Egzersiz Düzeyi, Bilinçli Farkındalık ve Ruh Sağlığı Sürekliliği: Üniversite Öğrencileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 1 - 13, 23.10.2024

Barış Yılmaztürk , Emre Ozan Tingaz , Yasin Akbaş , Özlem Orhan

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı üniversite öğrencilerinde egzersiz düzeyi, bilinçli farkındalık ve ruh sağlığı ilişkisinin incelenmesidir. Araştırma grubunu 18-29 yaş aralığında (M= 21.07, SS= 1.43), 122’si kadın, 412’si erkek toplamda 534 üniversite öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Veri toplama aracı olarak kişisel bilgi formu, Bilinçli Farkındalık Ölçeği ve Ruh Sağlığı Sürekliliği Kısa Formu kullanılmıştır. Verileri analiz etmek için 24.0 (SPSS Inc. Chicago II. USA) kullanılmıştır. Verilerin normalliği için Q-Q Plot grafiği, histogramlar ve çarpıklık-basıklık değerleri incelenmiştir. Verilerin normal dağılım göstermesi üzerine egzersiz düzeyi, bilinçli farkındalık ve ruh sağlığı sürekliliği arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek için Pearson korelasyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Yapılan analiz sonucuna göre, egzersiz yapılan gün sayısı ile bilinçli farkındalık, ruh sağlığı sürekliliği, sosyal iyi oluş ve psikolojik iyi oluş arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Bununla birlikte egzersizin süresi ile bilinçli farkındalık, ruh sağlığı sürekliliği ve alt boyutları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak egzersiz yapılan gün sayısının artmasının bilinçli farkındalık, ruh sağlığı sürekliliği ve psikolojik iyi oluş üzerine olumlu etkileri olduğu söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ezgersiz, Bilinçli farkındalık, ruh sağlığı

Exercise Level, Mindfulness and Mental Health Continuum: A Study on University Students

Öz

The aim of this research is to examine the relationship between exercise level, mindfulness and mental health in university students. The research group consisted of a total of 534 university students, 122 female and 412 male, aged 18-29 (M = 21.07, SD = 1.43). Personal information form, Mindful Awareness Scale and Mental Health Continuum Short Form were used as data collection tools. 24.0 (SPSS Inc. Chicago II. USA) was used to analyze the data. Q-Q Plot graph, histograms and skewness-kurtosis values were examined for the normality of the data. Since the data showed normal distribution, Pearson correlation analysis was applied to examine the relationship between exercise level, mindfulness and mental health continuity. According to the results of the analysis, there is a significant relationship between the number of days of exercise and conscious awareness, mental health continuity, social well-being and psychological well-being. On the other hand, it was determined that there was no significant relationship between the duration of exercise and mindfulness, mental health continuity and its sub-dimensions. As a result, it can be said that increasing the number of days of exercise has positive effects on conscious awareness, mental health continuity and psychological well-being.

Anahtar Kelimeler

exercise, mindfulness, mental health

Kaynakça

• Alonso, J., Vilagut, G., Mortier, P., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., … & WHO WHM-ICS Collaborators. (2018). The role impairment associated with mental disorder risk profiles in the WHO World Mental Health International College Student Initiative. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 28(2), e1750.
• Bantjes, J., Kessler, M., Lochner, C., Breet, E., Bawa, A., Roos, J., ... & Stein, D. J. (2023). The mental health of university students in South Africa: Results of the national student survey. Journal of Affective Disorders, 321, 217-226.
• Başar, S., & Sarı İ. (2018). Düzenli egzersizin depresyon, mutluluk ve psikolojik iyi oluş üzerine etkisi. İnönü Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(3), 25-34.
• Bayram, N., & Bilgel, N. (2008). The prevalence and socio-demographic correlations of depression, anxiety and stress among a group of university students. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 43, 667-672.
• Bennett, K., Manassis, K., Duda, S., Bagnell, A., Bernstein, G. A., Garland, E. J., ... & Wilansky, P. (2015). Preventing child and adolescent anxiety disorders: Overview of systematic reviews. Depression and Anxiety, 32(12), 909-918.
• Booth, F. W., Roberts, C. K., & Laye, M. J. (2012). Lack of exercise is a major cause of chronic diseases. Comprehensive Physiology, 2(2), 1143.
• Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822-848.
• Buecker, S., Simacek, T., Ingwersen, B., Terwiel, S., & Simonsmeier, B. A. (2021). Physical activity and subjective well-being in healthy individuals: A meta-analytic review. Health Psychology Review, 15(4), 574-592.
• Canby, N. K., Cameron, I. M., Calhoun, A. T., & Buchanan, G. M. (2015). A brief mindfulness intervention for healthy college students and its effects on psychological distress, self-control, meta-mood, and subjective vitality. Mindfulness, 6, 1071-1081.
• Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J., & Zheng, J. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Research, 287, 112934.
• Clevenger, K. A., Pfeiffer, K. A., Yee, K. E., Triplett, A. N., Florida, J., & Selby, S. (2018). Mindfulness and children’s physical activity, diet, quality of life, and weight status. Mindfulness, 9, 221-229.
• Creswell, J. D. (2017). Mindfulness interventions. Annual Review of Psychology, 68, 491-516.
• Çelik, N., & Akgün, N. (2024). Egzersiz Yapma Sıklığı ve Bilinçli Farkındalığın Psikolojik İyi Oluş Üzerindeki Yordayıcı Etkisi: Tanımlayıcı Araştırma. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences, 16(2), 202-208.
• Demirci, İ., & Akın, A. (2015). The validity and reliability of the mental health continuum short form. Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences (JFES), 48(1), 49-64.
• Ediz, B., Özçakır, A., & Bilgel, N. (2017). Depression and anxiety among medical students: Examining scores of the beck depression and anxiety inventory and the depression anxiety and stress scale with student characteristics. Cogent Psychology, 4(1), 1283829.
• Eisenberg, D., Golberstein, E., & Hunt, J. B. (2009). Mental health and academic success in college. The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, 9(1).
• Gao, Y., & Shi, L. (2015). Mindfulness, physical activity and avoidance of secondhand smoke: A study of college students in Shanghai. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(8), 10106-10116.
• George, D., & Mallery, P. (2019). IBM SPSS statistics 26 step by step: A simple guide and reference. Routledge.
• Gilbert, D., & Waltz, J. (2010). Mindfulness and health behaviors. Mindfulness, 1, 227-234.
• Grinnell, S., Greene, G., Melanson, K., Blissmer, B., & Lofgren, I. E. (2011). Anthropometric and behavioral measures related to mindfulness in college students. Journal of American College Health, 59(6), 539-545.
• Gross, M., Moore, Z. E., Gardner, F. L., Wolanin, A. T., Pess, R., & Marks, D. R. (2018). An empirical examination comparing the mindfulness-acceptance-commitment approach and psychological skills training for the mental health and sport performance of female student athletes. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 16(4), 431-451.
• Hofmann, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A., & Oh, D. (2010). The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78(2), 169.
• Howell, A. J., Dopko, R. L., Passmore, H. A., & Buro, K. (2011). Nature connectedness: Associations with well-being and mindfulness. Personality and Individual Differences, 51(2), 166-171.
• Hysenbegasi, A., Hass, S. L., & Rowland, C. R. (2005). The impact of depression on the academic productivity of university students. Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics, 8(3), 145-151.
• Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 144-156.
• Kaparounaki, C. K., Patsali, M. E., Mousa, D. P. V., Papadopoulou, E. V., Papadopoulou, K. K., & Fountoulakis, K. N. (2020). University students’ mental health amidst the COVID-19 quarantine in Greece. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113111.
• Kaya, C. (2022). Factors impacting depression severity among Turkish college students. Current Psychology, 41(7), 4971-4978.
• Keyes, C. L., Wissing, M., Potgieter, J. P., Temane, M., Kruger, A., & Van Rooy, S. (2008). Evaluation of the mental health continuum–short form (MHC–SF) in setswana‐speaking South Africans. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 15(3), 181-192.
• Khoury, B., Lecomte, T., Fortin, G., Masse, M., Therien, P., Bouchard, V., ... & Hofmann, S. G. (2013). Mindfulness-based therapy: A comprehensive meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 33(6), 763-771.
• Knöchel, C., Oertel-Knöchel, V., O’Dwyer, L., Prvulovic, D., Alves, G., Kollmann, B., & Hampel, H. (2012). Cognitive and behavioural effects of physical exercise in psychiatric patients. Progress in Neurobiology, 96(1), 46-68.
• Liu, Y., Zhang, N., Bao, G., Huang, Y., Ji, B., Wu, Y., ... & Li, G. (2019). Predictors of depressive symptoms in college students: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Journal of Affective Disorders, 244, 196-208.
• Lopresti, A. L., Hood, S. D., & Drummond, P. D. (2013). A review of lifestyle factors that contribute to important pathways associated with major depression: Diet, sleep and exercise. Journal of Affective Disorders, 148(1), 12-27.
• Loucks, E. B., Britton, W. B., Howe, C. J., Eaton, C. B., & Buka, S. L. (2015). Positive associations of dispositional mindfulness with cardiovascular health: The New England Family Study. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 22, 540-550.
• Mamun, M. A., Hossain, M. S., & Griffiths, M. D. (2022). Mental health problems and associated predictors among Bangladeshi students. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 20(2), 657-671.
• Mothes, H., Klaperski, S., Seelig, H., Schmidt, S., & Fuchs, R. (2014). Regular aerobic exercise increases dispositional mindfulness in men: A randomized controlled trial. Mental Health and Physical Activity, 7(2), 111-119.
• Murphy, M. J., Mermelstein, L. C., Edwards, K. M., & Gidycz, C. A. (2012). The benefits of dispositional mindfulness in physical health: A longitudinal study of female college students. Journal of American College Health, 60(5), 341-348.
• Özyeşil, Z., Arslan, C., Kesici, Ş., & Deniz, M. E. (2011). Bilinçli farkındalık ölçeğini Türkçe’ye uyarlama çalışması. Eğitim ve Bilim, 36(160).
• Roberts, K. C., & Danoff-Burg, S. (2010). Mindfulness and health behaviors: Is paying attention good for you? Journal of American College Health, 59(3), 165-173.
• Ruffault, A., Bernier, M., Thienot, E., Fournier, J. F., & Flahault, C. (2017). Exploring the links between mindfulness skills, physical activity, signs of anxiety, and signs of depression among non-clinical participants. Journal de Terapie Comportementale et Cognitive, 27(1), 16-24.
• Sagui‐Henson, S. J., Levens, S. M., & Blevins, C. L. (2018). Examining the psychological and emotional mechanisms of mindfulness that reduce stress to enhance healthy behaviours. Stress and Health, 34(3), 379-390.
• Salimi, N., Gere, B., Talley, W., & Irioogbe, B. (2023). College students mental health challenges: Concerns and considerations in the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, 37(1), 39-51.
• Samis-Smith, P., & Schmidt, N. (2023). Exploring the use of mindfulness-based meditation and physical activity to reduce stress in college students. Research Directs in Health Sciences, 3(1).
• Schober, P., Boer, C. & Schwarte, L. A. (2018). Correlation coefficients: Appropriate use and interpretation. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 126(5), 1763-1768.
• Schuch, F. B., Vancampfort, D., Richards, J., Rosenbaum, S., Ward, P. B., & Stubbs, B. (2016). Exercise as a treatment for depression: a meta-analysis adjusting for publication bias. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 77, 42-51.
• Sheldon, E., Simmonds-Buckley, M., Bone, C., Mascarenhas, T., Chan, N., Wincott, M., ... & Barkham, M. (2021). Prevalence and risk factors for mental health problems in university undergraduate students: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 287, 282-292.
• Stamatakis, E., Gale, J., Bauman, A., Ekelund, U., Hamer, M., & Ding, D. (2019). Sitting time, physical activity, and risk of mortality in adults. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 73(16), 2062-2072.
• Stubbs, B., Vancampfort, D., Rosenbaum, S., Firth, J., Cosco, T., Veronese, N., ... & Schuch, F. B. (2017). An examination of the anxiolytic effects of exercise for people with anxiety and stress-related disorders: A meta-analysis. Psychiatry Research, 249, 102-108.
• Suresh, K. P. & Chandrashekara, S. (2012). Sample size estimation and power analysis for clinical research studies. Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences, 5(1), 7-13.
• Tomlinson, E. R., Yousaf, O., Vitterso, A. D., & Jones, L. (2018). Dispositional mindfulness and psychological health: A systematic review. Mindfulness, 9, 23-43.
• Tuncer, M. (2020). Nicel Araştırma Desenleri. B. Oral ve A. Çoban (Ed.). Kuramdan Uygulamaya Eğitimde Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri İçinde (205-227. Ss.). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
• Vidic, Z. (2023). Multi-year investigation of a relaxation course with a mindfulness meditation component on college students’ stress, resilience, coping and mindfulness. Journal of American College Health, 71(9), 2711-2716.
• Vilvens, H. L., Frame, D. L., & Owen, P. C. (2021). Promoting the inclusion of mindfulness and contemplative practices in the college classroom. Pedagogy in Health Promotion, 7(2), 148-158.
• Wegner, M., Helmich, I., Machado, S., E Nardi, A., Arias-Carrion, O., & Budde, H. (2014). Effects of exercise on anxiety and depression disorders: Review of meta-analyses and neurobiological mechanisms. CNS & Neurological Disorders-Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets-CNS & Neurological Disorders), 13(6), 1002-1014.
• World Health Organization. (2020). WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. World Health Organization.
• World Health Organization. (2022). World mental health report: Transforming mental health for all. World Health Organization.
• Yang, C. H., & Conroy, D. E. (2020). Mindfulness and physical activity: A systematic review and hierarchical model of mindfulness. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 18(6), 794-817.