-161. doi: 10.3390/ijfs3020153. Becker, R., Enders, W. ve Lee, J. (2006). A Stationarity Test in the Presence of an Unknown Number of Smooth Breaks. Journal of Time Series Analysis. 27(3). 381-409. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9892.2006.00478.x. Bekmez, S. ve Özpolat, A. (2016). Hysteresis Effect on Unemployment for Men and Women: A Panel Unit Root Test for OECD Countries. International Journal of Financial Research. 7(2). 122-133. doi: 10.5430/ijfr.v7n2p122. Blanchard, O. J. ve Summers, L. H. (1986). Hysteresis in Unemployment, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Deptartment of Economics 430. Breusch, T. S. ve Pagan, A. R. (1980). The Lagrange Multiplier Test and Its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics. The Review of Economic Studies. 47(1). 239-253. doi: 10.2307/2297111. Camarero, M. ve Tamarit, C. (2004). Hysteresis vs. Natural Rate of Unemployment: New Evidence for OECD Countries. Economics Letters. 84(3). 413-417. doi: 10.1016/j.econlet.2004.02.014. Camarero, M., Carrion‐i‐Silvestre, J. L. ve Tamarit. C. (2006). Testing for Hysteresis in Unemployment in OECD Countries: New Evidence Using Stationarity Panel Tests with Breaks. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics. 68(2). 167-182. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-0084.2006.00157.x. Canarella, G., Gupta, R., Miller, S. M. ve Pollard, S. K. (2019). Unemployment Rate Hysteresis and the Great Recession: Exploring the Metropolitan Evidence. Empirical Economics. 56(1). 61-79. doi: 10.1007/s00181-017-1361-z. Carrion‐i‐Silvestre, J. L., Del Barrio‐Castro, T. ve López‐Bazo, E. (2005). Breaking the Panels: An Application to the GDP Per Capita. The Econometrics Journal, 8(2). 159-175. doi: 10.1111/j.1368-423X.2005.00158.x. Chang, T. (2011). Hysteresis in Unemployment for 17 OECD Countries: Stationary Test with a Fourier Function. Economic Modelling. 28(5). 2208-2214. doi: 10.1016/j.econmod.2011.06.002 Darity Jr, W. ve Goldsmith, A. H. (1993). Unemployment, Social Psychology and Unemployment Hysteresis. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics. 16(1). 55-71. doi: 10.1080/01603477.1993.11489969 Dickey, D. A. ve Fuller, W. A. (1981). Likelihood Ratio Statistics for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society. 49(4). 1057-1072. doi: 10.2307/1912517. Enders, W. ve Lee, J. (2012). The Flexible Fourier form and Dickey–Fuller Type Unit Root Tests. Economics Letters. 117(1). 196-199. doi: 10.1016/j.econlet.2012.04.081. Ener, M. ve Arica, F. (2011). Is there Hysteresis in Unemployment in OECD Countries? Evidence from Panel unit Root Test with Structural Breaks. Chinese Business Review. 10(4). 294-304. Fosten, J. ve Ghoshray, A. (2011). Dynamic Persistence in the Unemployment Rate of OECD Countries. Economic Modelling. 28(3). 948-954. doi: 10.1016/j.econmod.2010.11.007. Friedman, M. (1968). The Role of Monetary Policy. American Economic Review. 58(1). 1–17. Gustavsson, M. ve Österholm, P. (2010). The Presence of Unemployment Hysteresis in the OECD: What Can We Learn from Out-of-Sample Forecasts? Empirical Economics. 38(3). 779-792. doi: 10.1007/s00181-009-0290-x. Lee, C. C. ve Chang, C. P. (2008). Unemployment Hysteresis in OECD Countries: Centurial Time Series Evidence with Structural Breaks. Economic Modelling. 25(2). 312-325. doi: 10.1016/j.econmod.2007.06.002 . Lee, J. D., Lee, C. C. ve Chang, C. P. (2009). Hysteresis in Unemployment Revisited: Evidence from Panel LM Unit Root Tests with Heterogeneous Structural Breaks. Bulletin of Economic Research. 61(4). 325-334. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8586.2008.00287.x. FRED (2019). FRED® Economic Data. [https://fred.stlouisfed.org/]. (Erişim: 17 Aralık 2019). Gallant, A. R. (1981). On the Bias in Flexible Functional Forms and an Essentially Unbiased form: The Fourier Flexible Form. Journal of Econometrics. 15(2). 211-245. doi: 10.1016/0304-4076(81)90115-9. Khraief, N., Shahbaz, M., Heshmati, A. ve Azam, M. (2020). Are Unemployment Rates in OECD Countries Stationary? Evidence from Univariate and Panel Unit Root Tests. The North American Journal of Economics and Finance. 51. 100838 doi: 10.1016/j.najef.2018.08.021. Kwiatkowski, D., Phillips, P. C., Schmidt, P. ve Shin, Y. (1992). Testing the Null Hypothesis of Stationarity Against the Alternative of a Unit Root: How Sure Are We that Economic Time Series Have a Unit Root? Journal of Econometrics. 54(1-3). 159-178. doi: 10.1016/0304-4076(92)90104-Y. Marques, A. M., Lima, G. T. ve Troster, V. (2017). Unemployment Persistence in OECD Countries After the Great Recession. Economic Modelling. 64. 105-116. doi: 10.1016/j.econmod.2017.03.014. Meng, M., Strazicich, M. C. ve Lee, J. (2017). Hysteresis in Unemployment? Evidence from Linear and Nonlinear Unit Root Tests and Tests With Non-Normal Errors. Empirical Economics. 53(4). 1399-1414. doi: 10.1007/s00181-016-1196-z Mitchell, W. F. (1993). Testing for Unit Roots and Persistence in OECD Unemployment Rates. Applied Economics. 25(12). 1489-1501. doi: 10.1080/00036849300000153 Murray, C. J. ve Papell, D. H. (2000). Testing For Unit Roots in Panels in the Presence of Structural Change with an Application to OECD Unemployment. Advances in Econometrics. 15. 223-238. Özcan, B. (2012). İşsizlik Histerisi Hipotezi OECD Ülkeleri için Geçerli mi? Yapısal Kırılmalı Birim Kök Analizi. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 40. 95-117. Papell, D. H., Murray, C. J. ve Ghiblawi, H. (2000). The Structure of Unemployment. Review of Economics and Statistics. 82(2). 309-315. doi: 10.1162/003465300558696 Perron, P. (1989). The Great Crash, the Oil Price Shock, and the Unit Root Hypothesis. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society. 57(6). 1361-1401. doi: 10.2307/1913712. Pesaran, M. H. 2004. General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels. Cambridge Working Papers in Economics No. 435. University of Cambridge and CESifo Working Paper Series No. 1229. Pesaran, M. H. ve Yamagata, T. (2008). Testing Slope Homogeneity in Large Panels. Journal of Econometrics. 142(1). 50-93. doi: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2007.05.010. Pesaran, M. H. (2015). Testing Weak Cross-Sectional Dependence in Large Panels. Econometric Reviews, 34(6-10). 1089-1117. doi: 10.1080/07474938.2014.956623. Phelps, E. S. (1967). Phillips Curves, Expectations of Inflation and Optimal Unemployment over Time. Economica. 34(135). 254-281. doi: 10.2307/2552025. Phelps, E. S. (1968). Money-Wage Dynamics and Labor-Market Equilibrium. Journal of Political Economy. 76(4). 678-711. doi: 10.1086/259438. Phelps, E. S. (1994). Structural Slumps: The Modern Equilibrium Theory of Unemployment, Interest and Assets. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Phelps, E. S. (1999). Behind This Structural Boom: The Role of Asset Valuations. American Economic Review. 89(2). 63-68. doi: 10.1257/aer.89.2.63. Phelps, E. S. ve Zoega, G. (1998). Natural-Rate Theory and OECD Unemployment. The Economic Journal. 108(448). 782-801. Pissarides, C. A. (1992). Loss of Skill During Unemployment and the Persistence of Employment Shocks. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 107(4). 1371-1391. doi: 10.2307/2118392. Røed, K. (1996). Unemployment Hysteresis-Macro Evidence From 16 OECD Countries. Empirical Economics. 21(4). 589-600. doi: 10.1007/BF01180703 Smyth, R. (2003). Unemployment Hysteresis in Australian States and Territories: Evidence from Panel Data Unit Root Tests. Australian Economic Review. 36(2). 181-192. doi: 10.1111/1467-8462.00278. Song, F. M. ve Wu, Y. (1998). Hysteresis in Unemployment: Evidence from OECD Countries. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance. 38(2). 181-192. doi: 10.1016/S1062-9769(99)80111-2. Tiraşoğlu, M. (2019). Unemployment Hysteresis Analysis for OECD Countries. Theoretical & Applied Economics. 4(621). 53-62. Yalçınkaya, Ö. ve Kaya, V. (2017). Doğal İşsizlik Oranı mı Yoksa İşsizlik Histerisi mi? OECD Ülkeleri için Yeni Nesil Panel Birim Kök Testlerinden Kanıtlar (1980-2015). Sosyal Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi. 17(33). 1-18. Yerdelen Tatoğlu, F. (2013). Panel Veri Ekonometrisi. 2. Baskı. Beta Yayınevi. İstanbul. Yilanci, V. (2008). Are Unemployment Rates Nonstationary or Nonlinear? Evidence from 19 OECD Countries. Economics Bulletin. 3(47). 1-5. Zivot, E. ve Andrews, D.W.K. (1992). Further Evidence on the Great Crash, the Oil Price Shock and the Unit-Root Hypothesis. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics. 10(3). 251-270. doi: 10.1198/073500102753410372.
Yıl 2020, Cilt: Cilt 10, Sayı 1 Sayı: Sayı 1, 125 - 144, 19.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.32331/sgd.753027

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Arestis, P. ve Mariscal, I. B. F. (1999). Unit Roots and Structural Breaks in OECD Unemployment. Economics Letters. 65(2). 149-156. doi: 10.1016/S0165-1765(99)00131-7. Arestis, P. ve Mariscal, I. B. F (2000). OECD Unemployment: Structural Breaks and Stationarity. Applied Economics. 32(4). 399-403. doi: 10.1080/000368400322570. Ağazade, S. (2016). Türkiye için İşsizlik Histerisine Karşın Doğal Oran Hipotezinin Doğrusal Dışı Yöntemlerle Sınanması. Sosyal Güvenlik Dergisi. 6(2). 28-46. Bahmani-Oskooee, M., Chang, T. ve Wu, T. (2014). Revisiting Purchasing Power Parity in African Countries: Panel Stationary Test with Sharp and Smooth Breaks. Applied Financial Economics. 24(22). 1429-1438. doi: 10.1080/09603107.2014.925068. Bahmani-Oskooee, M., Chang, T. ve Wu, T. P. (2015). Purchasing Power Parity in Transition Countries: Panel Stationary Test with Smooth and Sharp Breaks. International Journal of Financial Studies. 3(2). 153-161. doi: 10.3390/ijfs3020153. Becker, R., Enders, W. ve Lee, J. (2006). A Stationarity Test in the Presence of an Unknown Number of Smooth Breaks. Journal of Time Series Analysis. 27(3). 381-409. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9892.2006.00478.x. Bekmez, S. ve Özpolat, A. (2016). Hysteresis Effect on Unemployment for Men and Women: A Panel Unit Root Test for OECD Countries. International Journal of Financial Research. 7(2). 122-133. doi: 10.5430/ijfr.v7n2p122. Blanchard, O. J. ve Summers, L. H. (1986). Hysteresis in Unemployment, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Deptartment of Economics 430. Breusch, T. S. ve Pagan, A. R. (1980). The Lagrange Multiplier Test and Its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics. The Review of Economic Studies. 47(1). 239-253. doi: 10.2307/2297111. Camarero, M. ve Tamarit, C. (2004). Hysteresis vs. Natural Rate of Unemployment: New Evidence for OECD Countries. Economics Letters. 84(3). 413-417. doi: 10.1016/j.econlet.2004.02.014. Camarero, M., Carrion‐i‐Silvestre, J. L. ve Tamarit. C. (2006). Testing for Hysteresis in Unemployment in OECD Countries: New Evidence Using Stationarity Panel Tests with Breaks. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics. 68(2). 167-182. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-0084.2006.00157.x. Canarella, G., Gupta, R., Miller, S. M. ve Pollard, S. K. (2019). Unemployment Rate Hysteresis and the Great Recession: Exploring the Metropolitan Evidence. Empirical Economics. 56(1). 61-79. doi: 10.1007/s00181-017-1361-z. Carrion‐i‐Silvestre, J. L., Del Barrio‐Castro, T. ve López‐Bazo, E. (2005). Breaking the Panels: An Application to the GDP Per Capita. The Econometrics Journal, 8(2). 159-175. doi: 10.1111/j.1368-423X.2005.00158.x. Chang, T. (2011). Hysteresis in Unemployment for 17 OECD Countries: Stationary Test with a Fourier Function. Economic Modelling. 28(5). 2208-2214. doi: 10.1016/j.econmod.2011.06.002 Darity Jr, W. ve Goldsmith, A. H. (1993). Unemployment, Social Psychology and Unemployment Hysteresis. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics. 16(1). 55-71. doi: 10.1080/01603477.1993.11489969 Dickey, D. A. ve Fuller, W. A. (1981). Likelihood Ratio Statistics for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society. 49(4). 1057-1072. doi: 10.2307/1912517. Enders, W. ve Lee, J. (2012). The Flexible Fourier form and Dickey–Fuller Type Unit Root Tests. Economics Letters. 117(1). 196-199. doi: 10.1016/j.econlet.2012.04.081. Ener, M. ve Arica, F. (2011). Is there Hysteresis in Unemployment in OECD Countries? Evidence from Panel unit Root Test with Structural Breaks. Chinese Business Review. 10(4). 294-304. Fosten, J. ve Ghoshray, A. (2011). Dynamic Persistence in the Unemployment Rate of OECD Countries. Economic Modelling. 28(3). 948-954. doi: 10.1016/j.econmod.2010.11.007. Friedman, M. (1968). The Role of Monetary Policy. American Economic Review. 58(1). 1–17. Gustavsson, M. ve Österholm, P. (2010). The Presence of Unemployment Hysteresis in the OECD: What Can We Learn from Out-of-Sample Forecasts? Empirical Economics. 38(3). 779-792. doi: 10.1007/s00181-009-0290-x. Lee, C. C. ve Chang, C. P. (2008). Unemployment Hysteresis in OECD Countries: Centurial Time Series Evidence with Structural Breaks. Economic Modelling. 25(2). 312-325. doi: 10.1016/j.econmod.2007.06.002 . Lee, J. D., Lee, C. C. ve Chang, C. P. (2009). Hysteresis in Unemployment Revisited: Evidence from Panel LM Unit Root Tests with Heterogeneous Structural Breaks. Bulletin of Economic Research. 61(4). 325-334. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8586.2008.00287.x. FRED (2019). FRED® Economic Data. [https://fred.stlouisfed.org/]. (Erişim: 17 Aralık 2019). Gallant, A. R. (1981). On the Bias in Flexible Functional Forms and an Essentially Unbiased form: The Fourier Flexible Form. Journal of Econometrics. 15(2). 211-245. doi: 10.1016/0304-4076(81)90115-9. Khraief, N., Shahbaz, M., Heshmati, A. ve Azam, M. (2020). Are Unemployment Rates in OECD Countries Stationary? Evidence from Univariate and Panel Unit Root Tests. The North American Journal of Economics and Finance. 51. 100838 doi: 10.1016/j.najef.2018.08.021. Kwiatkowski, D., Phillips, P. C., Schmidt, P. ve Shin, Y. (1992). Testing the Null Hypothesis of Stationarity Against the Alternative of a Unit Root: How Sure Are We that Economic Time Series Have a Unit Root? Journal of Econometrics. 54(1-3). 159-178. doi: 10.1016/0304-4076(92)90104-Y. Marques, A. M., Lima, G. T. ve Troster, V. (2017). Unemployment Persistence in OECD Countries After the Great Recession. Economic Modelling. 64. 105-116. doi: 10.1016/j.econmod.2017.03.014. Meng, M., Strazicich, M. C. ve Lee, J. (2017). Hysteresis in Unemployment? Evidence from Linear and Nonlinear Unit Root Tests and Tests With Non-Normal Errors. Empirical Economics. 53(4). 1399-1414. doi: 10.1007/s00181-016-1196-z Mitchell, W. F. (1993). Testing for Unit Roots and Persistence in OECD Unemployment Rates. Applied Economics. 25(12). 1489-1501. doi: 10.1080/00036849300000153 Murray, C. J. ve Papell, D. H. (2000). Testing For Unit Roots in Panels in the Presence of Structural Change with an Application to OECD Unemployment. Advances in Econometrics. 15. 223-238. Özcan, B. (2012). İşsizlik Histerisi Hipotezi OECD Ülkeleri için Geçerli mi? Yapısal Kırılmalı Birim Kök Analizi. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 40. 95-117. Papell, D. H., Murray, C. J. ve Ghiblawi, H. (2000). The Structure of Unemployment. Review of Economics and Statistics. 82(2). 309-315. doi: 10.1162/003465300558696 Perron, P. (1989). The Great Crash, the Oil Price Shock, and the Unit Root Hypothesis. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society. 57(6). 1361-1401. doi: 10.2307/1913712. Pesaran, M. H. 2004. General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels. Cambridge Working Papers in Economics No. 435. University of Cambridge and CESifo Working Paper Series No. 1229. Pesaran, M. H. ve Yamagata, T. (2008). Testing Slope Homogeneity in Large Panels. Journal of Econometrics. 142(1). 50-93. doi: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2007.05.010. Pesaran, M. H. (2015). Testing Weak Cross-Sectional Dependence in Large Panels. Econometric Reviews, 34(6-10). 1089-1117. doi: 10.1080/07474938.2014.956623. Phelps, E. S. (1967). Phillips Curves, Expectations of Inflation and Optimal Unemployment over Time. Economica. 34(135). 254-281. doi: 10.2307/2552025. Phelps, E. S. (1968). Money-Wage Dynamics and Labor-Market Equilibrium. Journal of Political Economy. 76(4). 678-711. doi: 10.1086/259438. Phelps, E. S. (1994). Structural Slumps: The Modern Equilibrium Theory of Unemployment, Interest and Assets. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Phelps, E. S. (1999). Behind This Structural Boom: The Role of Asset Valuations. American Economic Review. 89(2). 63-68. doi: 10.1257/aer.89.2.63. Phelps, E. S. ve Zoega, G. (1998). Natural-Rate Theory and OECD Unemployment. The Economic Journal. 108(448). 782-801. Pissarides, C. A. (1992). Loss of Skill During Unemployment and the Persistence of Employment Shocks. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 107(4). 1371-1391. doi: 10.2307/2118392. Røed, K. (1996). Unemployment Hysteresis-Macro Evidence From 16 OECD Countries. Empirical Economics. 21(4). 589-600. doi: 10.1007/BF01180703 Smyth, R. (2003). Unemployment Hysteresis in Australian States and Territories: Evidence from Panel Data Unit Root Tests. Australian Economic Review. 36(2). 181-192. doi: 10.1111/1467-8462.00278. Song, F. M. ve Wu, Y. (1998). Hysteresis in Unemployment: Evidence from OECD Countries. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance. 38(2). 181-192. doi: 10.1016/S1062-9769(99)80111-2. Tiraşoğlu, M. (2019). Unemployment Hysteresis Analysis for OECD Countries. Theoretical & Applied Economics. 4(621). 53-62. Yalçınkaya, Ö. ve Kaya, V. (2017). Doğal İşsizlik Oranı mı Yoksa İşsizlik Histerisi mi? OECD Ülkeleri için Yeni Nesil Panel Birim Kök Testlerinden Kanıtlar (1980-2015). Sosyal Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi. 17(33). 1-18. Yerdelen Tatoğlu, F. (2013). Panel Veri Ekonometrisi. 2. Baskı. Beta Yayınevi. İstanbul. Yilanci, V. (2008). Are Unemployment Rates Nonstationary or Nonlinear? Evidence from 19 OECD Countries. Economics Bulletin. 3(47). 1-5. Zivot, E. ve Andrews, D.W.K. (1992). Further Evidence on the Great Crash, the Oil Price Shock and the Unit-Root Hypothesis. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics. 10(3). 251-270. doi: 10.1198/073500102753410372.
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Uğur Korkut Pata 0000-0002-2853-4106

Yayımlanma Tarihi 19 Haziran 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: Cilt 10, Sayı 1 Sayı: Sayı 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Pata, U. K. (2020). OECD Ülkelerinde İşsizlik Histerisinin Ampirik Bir Analizi: Fourier Panel Durağanlık Testi. Sosyal Güvenlik Dergisi, Cilt 10, Sayı 1(Sayı 1), 125-144. https://doi.org/10.32331/sgd.753027