Dhikr in Islamic Sufism. A Case Study: the Order of Kubrawiyya

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 20 - 35, 02.07.2024

Sepideh Afrashteh

Öz

Among various orders of Islamic Sufism, one of the common rituals is dhikr. While sharīa places significant emphasis on the repetition of different dhikr formulas, it does not mandate its practice. However, within the diverse orders of Sufism, dhikr is viewed as a fundamental aspect of conduct and a cornerstone of practical mysticism. In Islamic Sufism, disciples deem it obligatory to purify the nafs. Consequently, dhikr is regarded as a means to this end across various schools and branches of Islamic Sufism. Each order of Islamic Sufism has developed its own unique instructions and rituals for its followers. The Kubrawiyya order, one of the oldest schools of Islamic Sufism, has also established its own rituals and instructions pertaining to dhikr for its disciples. The primary objective of this paper is to elucidate the essence and the quality of dhikr in the Kubrawiyya order. This includes its importance, principles, objectives, methods, and results. The analysis is based on the materials presented in the texts of the Kubrawiyya order, supplemented by references to other sources of Islamic Sufism. This scholarly approach ensures a comprehensive understanding of the role and significance of dhikr within the Kubrawiyya order specifically, and Islamic Sufism more broadly.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dhikr, Disciple, Islamic mysticism, Sufism, Kubrawiyya

Kübreviyye Tarîkati Özelinde Tasavvufta Zikr

Öz

İslam tasavvufunda, çeşitli tarîkatler arasında ortak ritüellerden biri zikirdir. Şerîat, farklı zikir formüllerinin tekrarlanmasına vurgu yapmakla birlikte, bunların uygulanmasını zorunlu kılmaz. Bununla birlikte, çeşitli tasavvufî tarîkatler içinde zikir, davranışın temel bir vechesi ve pratik mistisizmin temel taşı olarak görülür. İslam tasavvufunda müritler nefsi arındırmayı zorunlu görürler. Sonuç olarak zikir, İslam tasavvufunun çeşitli okulları ve kolları arasında bu amaca yönelik bir araç olarak kabul edilir. Her bir tarîkat, takipçileri için kendine özgü metot ve ritüeller geliştirmiştir. İslam tasavvufunun en eski ekollerinden biri olan Kübreviyye tarîkati de müritleri için, zikir özelinde, kendi ritüel ve talimatlarını oluşturmuştur. Bu makalenin temel amacı, Kubreviyye tarîkatinde zikrin özünü ve niteliğini açıklamaktır. Bu amaç, zikrin önemini, ilkelerini, hedeflerini, yöntemlerini ve sonuçlarını kapsamaktadır. Analiz çoğunlukla, Kübreviyye tarîkati metinleri ve zikir ile ilgili, tasavvufun diğer kaynaklarına ait materyallere dayanmaktadır. Bu bilimsel yaklaşım, zikrin özelde Kübreviyye tarîkatinde, genelde ise İslam tasavvufundaki rolü ve öneminin kapsamlı bir şekilde anlaşılmasını sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Zikir, Mürid, İslami mistisizm, Kübreviyye, tasavvuf

Kaynakça

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