DEVELOPMENT OF 3D WEB GIS APPLICATION WITH OPEN SOURCE LIBRARY

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 6, 818 - 824, 31.12.2018

Muhammed Oguzhan Mete , Dogus Guler , Tahsin Yomralıoglu

https://doi.org/10.15317/Scitech.2018.171

Öz

Today, thanks to the internet connection, the borders are disappearing and accessing information is more comfortable. Besides desktop applications, number of web-based applications which instant changes can be seen by all users are increasing day by day. The diversity of web-based applications that are currently used in presenting spatial information to users is also progressing. Using open source libraries, developers can develop web applications for their own purposes. Three dimensional (3D) visualization on the web is a commonly used approach in geographic information systems (GIS) applications. In this article, a 3D web application is developed using Cesium open source javascript library. Vector data layers containing attribute data on global, country and city scales are visualized on the web application. Moreover, raster data layers which produced in other projects like GIS-based land valuation application is also visualized in three dimension. It is pointed out that the output products obtained from different studies can be accessed and visualized through the web browser without installing an additional program or add-ons on the users' computers.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cesium, Geographic information systems, GIS, Javascript, Open source library, WebGL, 3D

Açık Kaynak Kodlu Kütüphane İle 3B Web CBS Uygulaması Geliştirilmesi

Öz

Günümüzde internet sayesinde sınırlar ve engeller ortadan kalkmış ve bilgiye erişim kolay hale gelmiştir. Masaüstü uygulamalarnın yanısıra, tüm kullanıcılar tarafından anlık değişikliklerin görülebildiği web tabanlı uygulamaların sayısı gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Mekânsal bilgilerin kullanıcılara sunulduğu çeşitli web tabanlı uygulamalar da yaygınlaşmaktadır. Açık kaynak kütüphanelerini kullanarak geliştiriciler amaca göre web uygulamaları geliştirebilmektedirler. Web tabanlı üç boyutlu (3B) görselleştirme, coğrafi bilgi sistemleri (CBS) uygulamalarında yaygın olarak kullanılan bir yöntemdir. Bu makalede, açık kaynaklı javascript kütüphanesi Cesium kullanılarak 3B web CBS uygulaması geliştirilmiştir. Web uygulamasında global, ülke ve şehir ölçeklerinde öznitelik bilgileri içeren vektör veri katmanları görselleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca en uygun yer seçimi ve CBS ile taşınmaz değerleme gibi farklı projeler sonucunda üretilen raster veri katmanları da üç boyutlu olarak görselleştirilmiştir. Kullanıcıların, farklı çalışmalardan elde edilen çıktı ürünlerine bilgisayarına ek bir yazılım veya eklenti kurmadan, web tarayıcısı üzerinden erişilebileceği vurgulanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cesium, Coğrafi bilgi sistemleri, CBS, Javascript, Açık kaynaklı kütüphane, WebGL, 3D

Kaynakça

• ArcGIS API for JS. Available online: https://developers.arcgis.com/javascript/, accessed on 14 September 2018.
• Billen, M.I., Kreylos, O., Hamann, B., Jadamec, M.A., Kellogg, L.H., Staadt, O., Sumner, D.Y., 2008, “A Geoscience Perspective on Immersive 3D Gridded Data Visualization”, Computers & Geosciences, Vol. 34 (9), pp. 1056–1072.
• Cesium.js. Available online: https://cesiumjs.org , accessed on 14 September 2018.
• Chaturvedi, K., Yao, Z., Kolbe, T. H., 2015, “Web-based Exploration of and Interaction with Large and Deeply Structured Semantic 3D City Models using HTML5 and WebGL”, In Bridging Scales-Skalenübergreifende Nah-und Fernerkundungsmethoden, 35. Wissenschaftlich-Technische Jahrestagung der DGPF.
• Christen, M., Nebiker, S., Loesch, B., 2012, “Web-Based Large-Scale 3D-Geovisualisation using WebGL: The OpenWebGlobe Project”, International Journal of 3-D Information Modeling (IJ3DIM), Vol. 1(3), pp. 16–25.
• Evangelidis, K. Papadopoulos, T. Papatheodorou, K. Mastorokostas, P., Hilas, C., 2018, “3D Geospatial Gesquiere, G., Manin, A., 2012, “3D Visualization of Urban Data based on CityGML with WebGL”, International Journal of 3-D Information Modeling (IJ3DIM), Vol. 1 (3), pp. 1–15.
• HTML5. Available online: https://www.w3.org/TR/html5/ (accessed on 14 September 2018).
• Huang, B., Jiang, B., Li, H., 2001, “An Integration of GIS, Virtual Reality and The Internet for Visualization, Analysis and Exploration of Spatial Data”, International Journal of Geographical Information Science, Vol. 15 (5), pp. 439–456.
• Huang, B., Lin, H., 2002, “A Java/CGI Approach to Developing a Geographic Virtual Reality Toolkit on The Internet”, Computers & Geosciences, Vol. 28 (1), pp. 13–19.
• Kahkonen, J., Lehto, L., Kilpelainen, T., Sarjakoski, T., 1999, “Interactive Visualisation of Geographical Objects on The Internet, International Journal of Geographical Information Science, Vol. 13 (4), pp. 429–438.
• Kramer, M., Gutbell, R., 2015, “A Case Study on 3D Geospatial Applications in The Web using state-of-the-art WebGL Frameworks”, In: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on 3D Web Technology. ACM, Heraklion, Greece. New York, pp. 189–197, 18–21 June 2015.
• Krooks, A., Kahkonen, J., Lehto, L., Latvala, P., Karjalainen, M., Honkavaara, E., 2014, “WebGL Visualisation of 3D Environmental Models based on Finnish Open Geospatial Data Sets”, ISPRS Int. Arch. Photogrammetry Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., Vol. 1, pp. 163–169.
• Miao, R., Song, J., Zhu, Y., 2017, “3D Geographic Scenes Visualization based on WebGL”, In Agro-Geoinformatics, 2017 6th International Conference on IEEE, Fairfax, VA, USA, pp. 1-6, 7-10 Aug. 2017
• Nasa Java World Wind. Available online: http://worldwind.arc.nasa.gov/java/ (accessed on 14 September 2018).
• OSM Buildings GL. Available online: https://osmbuildings.org/developer/ (accessed on 14 September 2018).
• Prandi, F., Devigili, F., Soave, M., Di Staso, U., De Amicis, R., 2015, “3D Web Visualization of Huge CityGML Models”, Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XL-3/W3, pp. 601-605. doi:10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-3-W3-601-2015
• Resch, B., Wohlfahrt, R., Wosniok, C., 2014, “Web-based 4D Visualization of Marine Geo-Data using WebGL”, Cartography and Geographic Information Science, Vol. 41, pp. 235–247.
• Rumor, M., Roccatello, E., Scottà, A., 2014, “A Standard-Based Framework for Real-Time 3D Large-Scale Geospatial Data Generation and Visualisation over The Web, In Geodesign by Integrating Design and Geospatial Sciences, pp. 259-269, Springer, Cham.
• Structured Semantic 3D City Models using HTML5 and WebGL. In Bridging Scales-Skalenübergreifende Nah-und Fernerkundungsmethoden; 35. Wissenschaftlich-Technische Jahrestagung der DGPF; Deutsche Gesellschaft für Photogrammetrie, Fernerkundung und Geoinformation (DGPF) e.V: Köln, Germany, 2015.
• Tangram. Available online: https://tangrams.github.io/tangram (accessed on 14 September 2018).
• Three.js. Available online: https://threejs.org/ (accessed on 14 September 2018).
• Visualizations: Animation and Motion Effects on Spatial Objects”, Computers & Geosciences, Vol. 111, pp. 200–212. Vizicities, Available online: http://ww.vizicities.com/ , accessed on 14 September 2018.
• WebGL Overview, Available online: https://www.khronos.org/webgl/ , accessed on 14 September 2018.
• WebGLEarth, Available online: https://www.webglearth.com, accessed on 14 September 2018.
• wrld3d Available online: https://www.wrld3d.com/, accessed on 14 September 2018.
• Yomralıoğlu, T., 2000, Geographical Information Systems, Basic Concepts and Applications, Istanbul (In Turkish).