GÜÇ DENGESİNDEKİ SOĞUK SAVAŞ SONRASI DEĞİŞİMİN ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTAKİ EGEMEN EŞİTLİK DİLİNE YANSIMASI

Yıl 2023, , 239 - 260, 31.07.2023

Abdullah Ahmet Buyuran

https://doi.org/10.30692/sisad.1283008

Öz

Dilin gücünü kullanan uluslararası hukuk, devlet etkileşimi için bir “lingua gentium” olmuş ve yüzyıllar boyunca da değişen bir dile sahip olmuştur. Uluslararası hukukun dilindeki değişim, uluslararası sistemin güç yapısına bağlı bulunmaktadır. Dünya düzeninin bipolar sisteminin ortadan kalkmasıyla birlikte birbiriyle rekabet eden iki model ortaya çıkmıştır. Bunlardan biri tek kutuplu ve Birleşik Devletlerden proje edilen yapı; diğeri ise çoğulcu Birleşmiş Milletlere dayalı dünya düzeni sistemidir. Bu iki yapı egemenliği kademelendirici söylemini muhatap kitlesine hem tek kutuplu ve Birleşik Devletler’den proje edilen yapının emperyal lisanıyla, hem de görünürde çoğulcu Birleşmiş Milletlere dayalı yapı altında egemenlik lisanı ile yöneltmiştir. Bu yüzden “yoz devlet” etiketi ile ortaya çıkan ve 19’uncu yüzyıl uluslararası toplumunu karakterize eden dışlama mantığı ve söyleminin yanı sıra, “başarısız devlet” söylemi ile bu mantık egemenlik söyleminin içerisine entegre edilmiş ve gelişen süreç içerisinde koruma sorumluluğu ile birlikte egemenlik kavramını yeniden inşa etmeye yönelmiştir. Bu makalede, Soğuk Savaş sonrasında güç dengesinde oluşan bozulma ile birlikte; uluslararası hukuk söyleminin dayandığı inşanın temel unsuru olan devletlerin egemen eşitliğine yönelik söylem değişimi incelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Güç Dengesi, Egemen Eşitlik, Uluslararası Hukuk, Söylem

The Reflection Of The Change In The Balance of Power After The Cold War On The Language Of Sovereign Equality

Öz

International law that make use of the power of language has been “a lingua gentium” for state interaction, and also had an ever-changing discourse for centuries. The change in the discourse of international law depends on the power configuration of the international system. With the disappearance of the bipolar system of the world order, two competing models emerged as a result of the end of the cold war and the dissolution of the Soviet Union. One of them is the unipolar structure designed from the United States; the other is the multipolar world order system based on the United Nations. These two structures directed their discourse that reject equal sovereignty to their audience, both in the imperial language of the unipolar structure projected from the United States, and in the language of sovereignty under the apparently pluralist United Nations-based structure. Therefore, in addition to the logic and discourse of exclusion, which emerged with the label of "rogue state" and has characterized the understanding in the international society of the 19th century; another logic of exclusion has emerged in the language of sovereignty with the discourse of "failed state," and in the developing further process, it has integrated with the responsibility to protect in order to reconstruct sovereignty. In this article, with the deterioration in the balance of power after the Cold War; The change in discourse towards sovereign equality of states, which is the basic element of the construction on which the discourse of international law is based, has been examined.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Balance of Power, Sovereign Equality, International Law, Discourse

Kaynakça

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