Kabul Edilmemesi Gereken Toplumsal Bir Gerçek: Yakın Partner Şiddeti

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 334 - 347, 15.06.2020

Müge Bulut , Rahime Aslan , Hülya Arslantaş

https://doi.org/10.31832/smj.681134

Cited By: 2

Öz

Şiddet insanlık tarihinin ortaya çıkışından itibaren var olduğu düşünülen ve günümüzde de artarak devam eden bir olgudur. Yakın partner şiddeti de gittikçe artmakta olan toplumsal bir sorundur. Sağlık çalışanlarının bu toplumsal soruna müdahale edebilmeleri için sorunu tanımlayabilmeleri, nedenlerini, risk faktörlerini, etkilerini ve müdahale yöntemlerini bilmeleri önemlidir. Bu makalede yakın partner şiddetinin tanımından, yakın partner şiddetini açıklayan teorilerden, yakın partner şiddetinin yaygınlığı, nedenleri ve risk faktörlerinden, yakın partner şiddeti uygulayanların gösterdikleri davranış özelliklerinden, yakın partner şiddetinin etkilerinden, yakın partner şiddetini ölçmek için kullanılan ölçeklerden, Türkiye'de ve Dünya'da yapılmış araştırmalardan, yakın partner şiddeti ile başetme stratejilerinden ve önleme müdahalelerinden söz edilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

başetme, müdahale, yakın partner şiddeti

Destekleyen Kurum

BULUNMAMAKTADIR

Proje Numarası

BULUNMAMAKTADIR

Kaynakça

• 1. Uluocak Ş, Gökulu G, Bilir O. Kadına yönelik şiddetin önlenmesinde stratejik bir başlangıç noktası: Partner şiddeti. International Journal of Human Sciences 2014; 11(2):362-387.
• 2. Türk Dil Kurumu. Available from: http://sozluk.gov.tr/. Accessed: 21.05.2019
• 3. Dahlberg LL, Krug EG. Violence - a global public health problem. EG Krug, LL Dahlberg, JA Mercy (eds), In World report on violence and health. Geneva, World Health Organization; 2002.p.3-23.
• 4. Straus MA. Measuring ıntrafamily conflict and violence: the conflict tactics (ct) scales. Journal of Marriage and Family 1979; 41(1):75-88.
• 5. Arslan D. Aile içinde kadına yönelen şiddet ve İstanbul kadın misafirhanesi [Yükseklisans Tezi]. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi;1998.
• 6. Polat O. Şiddet. Marmara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Hukuk Araştırmaları Dergisi 2016;22(1):15-34.
• 7. Dişsiz M, Hotun Şahin N. Evrensel bir kadın sağlığı sorunu: kadına yönelik şiddet. Maltepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Bilim ve Sanatı Dergisi 2008;1(1):50-58.
• 8. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü, Türkiye'de kadına yönelik aile içi şiddet araştırması, 2015. Available from: http://www.hips.hacettepe.edu.tr/siddet2014.shtml. Accessed: 18.04.2019.
• 9. Heise L, Ellsberg M, Gottmoeller M. A global overview of gender-based violence. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2002;78(1):5-14.
• 10. World Health Organization. Health care for women subjected to intimate partner violence or sexual violence A clinical handbook - Field testing version. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2014. https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/violence/vaw-clinical-handbook/en/.
• 11. Niolon PH, Kearns M, Dills J, Rambo K, Irving S, Armstead T et al. Preventing Intimate Partner Violence Across the Lifespan: A Technical Package of Programs, Policies, and Practices. Atlanta, GA: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017.
• 12. Office for Victims of Crime, 2018. Available from: https://ovc.ncjrs.gov/ncvrw2018/fact_sheet.html. Accessed: 11.05.2019.
• 13. Dobash RE, Dobash RP. (1977). Wives: The appropriate victims of marital violence. Victimology 1977; 2:426−442.
• 14. Lenton RL. Power versus feminist theories of wife abuse. Canadian Journal of Criminology Special Issue: Focus on the Violence Against Women Survey 1995; 37:305−330.
• 15. Walker LE. The battered woman syndrome. New York: Springer, 1984.
• 16. Yllo K. Feminist perspectives on wife abuse. K. Yllo, M. Bograd (eds.) In: Political and Methodological Debates in Wife Abuse Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.;1985.p.28−50.
• 17. Mihalic SW, Elliott D. A social learning theory model of marital violence. Journal of Family Violence 1997;12:21−47.
• 18. Pence E, Paymar M. Education groups for men who batter. New York: Springer, 2006.
• 19. McMahon M, Pence E. Replying to Dan O'Leary. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 1996;11:452−455.
• 20. Leonard KE, Senchak M. Prospective prediction of husband marital aggression within newlywed couples. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1996;105:369−380.
• 21. Smith MD. Patriarchal ideology and wife beating: A test of a feminist hypothesis. Violence & Victims 1990;5:257−273.
• 22. Yllo K. Sexual equality and violence against wives in American states. Journal of Comparative Family Studies 1983;14: 67−86.
• 23. Yllo K, Straus MA. Patriarchy and violence against wives: The impact of structural and normative factors. Journal of International and Comparative Social Welfare 1984;1:1−13.
• 24. Straus MA. Sexual inequality, cultural norms, and wife-beating. Victimology 1976;1: 54−70.
• 25. Straus MA. Wife beating: How common and why?. Victimology 1977;2:443−458.
• 26. Straus MA, Gelles RJ, Steinmetz SK. Behind closed doors: Violence in the American family. Garden City, NJ: Doubleday, Anchor Press, 1980.
• 27. Witt DD. A conflict theory of family violence. Journal of Family Violence 1987;2:291−301.
• 28. Sagrestano LM, Heavey CL, Christensen A. Perceived power and physical violence in marital conflict. Journal of Social Issues 1999;55(1):65−79.
• 29. Cascardi M, Vivian D. Context for specific episodes of marital violence: Gender and severity of violence differences. Journal of Family Violence 1995;10:265−293.
• 30. Coleman DH, Straus MA. Marital power, conflict, and violence in a nationally representative sample of American couples. Violence & Victims 1986;1:141−157.
• 31. Gelles RJ. Violence in the family: A review of research in the seventies. Journal of Marriage & the Family 1980;42:873−885.
• 32. Gray-Little B, Baucom DH, Hamby SL. Marital power, marital adjustment, and therapy outcome. Journal of Family Psychology 1996;10:292−303.
• 33. Bandura A. Psychological modeling. Chicago, Aldine – Atherton, 1971.
• 34. Bandura A. Aggression: A social learning analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1973.
• 35. Bowen M. Family therapy in clinical practice. New York: Aronson, 1978.
• 36. Mihalic SW, Elliott D. A social learning theory model of marital violence. Journal of Family Violence 1997;12:21−47.
• 37. Lewis SF, Fremouw W. Dating violence: A critical review of the literature. Clinical Psychology Review 2001;21:105−127.
• 38. Hotaling GT, Sugarman DB. An analysis of risk markers in husband to wife violence: the current state of knowledge. Violence & Victims 1986;1:101−124.
• 39. Kalmuss D. The intergenerational transmission of marital aggression. Journal of Marriage and The Family 1984;46:11−19.
• 40. Shook NJ, Gerrity DA, Jurich J, Segrist AE. Courtship violence among college students: A comparison of verbally and physically abusive couples. Journal of Family Violence 2000;15:1−22.
• 41. Riggs DS, Caulfield MB, Street AE. Risk for domestic violence: factors associated with perpetration and victimization. Journal of Clinical Psychology 2000;56:1289−1316.
• 42. Riggs DS, O'Leary KD. A theoretical model of courtship aggression. MA Pirog-Good, JE Stets (eds). In: Violence in dating relationships: Emerging social issues. New York: Praeger Publishers;1989.p.53−71.
• 43. Ehrensaft MK, Vivian D. Is partner aggression related to appraisals of coercive control by a partner? Journal of Family Violence 1999;14:251−266.
• 44. Riggs DS, Caulfield MB. Expected consequences of male violence against their female dating partners. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 1997;12:229−240.
• 45. Scott KL. Predictors of change among male batterers: application of theories and review of empirical findings. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 2004;5:260−284.
• 46. Riggs DS, O'Leary KD. Aggression between heterosexual dating partners: An examination of a causal model of courtship aggression. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 1996;11:519−540.
• 47. Dutton DG. Male abusiveness in intimate relationships. Clinical Psychology Review 1995;15:567−581.
• 48. Holtzworth-Munroe A, Stuart GL. Typologies of male batterers: Three subtypes and the differences among them. Psychological Bulletin 1994;116:476−497.
• 49. Garcia-Moreno C, Jansen HAFM, Ellsberg M, Heise L, Watts C. WHO multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence against women: initial results on prevalence, health outcomes and women’sresponses. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2005.
• 50. Kishor S, Johnson K. Profiling domestic violence – a multi-country study. Calverton, Maryland: ORC Macro, 2004.
• 51. Hindin MJ, Kishor S, Ansara LD. Intimate partner violence among couples in 10 DHS countries: predicotrs and health outcomes. DHS Analytical Studies 18. Calverton, MD, Macro International Inc, 2008.
• 52. Bott S, Guedes A, Goodwin M, Mendoza JA. Violence Against Women in Latin America and the Caribbean: A comparative analysis of population-based data from 12 countries. Washington, DC: Pan American Health Organization, 2012.
• 53. Heise L, Garcia Moreno C. Violence by intimate partners. EG Krug, LL Dahlberg, JA Mercy (eds). In World report on violence and health. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2002.p.87-121.
• 54. World Health Organization/London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Preventing intimate partner and sexual violence against women: taking action and generating evidence. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2010.
• 55. Johnson KB, Das MB. Spousal violence in Bangladesh as reported by men: prevalence and risk factors. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 2009;24(6):977–95.
• 56. Abramsky T, Watts CH, Garcia-Moreno C, Devries K, Kiss L, Ellsberg M et al. What factors are associated with recent intimate partner violence? findings from the WHO multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence. BMC Public Health 2011;11:109.
• 57. Chan KL. Sexual violence against women and children in Chinese societies. Trauma, Violence & Abuse 2009;10(1):69–85.
• 58. Campbell JC, Soeken KL. Forced sex and intimate partner violence. Violence Against Women 1999;5(9):1017–35.
• 59. Campbell JC. Health consequences of intimate partner violence. Lancet, 2002,359(9314):1331–36.
• 60. Dahlberg LL, Toal SB, Swahn HM, Behrens CB. Measuring Violence-Related Attitudes, Behaviors and Influences Among Youths: A Compendium of Assesment Tools (2.Baskı). Atlanta, G.A: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Incury Prevention and Control, 2005.
• 61. Sezer Ö. Çiftler arası şiddeti kabul ölçeğinin türkçeye uyarlanması: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 2008;9(16):1-15.
• 62. Güven T. Eşler arası şiddete yönelik nedensellik-sorumluluk yüklemeleri ve evlilik doyumu [Yükseklisans Tezi]. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü;2010.
• 63. Yun SH, Vonk ME. Development and initial validation of the intimate violence responsibility scale. Research on Social Work Practice 2011;21(5):562- 571.
• 64. Akın A, Gülşen M, Aşut S, Akca M. Yakın ilişkilerde şiddet sorumluluğu ölçeği Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 2012;12(2):175-184.
• 65. Kılınçer AS, Tuzgöl Dost M. Romantik ilişkiyi değerlendirme ölçeği’nin geliştirilmesi. Eğitimde ve Psikolojide Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Dergisi 2013;4(1):15-32.
• 66. Price EL, Byers ES, Dating Violence Research Team. The attitudes towards dating violence scales: development and ınitial validation. Journal of Family Violence 1999; 14(4):351-375.
• 67. Yumuşak A. Şahin R. Flörtte şiddete yönelik tutum ölçeklerinin güvenirlik ve geçerlik çalışması. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 2014;13(49):233-252.
• 68. Terzioğlu F, Gönenç İM, Özdemir F, Güvenç G, Kök G, Yılmaz Sezer N ve ark. Flört şiddeti tutum ölçeği geçerlilik ve güvenirlilik çalışması. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2016;19(4):225-232.
• 69. Smith BA, Thompson S, Tomaka J, Buchanan AC. Development of the ıntimate partner violence attitude scales (ıpvas) with a predominantly mexican american college sample. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 2005;27(4):442-454.
• 70. Fincham FD, Cui M, Braithwaite S, Pasley K. Attitudes toward intimate partner violence in dating relationships. Psychological Assessment 2008;20(3):260–269.
• 71. Toplu Demirtaş E, Hatipoğlu Sümer Z, Fincham FD. Intimate partner violence in Turkey: the Turkish ıntimate partner violence attitude scale-revised. Journal of Family Violence 2016. DOI 10.1007/s10896-016-9852-9.
• 72. Kocacık F, Doğan O. Domestic violence against woman in Sivas, Turkey; Survey study. Croatian Medical Journal 2006;47(5):742-749.
• 73. Vahip I, Doğanavşargil Ö. Aile içi fiziksel şiddet ve kadın hastalarımız. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi 2006;17(2):107-114.
• 74. Büyükgök D. Eşler Arasi Siddet: Belirleyicileri ve Ruh Sağlığına Etkileri [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Aydın: Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü;2007.
• 75. Sezgin H. Partneri tarafından şiddet görmüş ve kadın sığınma evinde barınan kadınların kullandıkları başetme yöntemleri ile algıladıkları sosyal desteğin ruhsal sağlıkları ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Adli Tıp Enstitüsü; 2007.
• 76. Güleç Öyekçin D, Yetim D, Şahin EM. Kadına yönelik farklı eş şiddeti tiplerini etkileyen psikososyal faktörler. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi 2012; 23(2):75-81.
• 77. Kepir Savoly D, Ulaş Ö, Demirtaş Zorbaz S. Üniversite öğrencilerinin çiftler arası şiddeti kabul düzeylerini etkileyen etmenler. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi 2014;5(42):173-183.
• 78. Gülmez G. Eşcinsel ilişkilerde partner şiddeti: içselleştirilmiş homofobi, sosyal destek düzeyi ve çeşitli demografik özellikler bakımından değerlendirilmesi [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. İstanbul: Okan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü;2018.
• 79. Han KM, Jee HJ, An H, Shin C, Yoon HK, Ko YH et al. Intimate partner violence and incidence of depression in married women: A longitudinal study of a nationally representative sample. Journal of Affective Disorders 2019;245: 305-311.
• 80. Türküm S. İyimserlik ve stresle başa çıkma. Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları, 1999.
• 81. Lazarus RS, Folkman S. Psychological stress and the coping process. New York, NY: Springer, 1984.
• 82. Eskin M. Sorun Çözme Terapisi. 1.Baskı. İstanbul: HYB Yayıncılık, 2009.
• 83. Waldrop AE, Resick PS. Coping among adult female victims of domestic violence. Journal of Family Violence 2004;19(5):291-302.
• 84. Bauman EM, Haaga DAF, Dutton MA. Coping with ıntimate partner violence: battered women's use and perceived helpfulness of emotion-focused coping strategies. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma 2008;17(1):23-41. DOI: 10.1080/10926770802250942
• 85. Lewis CS, Griffing S, Chu M, Jospitre T, Sage RE, Madry L, Primm BJ. Coping and violence exposure as predictors of psychological functioning in domestic violence survivors. Violence Against Women 2006;12(4):340-354.
• 86. Erdoğan S, Aktaş A, Bayram GO. Sığınma evinde yaşayan bir grup kadının şiddet deneyimleri ve baş etme yaklaşımları: Niteliksel bir çalışma. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi 2009;6(1):807-824.
• 87. Yoshihama M. Battered women’s coping strategies and psychological distress: differences by ımmigration status. American Journal of Community Psychology 2002; 30(3):429-452.
• 88. St. Vil NM, Sabri B, Nwokolo V, Alexander KA, Campbell JC. Aqualitative study of survival strategies used by low-ıncome black women who experience ıntimate partner. Social Work 2017;62(1): 63–71.
• 89. Anderson KM, Renner LM, Bloom TS. Rural women's strategic responses to ıntimate partner violence. Health Care for Women International 2014;35(4):423-441. DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2013.815757
• 90. Itimi K, Dienye PO, Gbeneol PK. Intimate partner violence and associated coping strategies among women in a primary care clinic in port harcourt, Nigeria. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 2014:3(3);193-198. DOI:10.4103/2249-4863.141601
• 91. Foster EL, Becho J, Burge SK, Talamantes MA, Ferrer RL, Wood RC et al. Coping with ıntimate partner violence: qualitative findings from the study of dynamics of husband to wife abuse. Families, Systems, & Health 2015;33(3):285-294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/fsh0000130
• 92. Wong JYH, Fong DYT, Choi AWM, Tiwari A, Chan KL. Problem-focused coping mediates the ımpact of ıntimate partner violence on mental health among chinese women. Psychology of Violence 2016;6(2):313-322.
• 93. Deuba K, Mainali A, Alvesson HM, Karki DK. Experience of intimate partner violence among young pregnant women in urban slums of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: a qualitative study. BMC Women's Health 2016;16(11). DOI 10.1186/s12905-016-0293-7
• 94. Wood SN, Glass N, Decker MR. An ıntegrative review of safety strategies for women experiencing ıntimate partner violence in low- and middle-ıncome countries. Trauma, Vıolence, & Abuse 2019;XX(X):1-15. DOI: 10.1177/1524838018823270
• 95. Mitchell MD, Hargrove GL, Collins MH, Thompson MP, Reddick TL, Kaslow NJ. Coping variables that mediate the relation between ıntimate partner violence and mental health outcomes among low-ıncome, african american women. Journal Of Clınıcal Psychology 2006;62(12):1503–1520. DOI: 10.1002/jclp.20305
• 96. Krause DE, Klatman S, Goodman LA, Dutton MA. Avoidant coping and ptsd symptoms related to domestic violence exposure: a longitudinal study. Journal of Traumatic Stress 2008;21(1):83-90. DOI: 10.1002/jts.20288
• 97. Flicker SM, Cerulli C, Swogger MT, Talbot NL.Depressive and posttraumatic symptoms among women seeking protection orders against ıntimate partners: relations to coping strategies and perceived responses to abuse disclosure. Violence Against Women 2012;18(4):420-436. DOI: 10.1177/1077801212448897
• 98. Reich CM, Blackwell N, Simmons CA, Beck JG.Social problem solving strategies and posttraumatic stress disorder inthe aftermath of intimate partner violence. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 2015;32:31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.02.007
• 99. Mengo C, Small E, Black B. Intimate partner violence and women’s mental health: the mediating role of coping strategies among women seeking help from the police. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 2017;00(0):1-25. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260517729402
• 100. Weiss NH, Johnson CD, Contractor A, Peasant C, Swan SC, Sullivan TP. Racial/Ethnic differences moderate associations of coping strategies and posttraumatic stress disorder symptom clusters among women experiencing partner violence: a multi group path analysis. Anxiety, Stress & Coping 2017;30(3):347–363. doi:10.1080/10615806.2016.1228900.
• 101. Calvete E, Corral S, Estévez A. Coping as a mediator and moderator between ıntimate partner violence and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Violence Against Women 2008;14(8):886-904.
• 102. Rizo FC, Givens A, Lombardi B. A systematic review of coping among heterosexual female IPV survivors in the United States with a focus on the conceptualization and measurement of coping. Aggression and Violent Behavior 2017;34:35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2017.03.006
• 103. Johnson DM, Palmieri PA, Jackson AP, Hobfoll SE. Emotional numbing weakens abused ınner-city women’s resiliency resources. Journal of Traumatic Stress 2007; 20(2):197-206. DOI: 10.1002/jts.20201
• 104. Iverson KM, Litwack SD, Pineles SL, Suvak MK, Vaughn RA, Resick PA.Predictors of ıntimate partner violence revictimization: the relative ımpact of distinct ptsd symptoms, dissociation, and coping strategies. Journal of Traumatic Stress 2013;26:102-110. DOI: 10.1002/jts.21781
• 105. Partners For Prevention 2017, http://www.partners4prevention.org/about-prevention/overview. 27.04.2019.
• 106. Sargın A. Kamu Kurumları ve Kadın Sivil Toplum Örgütleri İçin Kadına Yönelik Şiddet ile Mücadele ve Şiddete Uğrayan Kadınlara Destek Mekanizmaları, Kadın ve Kadın STK’larının Güçlendirilmesi Projesi, 2012.