Çin’in Afrika Kriz Bölgelerindeki Dış Politikasının Analizi: Darfur ve Güney Sudan Örnekleri

Year 2020, Volume: 29 Issue: 1, 1 - 32, 30.03.2020

Ragıp Kutay Karaca Müge Yüce

https://doi.org/10.26650/siyasal.2020.29.1.0022

Abstract

Çin dış politikasında son yıllarda karşılıklı ilişkilerin en yüksek ivmeyi kazandığı kıta olarak Afrika ön plana çıkmaktadır. Öyle ki, Çin’in Sahraaltı Afrika’da yürüttüğü dış politikanın ekonomik boyutu Afrika’nın “yeni sömürgecilik” faaliyetlerine maruz bırakıldığı yönünde yorumlar yapılmasına yol açmaktadır. Çin dış politikasının Afrika açılımının temelini oluşturan ve “sömürgecilik” söylemlerine yol açan sebeplerin başında Çin’in bölge ülkeleri ile kurduğu enerji ilişkileri ile ticari ilişkilerin niteliği gelmektedir. Çin tarafından Sahraaltı Afrika ülkelerinin enerji sektörlerine yapılan dev yatırımlar ve Çin lehine fazla veren karşılıklı ticaret, Afrika ülkelerinin Çin’e bağımlı hale gelmelerine yol açmaktadır. Bu tek taraflı bağımlılık durumu, Çin’in Afrika’da alternatif güç ilişkileri kurmaya çalıştığı yönünde bir tehdit algısının oluşmasına zemin hazırlamaktadır. Fakat son yıllarda Çin’in Afrika’daki kriz bölgelerinde üstlenmiş olduğu arabuluculuk rolü ve bu krizlerin çözülmesi için uluslararası örgütlerle kurduğu iş birliği, Çin’e yönelik oluş(turul)an tehdit algısının yeniden yorumlanmasını gerektirmektedir. Nitekim 1990’lı yıllara kadar kriz bölgelerinde konuşlandırılacak BM Barışı Koruma Operasyonları’na karşı muhalif tutumundan taviz vermeyen Çin, 2019 itibariyle Afrika’da yürütülen yedi operasyondan beş tanesinde aktif şekilde yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada Çin’in Sahraaltı Afrika’da sürdürdüğü dış politika tarihsel açıdan ele alınmış ve Afrika’nın Çin dış politikasındaki yeri, Darfur ve Güney Sudan kriz bölgelerinde yürütülen BM Barışı Koruma Operasyonları’na verilen destek üzerinden açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.

Keywords

BM Barışı Koruma Operasyonları, Çin, Afrika, Kriz bölgeleri, Dış politika

Supporting Institution

Yazarlar bu çalışma için finansal destek almadığını beyan etmiştir.

Analysis of the Chinese Foreign Policy on the Crisis Regions in Africa: The Case Studies of Darfur and South Sudan

Abstract

Africa, as a continent with which China has intensified its bilateral relations most, has been at the forefront of the Chinese foreign policy in recent years. However, certain economic aspects of the Chinese foreign policy towards Sub-Saharan Africa have been construed by some as a sort of “neo-colonialism”. There are mainly differing aspects in China’s energy and trade relations with the countries in the region that cause these discourses on “colonialism”. The giant investments int the energy sectors of Sub-Saharan Africa countries and the trade-surplus in bilateral trade in favour of China make African countries dependent on China. Owing to this one-sided dependency, there are fears that China is seeking to establish alternative power relations in Africa. Having said that, Chinese efforts for mediation in crisis areas in Africa and its cooperation with international organizations for the resolution of conflicts require a re-assessment of these threats perceived from or constituted against China. For instance, although China opposed the deployment of UN Peacekeeping Operations in the crisis areas in 1990s, it has been actively taking part in five of seven operations as of 2019. In this article, a historical evaluation of the Chinese foreign policy towards Sub-Saharan Africa has been made, and the place of Africa in the Chinese policy has been explained with reference to support given to the UN Peacekeeping Operations in Darfur and South Sudan crisis areas.

Keywords

UN Peacekeeping Operations, China, Africa, Crisis regions, Foreign policy

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