Revolution as A Form of Anomi: An Evaluation on the Axis of Durkheim and Schopenhauer

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 44, 57 - 68, 31.01.2023

Hasan Yeniçırak

https://doi.org/10.21550/sosbilder.1174430

Öz

In this study, we will examine the concept of revolution in the context of the concept of anomie. We tried to formulate the fundamental problem of the study as follows: Revolution is a form of anomie. Revolutions are like Durkheim’s suicide. Both are symptoms of social breakdown. For such a revolutionary reading, we first considered the concept of anomie as a state of suffering resulting from unsatisfied desires. In this direction, we tried to reconstruct Durkheim’s concept of anomie over Schopenhauer’s philosophy. The more a man desires, the more he suffers. This relationship between Schopenhauer’s unlimited desire and suffering also describes Durkheim’s conceptualization of anomie. Durkheim’s anomie is a state of suffering caused by unlimited desires. Suicide is also a natural extension of the suffering caused by unlimited desire. Just as the experience of anomie, which is the state of suffering caused by unrestrained desires, leads to suicide at the individual level, the state of suffering and inhibition, which is caused by unrestrained desires, leads to revolution at the collective level.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Durkheim, Schopenhauer, revolution, anomie, suicide

BİR ANOMİ FORMU OLARAK DEVRİM: DURKHEİM VE SCHOPENHAUER EKSENİNDE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Öz

Bu çalışmada devrim kavramını, anomi kavramı bağlamında inceledik. Buna göre çalışmanın temel problematiğini şu şekilde formülleştirmeye çalıştık: Devrim bir anomi formudur. Devrimler Durkheim’ın intiharı gibidir. Her ikisi de toplumsal çöküntünün semptomlarıdır. Böyle bir devrim okuması için ilk olarak anomi kavramını doyurulmamış arzuların sonucu olan ıstırap durumu olarak ele aldık. Bunun için de Durkheim’ın anomi kavramını Schopenhauer’in felsefesi üzerinden yeniden inşa etmeye çalıştık. İnsan ne kadar çok arzu ederse, o kadar çok ıstırap çeker. Schopenhauer’in sınırsız arzu ile ıstırap arasında kurduğu bu ilişki Durkheim’ın anomi kavramsallaştırmasının da bir tasvirini sunmaktadır. Durkheim’ın anomisi sınırsız arzuların yol açtığı bir ıstırap durumudur. İntihar da sınırsız arzunun yol açtığı ıstırabın doğal bir uzantısıdır. Nasıl ki sınırlandırılmamış arzuların yol açtığı ıstırap durumu olarak anomi tecrübesi bireysel düzeyde intihara yol açıyorsa, benzer şekilde sınırlandırılmamış arzuların yol açtığı ıstırap, engelleme durumu da kolektif düzeyde devrime yol açar.

Anahtar Kelimeler

devrim, anomi, intihar, Durkheim, Schopenhauer

Kaynakça

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