COVID-19 ve Cerrahi Bakım

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 355 - 366, 30.06.2022

Dilek Aygin , Aysel Gül

https://doi.org/10.31832/smj.801011

Cited By: 1

Öz

COVID-19 enfeksiyonu yüksek morbidite ve mortalite oranlarıyla dünya çapında önemli bir sorun haline gelmiştir. Toplumlarda finansal ve insan kaynaklarının korunması noktasında birtakım zorunluluklara neden olmuştur. Pandemi, hastanelerde hem hasta güvenliğinin sağlanması ve bulaşın önlenmesi, hem de kaynakların etkin kullanımı amacıyla uygulanan cerrahi operasyonların sayısında da bir azalmayı beraberinde getirmiştir. Sağlık kuruluşlarında iyi bir organizasyon alt yapısı ve önleyici birtakım yaklaşımları zorunlu kılmıştır. Ortaya çıkan bu zorlu süreç karşısında birçok sağlık kuruluşu elektif operasyonların sayısında azalma/erteleme kararı almıştır. Ancak meydana gelen bu gelişmelere karşın birçok hastalığın tedavisinde cerrahi operasyonların gerekliliği devam etmiştir. Bu bağlamda hastaneler, etken virüsün bulaş ve yayılımında duyarlı alanlardan biri haline gelmiştir. Perioperatif bakım gerek acil gerekse elektif operasyonlarda bireylerin sağlığına ve cerrahinin başarısına katkı sağlayan önemli parametrelerden biridir. Pandemi ortamının yarattığı cerrahi süreç ve bakıma ilişkin birtakım kısıtlılıkların, dünya genelinde milyonlarca hasta üzerinde, kısa ve uzun vadede birçok istenmeyen etkiye yol açtığı bilinmektedir. Dolayısıyla olası bulaş potansiyeli yüksek sağlık kuruluşlarında alınacak birtakım önlem ve tedbirler hayat kurtarıcı ve elzemdir. Ancak bu süreçte, küresel düzeydeki cerrahi uygulamalara ilişkin eldeki veriler oldukça kısıtlıdır. Bu noktada literatürdeki mevcut, sınırlı sayıdaki çalışmanın varlığı dikkat çekicidir. Bu çalışma, şüpheli/enfekte hastaların cerrahi ve hemşirelik bakım süreçlerine ilişkin literatüre referans bir kaynak oluşturmak amacıyla yazılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

enfeksiyon, pandemi, hemşirelik bakımı, hemşire

Kaynakça

• 1. World Health Organization. (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Pandemic. Retrieved From https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019 (Accessed 17 April 2020).
• 2. Phua J, Weng L, Ling L, Egi M, Lim CM, Vasishtha Divatia J, et al. Intensive care management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): challenges and recommendations. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine May 2020, 8(5):506-517.
• 3. Wee LE, Fua TP, Chua YY, Ho AFW, Sim XYJ, Conceicao EP, et al. Containing COVID‐19 in the Emergency Department: The Role of Improved Case Detection and Segregation of Suspect Cases. Acad Emerg Med 2020 May; 27(5): 379–387.
• 4. Wong J, Goh QY, Tan Z, Lie SA, Tay YC, Ng SY, et al. Preparing for a COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review of Operating Room Outbreak Response Measures in a Large Tertiary Hospital in Singapore. Can J Anaesth 2020 Jun;67(6):732-745.
• 5. Brindle M, Gawande A. Managing COVID-19 in Surgical Systems. Ann Surg 2020 Mar 23. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000003923. [Epub ahead of print]
• 6. Adhikari SP, Meng S, Wu YJ, Mao YP, Ye RX, Wang QZ, et al. Epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the early outbreak period: a scoping review. Infect Dis Poverty 2020 Mar 17;9(1):29.
• 7. Jin Y, Yang H, Ji W, Wu W, Chen S, Zhang W, Duan G. Virology, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Control of COVID-19. Viruses 2020 Mar 27;12(4). pii: E372. doi: 10.3390/v12040372.
• 8. Kamer E, Çolak T. What to Do When A Patient Infected With COVID-19 Needs An Operation: A Pre-surgery, Peri-surgery and Post-surgery Guide. Turk J Colorectal Dis 2020;30:1-8.
• 9. Ross SW, Lauer CW, Miles WS, Green JM, Christmas AB, May AK, et al. Maximizing the Calm Before the Storm: Tiered Surgical Response Plan for Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19). J Am Coll Surg 2020 Mar 30. pii: S1072-7515(20)30263-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2020.03.019. [Epub ahead of print]
• 10. Peloso A, Moeckli B, Oldani G, Triponez F and Toso C. Response of a European surgical department to the COVID-19 crisis. Swiss Med Wkly 2020 Apr 9;150(w20241):1-3
• 11. Zhang J, Zhou L, Yang Y, Peng W, Wang W, Chen X. Therapeutic and triage strategies for 2019 novel coronavirus disease in fever clinics. Lancet Respir Med 2020 Mar;8(3):e11-e12.
• 12. American Nurses Association (ANA). Preparedness, Early Identification, and Notification. Retrieved From https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/work-environment/health-safety/disaster-preparedness/coronavirus/what-you-need-to-know/clinical-information/ (Accessed 29April 2020).
• 13. Liang T. The Handbook of COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment. Retrieved From https://files.alicdn.com/tpsservice/ee33bb33f3583ea521f1e17e0800357e.pdf?spm=a3c0i.14138300.8102420620.download.6df3647f7wa4Hs&file=ee33bb33f3583ea521f1e17e0800357e.pdf (Accessed 19 April 2020).
• 14. Fusi-Schmidhauser T, Preston NJ, Keller N, Gamondi C. Conservative Management of COVID-19 Patients-Emergency Palliative Care in Action. J Pain Symptom Manage 2020 Apr 8. pii: S0885-3924(20)30183-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.03.030. [Epub ahead of print].
• 15. Givi B, Schiff BA, Chinn SB, Clayburgh D, Iyer NG, Jalisi S, et al. Safety Recommendations for Evaluation and Surgery of the Head and Neck During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020 Mar 31. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2020.0780. [Epub ahead of print]
• 16. Coccolini F, Perrone G, Chiarugi M, Di Marzo F, Ansaloni L, Scandroglio I, et al. Surgery in COVID-19 patients: operational directives. World J Emerg Surg 2020; 15: 25.
• 17. Tang G, Ming Chan AK. Perioperative management of suspected/ confirmed cases of COVID-19. General Anaesthesia 2020:1-13. https://www.wfsahq.org/components/com_virtual_library/media/1c4ec5c64b9aaacf7c47f76a61fb6edc-atow-422-01.pdf (Accessed 29 April 2020).
• 18. Yang X, Yu Y, Xu J, Shu H, Xia J, Liu H, et al. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. Lancet Respir Med 2020 Feb 24. pii: S2213-2600(20)30079-5. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30079-5. [Epub ahead of print]
• 19. Gao Y, Xi H, Chen L. Emergency Surgery in Suspected COVID-19 Patients with Acute Abdomen: Case Series and Perspectives. Ann Surg 2020 Apr 13. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000003961. [Epub ahead of print].
• 20. Ti LK, Ang LS, Foong TW, Ng BSW. What we do when a COVID-19 patient needs an operation: operating room preparation and guidance. Can J Anaesth 2020 Mar 6. doi: 10.1007/s12630-020-01617-4. [Epub ahead of print]
• 21. The Lancet. COVID-19: protecting health-care workers. Lancet 2020 Mar 21;395(10228):922.
• 22. Xie J, Tong Z, Guan X, Du B, Qiu H, Slutsky AS. Critical care crisis and some recommendations during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Intensive Care Med 2020 Mar 2. doi: 10.1007/s00134-020-05979-7. [Epub ahead of print]
• 23. Huang L, Lin G, Tang L, Yu L, Zhou. Special attention to nurses' protection during the COVID-19 epidemic. Crit Care 2020 Mar 27;24(1):120.
• 24. American College of Surgeons. COVID-19 and Surgery. Retrieved From https://www.facs.org/covid-19 (Accessed 21 April 2020).
• 25. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Healthcare Facilities: Preparing for Community Transmission. Retrieved From https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/guidance-hcf.html (Accessed 21 April 2020).
• 26. Association of periOperative Registered Nurses (AORN). COVID-19 (Coronavirus) AORN Tool Kit. Retrieved From https://www.aorn.org/about-aorn/aorn-newsroom/covid-19-coronavirus (Accessed 21 April 2020).
• 27. Tuech JJ, Gangloff A, Di Fiore F, Michel P, Brigand C, Slim K, et al. Strategy for the practice of digestive and oncological surgery during the Covid-19 epidemic. J Visc Surg 2020 Mar 31. pii: S1878-7886(20)30070-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2020.03.008. [Epub ahead of print].
• 28. Spinelli A, Pellino G. COVID-19 pandemic: perspectives on an unfolding crisis. Br J Surg. 2020 Mar 19. doi: 10.1002/bjs.11627. [Epub ahead of print].
• 29. Li CI, Pai JY, Chen CH. Characterization of smoke generated during the use of surgical knife in laparotomy surgeries. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2020 Mar;70(3):324-332. doi: 10.1080/10962247.2020.1717675. Epub 2020 Feb 12.
• 30. Zheng MH, Boni L, Fingerhut A. Minimally Invasive Surgery and the Novel Coronavirus Outbreak: Lessons Learned in China and Italy. Ann Surg 2020 Mar 26. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000003924. [Epub ahead of print]
• 31. Bryan AF, Milner R, Roggin KK, Angelos P, Matthews JB. Unknown unknowns: Surgical consent during the COVID-19 pandemic. Annals of Surgery Retrieved From https://journals.lww.com/annalsofsurgery/Documents/Unknown%20unknowns%20.pdf (Accessed 21 April 2020).
• 32. Aminian A, Safari S, Razeghian-Jahromi A, Ghorbani M and Delaney CP. COVID-19 Outbreak and Surgical Practice: Unexpected Fatality in Perioperative Period. Ann Surg 2020 Mar 26. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000003925. [Epub ahead of print]
• 33. American College of Surgeons. COVID-19: Recommendations for Management of Elective Surgical Procedures. Retrieved From https://www.facs.org/covid-19/clinical-guidance/elective-surgery(Accessed 21 April 2020).
• 34. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Clinical Management of Critically Ill Adults with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Retrieved From https://emergency.cdc.gov/coca/calls/2020/callinfo_040220.asp (Accessed 21 April 2020).
• 35. Wei BR, Savellano DF, Hu CH. Home-based treatment and nursing plan of a patient diagnosed with mild-to-common coronavirus disease 2019. Journal of Integrative Nursing 2020;2(1):27-31.
• 36. Bajwah S, Wilcock A, Towers R, Costantini M, Bausewein C, Simon S, et al. Managing the supportive care needs of those affected by COVID-19. Eur Respir J 2020 Apr 23;55(4). pii: 2000815. doi: 10.1183/13993003.00815-2020. Print 2020 Apr.
• 37. Murthy S, Gomersall CD, Fowler RA. Care for Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19. JAMA April 21, 2020;323(15):1499-1500.
• 38. Internet: Anesi GL. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Critical care issues. Retrieved From https://www.uptodate.com/contents/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-critical-care-issues?sectionName=Glucocorticoids&topicRef=126981&anchor=H4152848011&source=see_link (Accessed 29 April 2020).
• 39. Internet: Kim, AK, Gandhi RT. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Management in hospitalized adults. Retrieved From https://www.uptodate.com/contents/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-management-in-hospitalized-adults?sectionName=Uncertainty%20about%20NSAID%20use&topicRef=127419&anchor=H2294322673&source=see_link#H2294322673 (Accessed 29 April 2020).
• 40. Jin YH, Cai L, Cheng ZS, Cheng, H, Deng, T, Fan YP, et al. A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version). Mil Med Res 2020;7(4):1-23.
• 41. World Health Organization (WHO). Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when COVID-19 is suspected Interim guidance. Retrieved From https://www.who.int/publications-detail/clinical-management-of-severe-acute-respiratory-infection-when-novel-coronavirus-(ncov)-infection-is-suspected (Accessed 29April 2020).
• 42. Rochwerg B, Granton D, Wang DX, Helviz Y, Einav S, Frat JP, et al. High flow nasal cannula compared with conventional oxygen therapy for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med 2019 May;45(5):563-572.
• 43. Arentz M, Yim E, Klaff L, Lokhandwala S, Riedo FX, Chong, M. Characteristics and Outcomes of 21 Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 in Washington State. JAMA 2020;323(16):1612-1614.
• 44. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Care of Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19. Retrieved From https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/critical-care/ (Accessed 29 April 2020).
• 45. Pravda NS, Pravda MS, Kornowski R, Orvin K. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy in the COVID-19 pandemic. Future Cardiol 2020 Apr 17. doi: 10.2217/fca-2020-0040. [Epub ahead of print]
• 46. Internet: Önleme ve Kontrol Dinamikleri. Yeni koronavirüsün neden olduğu pnömoninin önlenmesi ve tedavisi için beslenme diyet kılavuzları. Retrieved From http://www.nhc.gov.cn/xcs/fkdt/202002/a69fd36d54514c5a9a3f456188cbc428.shtml (Accessed 29 April 2020).
• 47. Internet: Seres D. Nutrition support in critically ill patients: An overview. Retrieved From https://www.uptodate.com/contents/nutrition-support-in-critically-ill-patients-an-overview?topicRef=127419&source=see_link#H935231 (Accessed 29 April 2020).
• 48. World Health Organization Regional Office For Europe. Mental health and COVID-19. Retrieved From http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov-technical-guidance/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-outbreak-technical-guidance-europe/mental-health-and-covid-19 (Accessed 29 April 2020).
• 49. Newby JC, Mabry MC, Carlisle BA, Olson DM, Lane BE. Reflections on Nursing Ingenuity During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Neurosci Nurs 2020 Mar 27. doi: 10.1097/JNN.0000000000000525. [Epub ahead of print].
• 50. Choi K, Skrine Jeffers K Cynthia Logsdon M. Nursing and the novel coronavirus: Risks and responsibilities in a global outbreak. J Adv Nurs 2020 Mar 23. doi: 10.1111/jan.14369. [Epub ahead of print]