Evaluation of Circular Economy Production and Consumption Indicators in the EU: A MEREC Based MARCOS Application

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 364 - 391, 30.09.2023

Nazlı Seyhan

https://doi.org/10.54733/smar.1338423

Cited By: 2

Öz

In this study, with the help of MARCOS (Measurement of alternatives and ranking according to compromise solution) method based on MEREC (Method based on the removel effects of criteria) method, production and consumption indicators and circular economy performances of 27 EU member countries were evaluated with the data of 2020. In the study; many production and consumption indicators, such as material footprint, resource productivity, consumption footprint, material import dependency, recyclable raw material trade, greenhouse gas emissions from production activities are discussed. As a result of the MEREC method it is seen that the most important criterion obtained is the recyclable raw material trade, and this criterion is followed by private investment and gross value added and cyclic material utilization rate related to circular economy sectors, respectively. According to the results of the MARCOS method, the countries with high performance according to the production and consumption indicators in the circular economy are Netherlands, Germany, France and Spain, respectively; The countries with low performance are Luxembourg, Finland, Malta, Cyprus and Estonia. According to the findings, it is seen that some countries transform very quickly in the transition to the circular economy, while some countries achieve a slower transition. It will be possible to carry out the transition process in a more controlled manner with some measures such as high taxation on non-recyclable wastes that countries can take, specifying a net time for businesses in the process of change, and innovative business models, especially for greenhouse gas emissions, and recovery projects.

Anahtar Kelimeler

circular economy, MEREC method, MARCOS method, EU

AB’de Döngüsel Ekonomi Üretim ve Tüketim Göstergelerinin Değerlendirilmesi: MEREC Temelli MARCOS Uygulaması

Öz

Bu çalışmada, MEREC (Method based on the removel effects of criteria) temelli MARCOS (Measurement of alternatives and ranking according to compromise solution) yöntemi kullanılarak 2020 yılı için AB üyesi 27 ülkenin döngüsel ekonomideki üretim ve tüketim performansları değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada; malzeme ayak izi, kaynak üretkenliği, tüketim ayak izi, malzeme ithalat bağımlılığı, geri dönüştürülebilir hammadde ticareti, üretim faaliyetlerinden kaynaklanan sera gazı emisyonu gibi birçok üretim ve tüketim göstergeleri ele alınmıştır. MEREC yöntemiyle elde edilen bulgularda en önemli kriterin geri dönüştürülebilir hammadde ticareti olduğu ve bu kriteri sırasıyla döngüsel ekonomi sektörleriyle ilgili özel yatırım ve brüt katma değer ve döngüsel malzeme kullanım oranı kriterlerinin takip ettiği görülmektedir. MEREC yöntemiyle belirlenen kriter ağırlıklarının kullanıldığı MARCOS yöntemi uygulaması sonuçlarına göre, döngüsel ekonomide üretim ve tüketim göstergelerine göre performansı yüksek olan ülkelerin sırası ile Hollanda, Almanya, Fransa ve İspanya; performansı düşük olan ülkelerin ise, Lüksemburg, Finlandiya, Malta, Kıbrıs ve Estonya olduğu görülmüştür. Elde edilen bulgularda döngüsel ekonomiye geçişte bazı ülkelerin çok hızlı dönüşüm gerçekleştirirken bazı ülkelerde bu geçişin daha yavaş olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ülkelerin alabileceği bazı tedbirler (geri kazanımı olmayan atıklarda yüksek vergilendirme vb., değişim sürecinde olan işletmelere net süre belirtilmesi) ve desteklerle (özellikle sera gazı emisyonu için yenilikçi iş modelleri, geri kazanım projeleri vb.) geçiş sürecinin daha kontrollü yapılabilmesi mümkün olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

döngüsel ekonomi, MEREC yöntemi, MARCOS yöntemi, AB

Kaynakça

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