Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster
Yıl 2022, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 1275 - 1300, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.47424/tasavvur.1167831

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Abbink, Jan. The Falashas in Ethiopia and Israel: The Problem of Ethnic Assimilation. ICSA, 1984.
  • Aydın, Fuat. Yahudilik (Tarih, İnanç, İbadet, Kültür). (Gözden geçirilmiş 3.baskı). İstanbul: Mahya Yayınları, 2018.
  • Bleich, J. David. “Black Jews: A Halakhic Perspective”. A Journal of Orthodox Jewish Thought 15/1-2 (Spring- Summer) (1975), 48-79.
  • Boykin, James H. Black Jews: Ethiopia, India, United States, 1982.
  • Budge, E. A. Wallis. The Kebra Nagast: The Queen of Sheba and Her Only Son Menyelek. Ontario: Cambridge, 2000.
  • Corinaldi, Michael. Jewish Identity: The Case of Ethiopian Jewry. Jerusalem: Hebrew University, 1998.
  • Dege-Muller, Sophia. “The Monastic Genealogy of Hoḫwarwa Monastery: A Unique Witness of Beta Ǝsraʾel Historiography”. Aethiopica (International Journal of Ethiopian and Eritrean Studies) 23 (2020), 57-86.
  • Dege-Muller, Sophia. “Between Heretics and Jews: Inventing Jewish Identities in Ethiopia”, Entangled Religions 6 (2018), 247-308.
  • Gürkan, Salime L. "İbrânîler", Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi (gözden geçirilmiş 2. basım, Ek-1). Ankara: TDV Yayınları, (2020), 625-627.
  • Haynes, Bruce D. “People of God, Children of Ham”. Journal of Modern Jewish Studies 8/2 (2009), 237-254.
  • Heldman, Marilyn E. “Architectural Symbolism, Sacred Geography and the Ethiopian Church”. Journal of Religion in Africa 22/3 (1992), 222-241.
  • Kaplan, Steven. “Ethiopia, Judaism”. The Encyclopedia of Judaism. ed. J. Neusner vd. 4/1741-1754, 2003.
  • Kaplan, Steven. “Kifu-Qen: The Great Famine of 1888-1892 and The Beta Israel (Falasha)”. Paideuma: Mitteilungen zur Kulturkunde (Afrika-Studien II) 36/ (1990), 67-77.
  • Kaplan, Steven. “The Beta Israel and Ethiopian Christian Views of Jews and Judaism”. Princeton NJ: (Nov 17, Online Meeting), 2020.
  • Kaplan, Steven. The Beta Israel (Falasha) in Ethiopia; From Earliest Times to the Twentieth Century. New York and London: New York University Press, 1992.
  • Kaplan, Steven. “The Falasha and the Stephanite: An Episode from Gadla Gabra Masih”. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 48/2 (1985), 278-282.
  • Kaplan, Steven. The Monastic Holy Man and the Christianization of Early Solomonic Ethiopia. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1984.
  • Kuran, Neslihan. “Afrikalı Falaşalar: Falaşaların Etnik Köken Teorileri ve Dini Kimlikleri Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz”. Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi 8/2 (2021), 213-244.
  • Leslau, Wolf. Falasha Anthology. Yale Judaica Series 6 Cilt. New York: Yale University Press, 1951.
  • McGuckin, J. Anthony. “Ethiopia”. The Encyclopedia of Eastern Orthodox Christianity. 1/5-11. Oxford: Wiley Blackwell, 2010.
  • Parfitt, Tudor. The Lost Tribes of Israel: The History of a Myth. London: Weidenfeld &Nicolson, 2002.
  • Quirin, James. “Oral Traditions as Historical Sources in Ethiopia: The Case of the Beta Israel (Falasha)”. History in Africa 20 (1993), 297-312.
  • Quirin, James. “The Beta ’Esrā’ēl (Falāshā) and Ayhud in Fifteenth Century Ethiopia: Oral and Written Traditions”. Northeast African Studies 10/2-3 (1988), 89-104.
  • Quirin, James. The Evolution of the Ethiopian Jews, A History of the Beta Israel (Falasha) to 1920. America: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1992.
  • Seeman, Don. “The Question of Kinship: Bodies and Narratives in the Beta Israel-European Encounter (1860- 1920)”. Journal of Religion in Africa 30/1 (2000), 86-120.
  • Shelemay, K. Kaufman. Music, Ritual and Falasha History. Michigan: Michigan State University Press, 1989.
  • Shochat, Azriel. “Eldad Ha-Dani”. Encyclopaedia Judaica. ed. Cecil Ruth. 576-578. Jerusalem: Keter Publishing House, 1978.
  • Summerfield, Daniel. From Falashas to Ethiopian Jews: The External Influences for Change, c. 1860-1960. London and New York: Routledge, 2003.
  • Tamrat, Taddesse. Church and State in Ethiopia 1270-1527. London: Oxford University Press, 1972.
  • Trimingham, J. Spencer. Islam in Ethiopia. London: Frank Cass&CO. LTD., 1965.
  • Ullendorff, Edward. Ethiopia and the Bible. London: Oxford University Press, 1968.
  • Waldman, Menachem. The Jews of Ethiopia: The Beta Israel Community. Jerusalem: AmiShav, 1985.
  • Weil, Shalva. “Longing for Jerusalem among the Beta Israel of Ethiopia”. African Zion: Studies in Black Judaism. ed. Edith Bruder - Tudor Parfitt. 204-217. London: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2012.
  • Weil, Shalva. “The Unification of the Ten Lost Tribes with the Two Found Tribes”. Becoming Jewish: New Jews and Emerging Jewish Communities in a Globalized World. ed. Tudor Parfitt - Netanel Fisher. 25-35. London: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2016.
  • Zegeye, Abebe. The Impossible Return: Struggles of the Ethiopian Jews, The Beta Israel. New Jersey: The Red Sea Press, 2018.

Habeş Yahudiliği: Falaşa Keşişler ve Habeş Hristiyanlığı Üzerinden Habeş Yahudiliğinin Nasıl Oluştuğuna Dair Bir Değerlendirme

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 1275 - 1300, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.47424/tasavvur.1167831

Öz

Habeş Yahudiliği tarihini detaylandırmak oldukça zordur. Konu hakkında net bir bilgi mevcut olmamakla birlikte genelde Habeşistan’da Yahudi bir grubun varlığı antik Yahudi topluluğunun üyeleriyle olan temasın sonucu olarak açıklanmaktadır. Son araştırmalar Habeş Yahudiliğinin çok daha farklı ve karmaşık bir resmini çizmektedir. Öncelikle Habeşistan’ın erken dönemlerinde etnik ve dinî olarak ayırt edilmiş bir Yahudi topluluğa henüz rastlanmadığını bilmek önemlidir. Habeş Yahudiliği araştırmasında sorgulanması gereken şey, uzun yıllar İbranî unsurlarını nakleden bir araç olarak hizmet eden Etiyopya Ortodoks Tevhîd Kilisesi’nin (Habeş Ortodoks Kilisesi ve Hristiyanlığı) kendisi olmalıdır. Habeş Hristiyanlığı dünya Hristiyanlığında farklı bir yapıyı temsil etmektedir ki bu anlamda hâlâ Şabatı gözetmekte ve hâlâ erkek çocuklarını sünnet etmeye devam etmektedir. Dahası, Ahid Sandığı’nın Süleyman Mâbedi’nin yıkılmasından önce topraklarına getirildiğine olan inancı sürdürmektedir. Yapılan araştırmalar neticesinde, özellikle dinî pratikler açısından Yahudi ve Hristiyan bir geleneğe sahip olan Habeş Hristiyanlığı görmezden gelinerek mevcut kanıtlar eşliğinde -topluluk olarak- ayrı bir Habeş Yahudiliği tarihi oluşturulmak istense bunun başlangıç noktasının 14. yüzyıldan sonra olabileceği anlaşılmaktadır.
Çalışmanın iddiası, Habeş Yahudiliğinin oluşum sürecinin köken itiba-riyle doğrudan bir Yahudi grubun devamlılığından ziyade, Hristiyanlığın kabulüyle beraber Habeşistan’daki dinî-siyasî gelişmeler neticesinde ortaya çıkmış bir gelişme olabileceğidir. Habeş Yahudiliğinin günümüz temsilcisi olduğu iddia edilen Falaşa topluluğunda görülen Yahudi etkinin ağırlığı ise, 15. yüzyıl sonrası yerli keşişlerin yönelimleri ve aktardıkları metinlerin ya-ratmış olduğu sonuçla alakalıdır. Falaşaların etnik ve dinî konumları tarafsız bir şekilde değerlendirildiğinde Falaşalar doğrudan Habeşistan’ın Yahudi-Hristiyan özelliğindeki geleneğin içine yerleşmektedir. Dolayısıyla Habeş bölgesindeki Yahudilik için uzun yıllar Yahudi ve Hristiyan geleneği takip eden Habeş Hristiyanlığı karşısında sonradan ortaya çıkan Falaşa topluluğuna sorumluluk yüklenemeyeceği anlaşılmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Abbink, Jan. The Falashas in Ethiopia and Israel: The Problem of Ethnic Assimilation. ICSA, 1984.
  • Aydın, Fuat. Yahudilik (Tarih, İnanç, İbadet, Kültür). (Gözden geçirilmiş 3.baskı). İstanbul: Mahya Yayınları, 2018.
  • Bleich, J. David. “Black Jews: A Halakhic Perspective”. A Journal of Orthodox Jewish Thought 15/1-2 (Spring- Summer) (1975), 48-79.
  • Boykin, James H. Black Jews: Ethiopia, India, United States, 1982.
  • Budge, E. A. Wallis. The Kebra Nagast: The Queen of Sheba and Her Only Son Menyelek. Ontario: Cambridge, 2000.
  • Corinaldi, Michael. Jewish Identity: The Case of Ethiopian Jewry. Jerusalem: Hebrew University, 1998.
  • Dege-Muller, Sophia. “The Monastic Genealogy of Hoḫwarwa Monastery: A Unique Witness of Beta Ǝsraʾel Historiography”. Aethiopica (International Journal of Ethiopian and Eritrean Studies) 23 (2020), 57-86.
  • Dege-Muller, Sophia. “Between Heretics and Jews: Inventing Jewish Identities in Ethiopia”, Entangled Religions 6 (2018), 247-308.
  • Gürkan, Salime L. "İbrânîler", Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi (gözden geçirilmiş 2. basım, Ek-1). Ankara: TDV Yayınları, (2020), 625-627.
  • Haynes, Bruce D. “People of God, Children of Ham”. Journal of Modern Jewish Studies 8/2 (2009), 237-254.
  • Heldman, Marilyn E. “Architectural Symbolism, Sacred Geography and the Ethiopian Church”. Journal of Religion in Africa 22/3 (1992), 222-241.
  • Kaplan, Steven. “Ethiopia, Judaism”. The Encyclopedia of Judaism. ed. J. Neusner vd. 4/1741-1754, 2003.
  • Kaplan, Steven. “Kifu-Qen: The Great Famine of 1888-1892 and The Beta Israel (Falasha)”. Paideuma: Mitteilungen zur Kulturkunde (Afrika-Studien II) 36/ (1990), 67-77.
  • Kaplan, Steven. “The Beta Israel and Ethiopian Christian Views of Jews and Judaism”. Princeton NJ: (Nov 17, Online Meeting), 2020.
  • Kaplan, Steven. The Beta Israel (Falasha) in Ethiopia; From Earliest Times to the Twentieth Century. New York and London: New York University Press, 1992.
  • Kaplan, Steven. “The Falasha and the Stephanite: An Episode from Gadla Gabra Masih”. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 48/2 (1985), 278-282.
  • Kaplan, Steven. The Monastic Holy Man and the Christianization of Early Solomonic Ethiopia. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1984.
  • Kuran, Neslihan. “Afrikalı Falaşalar: Falaşaların Etnik Köken Teorileri ve Dini Kimlikleri Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz”. Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi 8/2 (2021), 213-244.
  • Leslau, Wolf. Falasha Anthology. Yale Judaica Series 6 Cilt. New York: Yale University Press, 1951.
  • McGuckin, J. Anthony. “Ethiopia”. The Encyclopedia of Eastern Orthodox Christianity. 1/5-11. Oxford: Wiley Blackwell, 2010.
  • Parfitt, Tudor. The Lost Tribes of Israel: The History of a Myth. London: Weidenfeld &Nicolson, 2002.
  • Quirin, James. “Oral Traditions as Historical Sources in Ethiopia: The Case of the Beta Israel (Falasha)”. History in Africa 20 (1993), 297-312.
  • Quirin, James. “The Beta ’Esrā’ēl (Falāshā) and Ayhud in Fifteenth Century Ethiopia: Oral and Written Traditions”. Northeast African Studies 10/2-3 (1988), 89-104.
  • Quirin, James. The Evolution of the Ethiopian Jews, A History of the Beta Israel (Falasha) to 1920. America: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1992.
  • Seeman, Don. “The Question of Kinship: Bodies and Narratives in the Beta Israel-European Encounter (1860- 1920)”. Journal of Religion in Africa 30/1 (2000), 86-120.
  • Shelemay, K. Kaufman. Music, Ritual and Falasha History. Michigan: Michigan State University Press, 1989.
  • Shochat, Azriel. “Eldad Ha-Dani”. Encyclopaedia Judaica. ed. Cecil Ruth. 576-578. Jerusalem: Keter Publishing House, 1978.
  • Summerfield, Daniel. From Falashas to Ethiopian Jews: The External Influences for Change, c. 1860-1960. London and New York: Routledge, 2003.
  • Tamrat, Taddesse. Church and State in Ethiopia 1270-1527. London: Oxford University Press, 1972.
  • Trimingham, J. Spencer. Islam in Ethiopia. London: Frank Cass&CO. LTD., 1965.
  • Ullendorff, Edward. Ethiopia and the Bible. London: Oxford University Press, 1968.
  • Waldman, Menachem. The Jews of Ethiopia: The Beta Israel Community. Jerusalem: AmiShav, 1985.
  • Weil, Shalva. “Longing for Jerusalem among the Beta Israel of Ethiopia”. African Zion: Studies in Black Judaism. ed. Edith Bruder - Tudor Parfitt. 204-217. London: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2012.
  • Weil, Shalva. “The Unification of the Ten Lost Tribes with the Two Found Tribes”. Becoming Jewish: New Jews and Emerging Jewish Communities in a Globalized World. ed. Tudor Parfitt - Netanel Fisher. 25-35. London: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2016.
  • Zegeye, Abebe. The Impossible Return: Struggles of the Ethiopian Jews, The Beta Israel. New Jersey: The Red Sea Press, 2018.

Abyssinian Judaism: An Evaluation of How Abyssinian Judaism Formed through the Falasha Monks and Abyssinian Christianity

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 1275 - 1300, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.47424/tasavvur.1167831

Öz

It is rather difficult to detail the history of Abyssinian Judaism. Although there is no clear information on the subject, the existence of a Jewish ethnic group in Abyssinia is generally explained as the result of contact with members of the ancient Jewish community. Recent research point out a much more different and complex picture of Judaism in Abyssinia. First of all, it is important to know that in the early stages of Abyssinia, an ethnically and religiously differentiated (distinguishable) Jewish community has yet been encountered. What should be questioned in the study of Abyssinian Judaism is the Ethiopian Orthodox Tawhid Church (Abyssinian Orthodox Church) itself, which for many years served as a vehicle for transmitting Hebrew elements. In that sense Abyssinian Orthodox Christianity offers one of the most unique expressions of world Christianity; is still observing the Sabbath and still continuing to circumcise boys. Moreover, it maintains the belief that the Ark of the Covenant was brought to Ethiopia before the destruction of the Solomon’s Temple. If Abyssinian Christianity which has a Judeo-Christian tradition is to be igno-red and a separate history of Abyssinian Judaism (as a community) is to be established with evidence, it is understood that the starting point could be after the 14th century.
The claim of the study is that the formation process of Abyssinian Juda-ism may have been a development formed by Abyssinia's own choice with the acceptance of Christianity rather than a direct continuation of a Jewish group. The weight of Jewish influence in the Falasha community, which is claimed to be the present representative of Abyssinian Judaism, is related to the orientation of the local monks after the 15th century and the result of the texts they convey (transfer). When the ethnic and religious positions of the Falashas are evaluated objectively, the Falashas are directly embedded in the Judeo-Christian tradition of Abyssinia. Therefore, it is understood that Falashas cannot be held responsible for Jewish influence in the face of Abyssinian Christianity which has followed a Judeo-Christian tradition for many years.

Kaynakça

  • Abbink, Jan. The Falashas in Ethiopia and Israel: The Problem of Ethnic Assimilation. ICSA, 1984.
  • Aydın, Fuat. Yahudilik (Tarih, İnanç, İbadet, Kültür). (Gözden geçirilmiş 3.baskı). İstanbul: Mahya Yayınları, 2018.
  • Bleich, J. David. “Black Jews: A Halakhic Perspective”. A Journal of Orthodox Jewish Thought 15/1-2 (Spring- Summer) (1975), 48-79.
  • Boykin, James H. Black Jews: Ethiopia, India, United States, 1982.
  • Budge, E. A. Wallis. The Kebra Nagast: The Queen of Sheba and Her Only Son Menyelek. Ontario: Cambridge, 2000.
  • Corinaldi, Michael. Jewish Identity: The Case of Ethiopian Jewry. Jerusalem: Hebrew University, 1998.
  • Dege-Muller, Sophia. “The Monastic Genealogy of Hoḫwarwa Monastery: A Unique Witness of Beta Ǝsraʾel Historiography”. Aethiopica (International Journal of Ethiopian and Eritrean Studies) 23 (2020), 57-86.
  • Dege-Muller, Sophia. “Between Heretics and Jews: Inventing Jewish Identities in Ethiopia”, Entangled Religions 6 (2018), 247-308.
  • Gürkan, Salime L. "İbrânîler", Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi (gözden geçirilmiş 2. basım, Ek-1). Ankara: TDV Yayınları, (2020), 625-627.
  • Haynes, Bruce D. “People of God, Children of Ham”. Journal of Modern Jewish Studies 8/2 (2009), 237-254.
  • Heldman, Marilyn E. “Architectural Symbolism, Sacred Geography and the Ethiopian Church”. Journal of Religion in Africa 22/3 (1992), 222-241.
  • Kaplan, Steven. “Ethiopia, Judaism”. The Encyclopedia of Judaism. ed. J. Neusner vd. 4/1741-1754, 2003.
  • Kaplan, Steven. “Kifu-Qen: The Great Famine of 1888-1892 and The Beta Israel (Falasha)”. Paideuma: Mitteilungen zur Kulturkunde (Afrika-Studien II) 36/ (1990), 67-77.
  • Kaplan, Steven. “The Beta Israel and Ethiopian Christian Views of Jews and Judaism”. Princeton NJ: (Nov 17, Online Meeting), 2020.
  • Kaplan, Steven. The Beta Israel (Falasha) in Ethiopia; From Earliest Times to the Twentieth Century. New York and London: New York University Press, 1992.
  • Kaplan, Steven. “The Falasha and the Stephanite: An Episode from Gadla Gabra Masih”. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 48/2 (1985), 278-282.
  • Kaplan, Steven. The Monastic Holy Man and the Christianization of Early Solomonic Ethiopia. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1984.
  • Kuran, Neslihan. “Afrikalı Falaşalar: Falaşaların Etnik Köken Teorileri ve Dini Kimlikleri Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz”. Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi 8/2 (2021), 213-244.
  • Leslau, Wolf. Falasha Anthology. Yale Judaica Series 6 Cilt. New York: Yale University Press, 1951.
  • McGuckin, J. Anthony. “Ethiopia”. The Encyclopedia of Eastern Orthodox Christianity. 1/5-11. Oxford: Wiley Blackwell, 2010.
  • Parfitt, Tudor. The Lost Tribes of Israel: The History of a Myth. London: Weidenfeld &Nicolson, 2002.
  • Quirin, James. “Oral Traditions as Historical Sources in Ethiopia: The Case of the Beta Israel (Falasha)”. History in Africa 20 (1993), 297-312.
  • Quirin, James. “The Beta ’Esrā’ēl (Falāshā) and Ayhud in Fifteenth Century Ethiopia: Oral and Written Traditions”. Northeast African Studies 10/2-3 (1988), 89-104.
  • Quirin, James. The Evolution of the Ethiopian Jews, A History of the Beta Israel (Falasha) to 1920. America: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1992.
  • Seeman, Don. “The Question of Kinship: Bodies and Narratives in the Beta Israel-European Encounter (1860- 1920)”. Journal of Religion in Africa 30/1 (2000), 86-120.
  • Shelemay, K. Kaufman. Music, Ritual and Falasha History. Michigan: Michigan State University Press, 1989.
  • Shochat, Azriel. “Eldad Ha-Dani”. Encyclopaedia Judaica. ed. Cecil Ruth. 576-578. Jerusalem: Keter Publishing House, 1978.
  • Summerfield, Daniel. From Falashas to Ethiopian Jews: The External Influences for Change, c. 1860-1960. London and New York: Routledge, 2003.
  • Tamrat, Taddesse. Church and State in Ethiopia 1270-1527. London: Oxford University Press, 1972.
  • Trimingham, J. Spencer. Islam in Ethiopia. London: Frank Cass&CO. LTD., 1965.
  • Ullendorff, Edward. Ethiopia and the Bible. London: Oxford University Press, 1968.
  • Waldman, Menachem. The Jews of Ethiopia: The Beta Israel Community. Jerusalem: AmiShav, 1985.
  • Weil, Shalva. “Longing for Jerusalem among the Beta Israel of Ethiopia”. African Zion: Studies in Black Judaism. ed. Edith Bruder - Tudor Parfitt. 204-217. London: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2012.
  • Weil, Shalva. “The Unification of the Ten Lost Tribes with the Two Found Tribes”. Becoming Jewish: New Jews and Emerging Jewish Communities in a Globalized World. ed. Tudor Parfitt - Netanel Fisher. 25-35. London: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2016.
  • Zegeye, Abebe. The Impossible Return: Struggles of the Ethiopian Jews, The Beta Israel. New Jersey: The Red Sea Press, 2018.
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Din Araştırmaları
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Neslihan Kuran 0000-0002-3637-0543

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 27 Ağustos 2022
Kabul Tarihi 27 Ekim 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Kuran, Neslihan. “Habeş Yahudiliği: Falaşa Keşişler Ve Habeş Hristiyanlığı Üzerinden Habeş Yahudiliğinin Nasıl Oluştuğuna Dair Bir Değerlendirme”. Tasavvur / Tekirdağ İlahiyat Dergisi 8/2 (Aralık 2022), 1275-1300. https://doi.org/10.47424/tasavvur.1167831.

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