The Political s of Gaius Gracchus and Annexation of Phrygia and Lycaonia to the Province of Asia

Yıl 2014, , 23 - 44, 01.05.2014

Murat Tozan

https://doi.org/10.1501/Tarar_0000000563

Öz

Phrygia and Lycaonia was not incorporated to the province of Asia, during its foundation (129-126 B.C.), but handed over to kingdoms of Pontus and Cappadocia. Previously it is suggested that Mithridates V of Pontus died in 120 B.C. and Rome annexed Phrygia and Lycaonia between 119-116 B.C. But after reassessment of the available information, in the light of astronomical data in the Chinese sources, determination of the death Mithridates V was around 123/122 B.C. paved the way for suggesting more plausible scenario. In years of 123/122 B.C. the tribune Gaius Gracchus was politically at the peak of his power. His main objectives were provide political support against the Senate by strengthening the equestrians (equites) both in Rome and in the provinces, in order to enforce his agrarian law (lex agraria) which he has proposed to settle the problem of landless peasants, and raising funds for his law by increasing the income of the treasury. Accordingly with the annexation of Phrygia and Lycaonia towards the political objectives of Gracchus it was created more sources of income both for the publicans in the equestrian order, who has right to collect revenues in the province and for the treasury in Rome

Anahtar Kelimeler

Roman Republic, Hellenistic Asia Minor, Province of Asia, Pontus, Cappadocia

Gaius Gracchus’un politik hedefleri ve Phrygia ile Lykaonia’nın Asia Eyaleti’ne bağlanması

Öz

Phrygia ve Lykaonia bölgeleri Asia Eyaleti’nin kuruluş sürecinde eyalete dahil edilmeyip Pontos ve Lykaonia krallıklarına verilmişti. Önceleri Pontos kralı V. Mithridates’in İ.Ö. 120 yılında öldüğü ve dolayısıyla Phrygia ile Lykaonia bölgelerinin İ.Ö. 119-116 yılları arasında Asia Eyaleti’ne bağlandığı düşünülmekteydi. Ancak antik edebi kaynaklardaki bilgilerin Çin kaynaklarındaki astronomik veriler ışığında yeniden değerlendirilmesi üzerine Pontos kralı V. Mithridates’in İ.Ö. 123/122 yılları civarında öldüğünün tespit edilmesi bu konuda daha akla yatkın bir senaryo öne sürülmesine imkan vermiştir. İ.Ö. 123/122 yılları Romalı halk tribunusu Gaius Gracchus’un politik olarak gücünün zirvesinde olduğu yıllardı. C. Gracchus’un başlıca hedefleri topraksız köylüler sorunu için hazırladığı toprak yasasını (lex agraria) hayata geçirebilmek için hem Roma’da hem de eyaletlerde atlı sınıfını (equites) güçlendirerek Senato’ya karşı kendisine politik destek oluşturmak ve Roma hazinesinin gelirlerini arttırarak hazırlamış olduğu yasaya gelir kaynağı yaratmaktı. Buna göre Phrygia ve Lykaonia’nın İ.Ö. 123/122 yıllarında C. Gracchus’un politik hedefleri doğrultusunda Asia Eyaleti’ne bağlanmasıyla, hem eyaletteki gelirlerin toplaması hakkına sahip olan atlı sınıfı içerisindeki publicanuslara hem de Roma’daki hazineye daha fazla gelir kaynağı sağlanmış oluyordu

Anahtar Kelimeler

Roma Cumhuriyeti, Hellenistik Anadolu, Asia Eyaleti, Pontos, Kappadokia

Kaynakça

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